OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2012
Name of disease (or topic) for which you
are a designated OIE Reference
Laboratory:
Rabies
Address of laboratory
OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies
Poxvirus and Rabies Branch
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and
Pathology
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic
Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop G33
Atlanta, GA 30 333, USA
Tel.:
001-404-639-1050
Fax:
001-404-639-1564
e-mail address:
rpf5@cdc.gov
website:
http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/
Name (including Title) of Head of
Laboratory (Responsible Official):
Damon Inger, MD, PhD
Branch chief, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch
Name (including Title and Position) of OIE
Reference Expert:
Richard Franka, DVM, PhD
Acting rabies team lead
Date of submission to the OIE
01/25/2013
Instructions
This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January
through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of
January every year.
Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE
should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference
Laboratories, available at:
http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/introduction/
Each ToR (blue italicised text) has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it.
Please note the red italicised text is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute
with your data. Examples are based on past Annual Reports or have been invented.
The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference
Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
1
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site:
(http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/annual-reports/):
ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE
Standards
Test recommended by the OIE
Total number of test performed last year
Indirect diagnostic tests
Nationally
Internationally
Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT)
3524
1161
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) on MSD
468
0
Direct diagnostic tests
Nationally
Internationally
DFA (FAT)
687
849
Antigenic typing with Mabs
359
70
RT-PCR
204
36
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
22
0
Direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (DRIT)
300
15
Mouse inoculation test (MIT)
52
0
Cell culture isolation
379
10
ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement
and promote the application of OIE Standards.
To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any
other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or
disease.
2.
Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by
the OIE or other international bodies?
Yes
3.
No
Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries?
Yes
4.
No
Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference
reagents?
Yes
5.
No
Did your laboratory produce vaccines?
Yes
6.
Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?
Yes
2
No
No
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for
diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases
7.
Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the
designated pathogen or disease?
Yes
8.
No
Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen
or disease?
Yes
No
Name of the new test or diagnostic
method or vaccine developed
Description and References (Publication, website, etc.)
Lembo T, Niezgoda M, Velasco-Villa A, Cleaveland S, Ernest E,
Rupprecht CE. (2006). Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical
test for rabies diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(2):310-3.
Direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry test
(DRIT)
Dürr S, Naïssengar S, Mindekem R, Diguimbye C, Niezgoda M, Kuzmin I,
Rupprecht CE, Zinsstag J. (2008) Rabies diagnosis for developing
countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2(3):e206.
ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and
technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries
9.
Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?
Yes
No
Name of OIE
Member Country
seeking assistance
Date
(dd/mm)
No. samples received for
provision of diagnostic support
(i.e. from surveillance campaign)
No. samples received for
provision of confirmatory
diagnoses
DRC
2012
0
7
Dominican Republic
2012
0
19
Trinidad and Tobago
2012
5
35
Thailand
2012
48
0
Nigeria
2012
735
0
10.
Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE
Member Country?
Yes
No
Name of the OIE Member Country
receiving a technical consultancy
Purpose
How the advice was
provided
University of Texas, USA
Development of a ferret model for rabies treatment
On site
Research Institute for Biological Safety
Problems, Kazakhstan
Development of the project for the evaluation of
the efficacy of rabies oral immunization of wild
remote assistance
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
3
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
animals in natural
Guatemala
Assistance with the evaluation of rabies vaccination
in cattle, telemetry studies focused on ecology of
bats as a reservoir of rabies and their interactions
with humans
On site
Haiti
Evaluation of canine vaccination program,
development of national recommendations for
rabies control and prevention, evaluation of their
surveillance system for animal bites, laboratory
training
on site and remote assistance
Uganda
Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity,
training in DRIT and DFA
On site
Philippines
Community survey focused on individual’s
“willingness to pay” for rabies vaccination and dog
registration
On site
Kenya
Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and
surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA
On site
Congo (DRC)
Conducting knowledge, attitude and practice
(KAP) survey focused on animal bite injuries and
their prevention, enhancement of laboratory
diagnostic capacity
On site
Canada
Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity,
training in DRIT and DFA
Remote assistance
Chad
Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity,
training in DRIT and DFA
Remote assistance
Brazil, Bolivia
Provided reagents for monoclonal antigenic typing
Remote assistance
Brazil, France
Provided CVS
Remote assistance
Tanzania, Chad, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda,
Phillipines, haiti, Trinidad, Canada,
Provided reagents for DRIT
Remote assistance
India
Developed OIE twinning project for 2013-2015
Remote assistance
ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with
other laboratories, centres or organisations
11.
Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member
Countries other than the own?
Yes
No
Partners
(Institutions)
OIE Member Countries
involved other than
your country
Evaluate efficacy of
rabies vaccine and
logistics of their use
Guatemala
Guatemala
Community survey focused
on individual’s
“willingness to pay” for
rabies vaccination and dog
GARC
Philippines
Title of the study
Duration
Purpose of the study
Monitoring of
serological response
to rabies
vaccination in cattle
1 year
Philippines
2 year
4
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
registration
ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to
the designated pathogens or diseases
12.
Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control?
Yes
13.
Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed?
Yes
14.
No
No
What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?
(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)
a)
Articles published in peer-reviewed journals: .................
9
b)
International conferences: ..............................................
4
c)
National conferences: ......................................................
4
d)
Other: ...............................................................................
internet
1: Blanton JD, Dyer J, McBrayer J, Rupprecht CE. Rabies surveillance in the United States
during
2011.
J
Am
Vet
Med
Assoc. 2012
Sep
15;241(6):712-22.
doi:
10.2460/javma.241.6.712. PubMed PMID: 22947154.
2: Ellison JA, Johnson SR, Kuzmina N, Gilbert A, Carson WC, Vercauteren KC, Rupprecht CE.
Multidisciplinary approach to epizootiology and pathogenesis of bat rabies viruses in the
United States. Zoonoses Public Health. 2013 Feb;60(1):46-57. doi: 10.1111/zph.12019.
Epub 2012 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 23137052.
3: Kuzmin IV, Shi M, Orciari LA, Yager PA, Velasco-Villa A, Kuzmina NA, Streicker DG,
Bergman DL, Rupprecht CE. Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shifts of rabies
viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001-2009. PLoS Pathog.
2012;8(6):e1002786. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002786. Epub 2012 Jun 21. PubMed
PMID: 22737076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3380930.
4: Lankau EW, Montgomery JM, Tack DM, Obonyo M, Kadivane S, Blanton JD, Arvelo W,
Jentes ES, Cohen NJ, Brunette GW, Marano N, Rupprecht CE. Exposure of US travelers to
rabid zebra, Kenya, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;18(7):1202-4. doi:
10.3201/eid1807.120081. PubMed PMID: 22709948; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC3376810.
5: Streicker DG, Recuenco S, Valderrama W, Gomez Benavides J, Vargas I, Pacheco V,
Condori Condori RE, Montgomery J, Rupprecht CE, Rohani P, Altizer S. Ecological and
anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats: implications for transmission and
control. Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Sep 7;279(1742):3384-92. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PubMed PMID:
22696521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3396893.
6: Streicker DG, Lemey P, Velasco-Villa A, Rupprecht CE. Rates of viral evolution are linked
to host geography in bat rabies. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(5):e1002720. doi:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002720. Epub 2012 May 17. PubMed PMID: 22615575; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC3355098.
7: Patyk K, Turmelle A, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. Trends in national surveillance data for
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
5
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
bat rabies in the United States: 2001-2009. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Aug;12(8):66673. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0839. Epub 2012 May 18. PubMed PMID: 22607069.
8: Petersen BW, Tack DM, Longenberger A, Simeone A, Moll ME, Deasy MP, Blanton JD,
Rupprecht CE. Rabies in captive deer, Pennsylvania, USA, 2007-2010. Emerg Infect Dis.
2012 Jan;18(1):138-41. doi: 10.3201/eid1801.111189. PubMed PMID: 22260956; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC3310121
9: Recuenco S, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. A spatial model to forecast raccoon rabies
emergence.
Vector
Borne
Zoonotic
Dis.
2012
Feb;12(2):126-37.
doi:
10.1089/vbz.2010.0053. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PubMed PMID: 21995266.
ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries
To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards
15.
Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE
Member Countries?
Yes
No
a)
Technical visits: ................................................................
b)
Seminars: ......................................................................... 3
c)
Hands-on training courses: .............................................. 3
d)
Internships (>1 month): ................................................... 2
Type of technical training
provided (a, b, c or d)
Country of origin of the expert(s)
provided with training
No. participants from the
corresponding country
b)c) Enhancement of
laboratory diagnostic
capacity and surveillance,
training in DRIT and DFA
Kenya
1
b)c) Enhancement of
laboratory diagnostic
capacity and surveillance,
training in DRIT and DFA
Haiti
10
b)c) Enhancement of
laboratory diagnostic
capacity and surveillance,
training in DRIT and DFA
Uganda
6
d)Development of real-time
PCR assay
Mexico
2
d) laboratory diagnostic
Nigeria
1
ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the
pathogen and the disease concerned
16.
6
Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International
Standard?
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
Yes
No
Quality management system adopted
ISO 15189
17.
Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?
Yes
No
Test for which your laboratory is accredited
Accreditation body
OIE reference laboratory
WHO Collaborative Centre for Reference and
Research on Rabies
CLIA
18. Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease
concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 or
Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1)
Yes
No
ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
19.
Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes
20.
No
Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes
Title of event
Rabies International
Meeting
No
Date
(mm/yy)
Location
Role (speaker, presenting
poster, short
communications)
Title of the work
presented
October
2012
San Paulo,
Brazil
Speaker
Control strategies for
rabies prevention
ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories
designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory
proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
21.
Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the
same pathogen or disease?
Yes
22.
No
Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated
for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?
Yes
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
No
7
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
Purpose of the proficiency tests:
(validation of a diagnostic protocol:
specify the test; quality control of
vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.)
Role of your Reference
Laboratory (organiser/
participant)
No.
participants
RFFIT
participant
1
23.
Participating OIE
Ref. Labs/
organising OIE Ref.
Lab.
OIE reference
laboratory for
rabies, France
Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease
on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?
Yes
No
Name(s) of relevant OIE
Reference Laboratories
Title of the project or contact
Scope
Validation and
standardization of DRIT
Development of a new technique up to
OIE standards
All OIE ref labs for rabies
ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE
Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of
results.
24.
Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with
laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?
Yes
No
Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons1
No. participating
laboratories
Participating OIE Member
Countries
DFA proficiency
100
USA
DRIT
20
USA
ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
25.
Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?
Yes
1
8
No
Kind of consultancy
Location
Subject (facultative )
Provision of comments on OIE Standards
USA
Comments to Chapter on rabies
See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at:
www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/proficiency-testing see point 1.3
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Rabies » – « Dr Richard Franka » – « United States of America »
_______________
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
9