Introduction to the Skeletal System Guided Notes
1. There are five basic functions of the skeletal system.
(1) ________________ - a framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs
(2) ________________ - for delicate organs, ____________, lungs, _____________, spinal cord,
reproductive organs
(3) _______________ - bones act as ______________ for muscles
(4) Mineral and lipid storage- _______________ & ______________________
(5) Blood cell formation- ______________________________
2. We can classify all bones into five types based on their shape:
(1) _____________Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
(2) ___________ Bones- carpals, tarsals
(3) ________ Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
(4) _____________ Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
(5) _________________ - patella
3. There are a total of ________ bones make up the adult skeleton
Divided into:
(1) _____________ – includes the head, neck, and trunk
(2) ___________________ – includes limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the ____________
girdle (coxal bones – lower limbs) and ____________________ girdle (scapula and clavicle- upper
limbs)
4. By twelve weeks, the fetal skeleton is made up of ______ bones. Why does the fetal skeleton have more
bones than the adult skeleton?_________________________________________________________________
5. The long bone consists of several major parts:
(1) __________________ – expanded ends of the bone
(2) __________________ – shaft of the bone
(3) _________________ Cartilage – _________________ cartilage at both ends of the bone
(4) ______________________ – tough membrane-like covering over the entire bone, except for the
articular cartilage. Connects with _________________ and ____________________ and forms bone
tissue.
7. The ___________________ cavity is the hollow chamber found inside the diaphysis that connects to spaces
in spongy bone. The cavity is filled with soft specialized tissue called bone ___________________. There are
two types of bone marrow:
(1) ________ Marrow – found in spongy bone in adults and produces _____________ cells. Contains
mature and immature _______ blood cells, _____________ blood cells, and the _______________
cells that produce them
(2) _______________ Marrow – _______ storage that replaces the red marrow in the diaphysis
throughout childhood. Important _________________ reserve.
(3) _________________ – lining of the medullary cavity
8. There are _______ main types of bone tissue:
(1) _______________ (cortical) bone – walls of diaphysis that are ___________ and ______________
(2) _________________ (cancellous) bone – found in epiphysis and covered with a thin layer of
compact bone. Has many branching, bony “______________”
9. _________________ are mature bone cells.
10. There are several components to the bone cell:
*Osteocytes are enclosed in tiny chambers called ___________________ and form a concentric ring
(layers) around a passageway called the ___________________ canal.
*Thin layers of bone matrix are called ___________________
*Osteocytes are connected by minute branches called _____________________ that allow nutrient
transfer and osteocyte communication.
*Haversian canals are connected by passages called _________________________ canals, that contain
blood vessels and nerve fibers.
*Except at joints, the outer surfaces of bones are covered by a _______________________ layer.
*Circular layers of matrix and osteocytes along with the haversian canal make up a unit called the
__________________ (haversian system)