Chapter 3 – Human Body Systems – Study Guide
Circulatory System: The transportation system of the body
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Blood:
o Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to the rest of the body
o Platelets – form blood clots
o White Blood Cells – protect your body from germs and other harmful things. Greater
numbers in reponse to infection
Heart:
Veins - a blood vessel that takes blood from cells back to the heart
Left Atrium
Valve
Left Ventricle
Respiratory system: Brings oxygen into the body and cells, removes carbon
dioxide from the cells. Carbon dioxide builds up in the blood when you hold your breath. Your brain
sends a signal telling you to breath.
-Capillaries surround the wall of each air sac
Chapter 3 – Human Body Systems – Study Guide
Digestive System:
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Begins when teeth grind food
Food then moves through the esophagus when rings of tiny muscles squeeze
food down.
The pancreas and liver send chemicals to the small intestine to help digest food.
Villi in the small intestines provide more surface area to absorb food.
Urinary System: involved in removing waste from the body
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Kidneys:
o Clean the blood
o Regulate the level of salt in the blood
o Control the level of water in the blood
Urinary Bladder – stores a mix of wastes and water until the mix of wastes and
water is ready to leave the body
Urinary system and Circulatory systems
work together:
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The urinary system cleans the blood in the circulatory system.
Blood traveling back to the heart passes through the kidneys in the urinary system. The
kidneys clean the blood and control the amount of salt, water, and other substances in the
blood.
Extended Response
Identify where the respiratory and circulatory systems work
together in the human body. Explain how the two systems interact
with each other at this location. Then explain what happens to the
circulatory system when the respiratory system does not function
properly.
The respiratory and circulatory systems work together in the chest. In the chest, oxygen
transfers from the alveoli to blood in the capillaries. The blood then travels throughout
the body, distributing oxygen. Also, carbon dioxide leaves the blood at the alveoli and
enters the lungs where it is then expelled. If the respiratory system does not function to
its full ability, then the circulatory system cannot transport enough oxygen throughout
Chapter 3 – Human Body Systems – Study Guide
the body. Without enough oxygen, other organs and tissues of the body will not
function to their full ability.