Chapter 15: Urinary System
Structure and Function
Function:
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Structures:
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
Kidneys
**Principle organ of the urinary system**
Location:
• Two kidneys—one on each side of the lumbar region
Functions:
• Filters the blood and secretes water and wastes in the form of urine
• Regulates the blood’s levels of critical elements such as water, Na+ and K+
Layers of the Kidney
• 2 layers
• ____________________________________________(outer portion)
•
•
•
Consists of 1 million ____________________________________________________
Nephrons are the function unit of the kidney responsible for the actual
purification and filtration of the blood
____________________________________________(inner portion)
• This is where the amount of salt and water in your urine is controlled
Nephrons:
• Functional unit of kidney
• Consists of:
_______________________________________________________—ball shaped cluster of capillaries
___________________________________________________________________– encloses the nephron
____________________________________________________________– tube like portion of nephron
Urinary Bladder
Location:
• Sac above the urethra
Function:
• Hold urine until it is expelled through the urethra
Urethra
Location:
• Single canal located under the urinary bladder
Function:
• Carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body
___________________________________________________________________
*Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
Diagnoses associate with the urinary system
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Involuntary discharge of urine at the time of cough, sneeze, or strained exercise
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction
of normal tissue that leads to renal failure.
• Diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent
urinary tract infections
______________________________________________________________________________________________
• Occurs when bacteria enter urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder
• Symptoms include dysuria and increase urinary frequency
_______________________________________________________
• Classified depending on where they stone is found
•
Nephrolithiasis _________________________________
•
Ureterolithiasis _________________________________
• Cystolithiasis ____________________________________
Caused by a build up of calcium and other chemical compound
Procedures associated with the urinary system
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Breaks a kidney stone into small pieces that can more easily travel through the urinary
tract and pass through the body
Radiography
_________________________________________________________________________________________
• X-rays of urinary tract after contrast is injected into blood stream and passes through the
kidney. Contrast reveals blockages and possible trauma
____________________________________________________________________________________________
• X-ray of the kidney, ureter and bladder
____________________________________________________________________________________________
• X-ray of upper urinary tract to detect the presence of stones or obstructions
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
• X-ray of bladder and urethra taken during urination
Lab tests associated with the urinary system
___________________________________________________________
• Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
Tests for:
____________________________________________________________
• A protein typically found in blood
• Indicates something could be wrong with glomerulus
____________________________________________________________
• Measures concentration of urine
pH
• Measures acidity of urine
Glucose
• Measures amount of sugar in uring
• Can indicate a variety of clinical conditions