Sommereksamen 2012
Titel på kursus:
Reproduktionsorganernes endokrinologi
Uddannelse:
Bacheloruddannelsen i Medicin/Medicin med industriel specialisering
Semester:
4. semester
Eksamensdato:
7. juni 2012
Tid:
kl. 09.00 - 11.00
Bedømmelsesform
7-trins skala
Vigtige oplysninger:
 Husk at opgive studienummer – ikke navn og cpr.nr. – på alle ark, der skal medtages i
bedømmelsen
 Husk at aflevere besvarelsen, også hvis du forlader eksamen, før den er slut
 Ordbøger er til rådighed i lokalet
 Øvrige hjælpemidler er ikke tilladt (bachelor)
 Det er tilladt at skrive besvarelsen på dansk eller engelsk
 Ingen former for kommunikation er tilladt
1
Erection is supported by parasympathetic signaling from branches
originating in one of the following:
A Plexus lumbalis
B Plexus aorticus
C Plexus hypogastricus inferior
D Plexus epigastricus
E Plexus hypogastricus superior
Max points : 1
Obtained points
2 During fertilization which one the following pairs of cells fuse together?
A Primary oocyte and primary spermatocyte
B Secondary oocyte and secondary spermatocyte
C Primary oocyte and spermatozoon
D Definitive oocyte and definitive spermatocyte
E Secondary oocyte and spermatozoon
Max points : 1
Obtained points
C
E
3
In susceptible tissues, the testosterone is chemically modified. This
modification entails one of the following:
A Hydroxylation
B Reduction
C Aromatization
D Oxidation
E Hydration
Max points : 1
Obtained points
4
B
Name fours steps in the chain of molecular events in the penile smooth muscle that
lead to erection following autonomic neural activation.
1. NO synthesis/release
2. cGMP synthesis
3. Ca2+ channel block
4. Decrease of intracellular Ca2+
Max points : 4
Obtained points
2
5
Name three theories/concepts that attempt to explain biological basis for different
sexual orientation (homosexuality).
1. Defect of dimorphic brain centers
2. Imbalance of sex hormones during prenatal period
3. Factor that is associated with female fertility, previous birth of a boy (production of
anti-Y antibodies that effect the dimorphic centers)
Max points : 3
6
Obtained points
Describe blood circulation in flaccid penis and during erection.
Flaccid – Blood shunts from deep artery (arteria profunda penis) to dorsal vein (vena
dorsalis penis profunda).
Erection – Blood streams from deep artery through helicine arteries into cavernous
spaces. The venous drainage is restricted.
Max points : 5
7
Obtained points
Describe what processes are involved in the “capacitation” of sperm and where it
takes place.
1. Removal of seminal proteins and surface glycopreoteins
2. Uterine tubes
Max points : 2
Obtained points
3
8
Which one of the following can be used to enhance ovulation in patients
with oligoovulation or anovulation?
A GnRH agonist
B Estrogen
C Estrogen antagonist at hypothalamus
D GnRH antagonist
E Progesterone antagonist
Max points : 1
Obtained points
9
Describe what “maturation” of sperm means and where it takes place.
1. Sperm acquires potential to fertilize egg
2. Epididymis
Max points : 2
10
Obtained points
Describe 5 substances produced by Sertoli cells.
1. ABP
2. MIF
3. DH-testosterone
4. Estradiol
5. Inhibin
Max points : 5
11
Obtained points
Name immediate androgen precursors to the following hormones:
Estrone – androstendione
Estriol – dehydroepiandrosterone
Estradiol - testosterone
Max points : 3
Obtained points
4
C
12
Topic: Physiology of testis
Options:
Is responsive to LH
A.
Produces androgen-binding protein (ABP)
B.
Is responsive to FSH
C.
Produces estradiol
D.
Produces testosterone
E.
Produces inhibin
F.
Produces MIF
G.
Produced DH-testosterone
H.
Lead in:
For each of the items below identify the most appropriate item/items from
the list above.
Leydig cells
A, E
Sertoli cells
B, C, D, F, G, H
Max point 8
13
Obtained points
Name and describe the three steps involved in the process of egg fertilization.
1. Penetration of corona radiata
 The spermatozoa migrate freely through.
2. Penetration of zona pellucida
 The spermatozoa get attached through specific ligand (ZP3).
 Enzymes get released through acrosomal reaction and enable the penetration.
 Upon reaching cytoplasmic membrane, cortical reaction takes place in the egg that
renders zona pellucida impenetrable - zona reaction.
3. Fusion of cell membranes
 After fusion, the sperm nucleus translocates into the egg, where they form
pronuclei.
Max points : 8
Obtained points
5
14
Topic: Clinical case
Shireen Husseini is a 15-years old female who comes to her practitioner and asks for a prescription
of oral contraceptives. She has a boyfriend, and became sexually active within the last two months.
They are not using any protection and Shireen is afraid she might get pregnant. Shireen has an
unremarkable medical history. She reached menarche three years ago, her periods are regular, has
no premenstrual tension or acne. She is not using elicit substances, neither alcohol nor tobacco.
Lead in: Based on the clinical case above answer the following 5 questions.
14.1
Name five basic approaches/methods in contraception.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Barrier contraception, chemical contraception/spermicides, hormonal contraception,
sterilization, IUD, fertility awareness (timing), coitus interruptus
Max points : 5
14.2
Opnåede points
Name three mechanisms of action of hormonal contraceptives.
1. Inhibition of ovulation
2. Effect on cervical mucosa and secretions
3. Effect on endometrium
6
Max points : 3
Opnåede points
14.3 Name four potential side/adverse effects of hormonal contraception in addition to
endometrial atrophy, inhibition of lactation, weight increase, hypertension, and
liver and cervical cancer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Deep vein thrombosis, breakthrough bleeding, headache, nausea, mood
swings/depression, decreased sex drive, decreased menstrual pain, breast
engorgement/tenderness, acne
Max points : 3
Opnåede points
15
Identify four drugs that may be used in protocols to induce
superovulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF).
A Estrogen agonist
B GnRH agonist
C Estrogen antagonist at hypothalamus
D GnRH antagonist
E Estrogen antagonist at breast
F FSH
G LH
H Estrogen
I Progesterone
Max points : 4
Obtained points
16
A
B
C
D
E
Which one of the following is involved in contraction of penile trabecular
muscles?
Activation of guanylate cyclase
Closure of Ca2+ channels
Activation of NO synthase
Activation of cAMPase
Activation of phosphodiesterase
7
B
D
F
G
E
Max points : 1
Obtained points
8