EARTH SCIENCE 11
NAME ___________________
GLACIERS PT. 2 MOVEMENT
How Glaciers Move
• The ______ of the overlying layers of ice and snow ______________ on lower layers of the glacier and
make it move
• The _______ also causes grains of ice to partially ______ and
refreeze
• Basal Flow:
• ________ of ice causes layer closest to the ground to
______, melt water acts as a lubricant (ex. same
process used by ice skaters)
• When a valley glacier comes to a steep slope, great fissures, or cracks, called __________ form across
the width of the glacier
How Far Glaciers Move
• Always moves ___________
• Calving:
• Process of great _______ breaking off to become
__________
• Ice Front:
• Where the glacier _______
• A glacier is ________ at the elevation where the ice
_______ as fast as it moves
Glaciers Transport Loose Rock
• Glaciers remove loose ______ from the valley as they move
• Can be fine powder to giant boulders
• Rock Flour:
• ___________________________________________________________________________
• Glacial milk:
• __________________________________________________________________________
(gives the water a milky white color)
Glaciers Leave Their Mark
• Glaciers _______ the bedrock largely by using pieces of rocks as cutting tools
• Fine sand act like ______________ (smooth and polish the bedrock)
• Coarse sand and pebbles leave long parallel scratches called __________
• Shows the general ____________ of ice ____________
• _________ are ground out beneath glaciers in whirlpools formed by meltwater falling into crevasses
Glacial Features
___________:
• Spoon shaped basin formed at the head of the glacial valley
___________:
 Sharp, narrow ridge between two cirques
___________:
•
•
Large amounts of rock deposit that build up in areas of a moving glacier
Ground moraine:
• material carried in the bottom of the glacier before it is deposited
• Lateral moraine:
• the rock that pile up along the valley sides
• Medial (middle) moraine:
• when two glaciers come together and join their lateral moraines
• End moraine:
• rock that builds up at the ice front
__________________:
• Where three or more cirques cut into one mountain peak
Recognizing Glacial Valleys
• A valley glacier touches the entire valley floor and a
large part of the valley walls
• Resulting formation is called a glacial trough
(__________________)
Recognizing Continental Glaciers
• _________ and _________ valleys that are parallel to its direction of movement
• Grinds down mountain _______ and leaves them polished and rounded
• (Valley glaciers sharpen mountain peaks by grinding away at their sides)