Table C3
Effect Sizes of Psychosocial Interventions
Uncontrolled Trials
Study
Target of
intervention
N
/ First F/U
Gender (M/F)
Age at
diagnosisa
Outcomes with effect sizes > 0.2
Effect Sizeb,c [95%
CI] (Hedges’ g
unless otherwise
noted)
Outcomes with effect
sizes < 0.2
Uncontrolled Trials
Barakat et al.
(2003)
Social
competence
(Group social
60%/31%
F/U: 9-10
months
(Social-skills
training group)
Barrera &
Schulte (2009)
T: 18
Social
competence
T: 32
F/U: 0
months
56%/44%
Range: 4
months 10 years
NA
TRF Externalizing (teacher report)
0.21 [0.03, 0.39]
TRF Internalizing (teacher report)
0.39 [0.10, 0.69]
SSRS Problem Behaviors (teacher report)
0.27 [-0.18, 0.72]
CBCL Externalizing (parent report)
0.20 [-0.02, 0.42]
CBCL Internalizing (parent report)
0.22 [-0.01, 0.44]
CBCL Total Competence (parent report)
0.42 [-0.02, 0.87]
SSRS Problem Behaviors (parent report)
0.23 [-0.2, 0.66]
SSRS Social Skills (parent report)
0.41 [-0.04, 0.86]
YSR Externalizing
0.50 [0.16, 0.83]
YSR Internalizing
0.44 [0.11, 0.77]
YSR Total Competence
0.63 [0.14, 1.11]
SSRS Social Skills
0.40 [-0.06, 0.86]
CBCL Social competence (parent report)
0.26 [-0.02, 0.54]
CBCL Social problems (parent report)
0.28 [0.01, 0.56]
SSRS self-control (parent report)
0.43 [0.07, 0.80]
SSRS Social skills
(teacher report); TRF
Adaptive functioning
(teacher report); MPQLQ
Social Competence
(parent report)
CBCL Internalizing
(parent report); CBCL
Externalizing (parent
report); CBCL Total
SSRS Total (parent report)
0.34 [0.16, 0.53]
PedsQL (parent report)
0.75 [0.35, 1.15]
YSR Externalizing
0.31 [0.07, 0.54]
YSR Social problems
0.22 [-0.23, 0.68]
PedsQL
0.27 [-0.08, 0.62]
CBCL Internalizing (parent report)
0.29 [0.08, 0.51]
CBCL Externalizing (parent report)
0.37 [0.15, 0.58]
SSRS Total
0.57 [0.11, 1.02]
Social competence (QOK-child, QOK-parent)
Trend of
improvement (effect
sizes not calculable)
None
Positive thinking (QOK-child, QOK-parent)
Mean:
11.0 years
Global Quality of Life
0.60 [0.37, 0.82]
Ryff-Personal growth
0.44 [0.17, 0.70]
SD: 3.8
years
Ryff-Positive relations with others
0.25 [0.00, 0.49]
Ryff-Autonomy ; RyffEnvironmental mastery ;
SF-12 Mental health
functioning
Ryff-Purposes in life
0.31 [0.06, 0.56]
Ryff-Self-acceptance
0.37 [0.13, 0.60]
SF-12 Physical functioning
0.20 [-0.12, 0.52]
skills intervention
program)
Patel et al.
(2009)d
Social
competence
(OK Onco)
Schwartz et al.
(1999)
(Moving On
program)
50%/50%
Range: 1
– 17 years
F/U: 0
months
(Cognitive and
problem solving
training)
Maurice-Stam et
al. (2009)
T: 15
Information
seeking
behavior,
relaxation,
social
competence,
positive
thinking
T: 11
Psychological wellbeing
T: 22
54.5%/45.5%
NA
F/U: 0-4
weeks
F/U: 0
months
41%/59%;
Controlled Trials
problems (parent report);
YSR Internalizing ; YSR
Total problems ; YSR
Social competence ;
SSRS Total ; Child
Depression Inventory
None
Study
Kazak et al.
(2004)
Target of
intervention
Posttraumatic
stress
(Surviving
Cancer
Competently
Intervention
Program)
Poggi et al.
(2009)
(Coping skills
training)
T: 76
C: 74
Gender (M/F)
49%/51%
Age at
diagnosisa
Behavioral
and social
problems
T: 17
C: 23
70%/30%
F/U: 4-8
months
Posttraumatic
stress,
anxiety
benefit
finding,
health
promotion
behavior
T: 9
C: 11
F/U: 4
weeks
48%/52%
Outcome
I
ES-R Arousal
IES-R Intrusion
0.36 [0.03, 0.69]
0.17 [-0.16, 0.50]
Posttraumatic stress (PTSD-RI)
0.16 [-0.17, 0.48]
Mean: 6.7
years
CBCL Externalizing (parent report)
0.21 [-0.41, 0.82]
CBCL Total problems (parent report)
0.57 [-0.06, 1.20]
SD: 4.0
years
CBCL Attention problems (parent report)
0.67 [0.04, 1.30]
CBCL Somatic complaints (parent report)
1.01 [0.36, 1.66]
CBCL Withdrawn (parent report)
0.67 [0.04, 1.30]
CBCL Social problems (parent report)
0.86 [0.21, 1.50]
CBCL Internalizing (parent report)
0.69 [0.05, 1.32]
VABS Social skills (parent report)
0.67 [0.04, 1.31]
Benefit finding (PTGI and GTUS)
Strong trend of
improvement (effect
sizes not calculable)
Range: 2
months –
16 years
F/U: 3-5
months
(Psychological
intervention for
brain tumor
survivors)
Santacroce et al.
(2010)
N
/ First F/U
Effect Sizeb,c [95%
CI] (Hedges’ g
unless otherwise
noted)
NA
Outcomes with effect
sizes < 0.2
None
VABS Daily living skills
(parent report); CBCL
Delinquent behavior
(parent report); CBCL
Thought problems
(parent report); VABS
Communication (parent
report); CBCL Aggressive
behavior (parent report);
CBCL Anxiety/depression
(parent report); VABS
Motor skills (parent
report)
None
C = control group; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; CNS = central nervous system; F/U = follow-up; GTUS = Growth Through Uncertainty Scale; IES-R =
Impact of Events Scale-Revised; PCP = Primary care physician; PTGI=Post-traumatic Growth Inventory; PTSD-RI=Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Reaction Index; QT = quasi-experimental; RCT = randomized control trial; SSRS = Social-Skills Rating System; T = treatment group; TRF = Teacher
Report Form; YSR = Youth Self-Report; VABS = Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
a If
age range was not available, the mean and standard deviation were provided instead.
effect sizes represent improvement. Effect sizes in bold have significant confidence intervals at p < 0.05.
c Unless otherwise specified, all outcomes are based on data provided by survivors.
d This intervention is also described in Appendix A5 as a psychosocial intervention.
b Positive