GUIDELINES AND TAMPLATE FOR FORMATING AND WRITING
SCIENTIFIC PAPERINTERNATIONAL FOREST FIRE CONFERENCE IN BLACK SEA
REGION
6-8 NOVEMBER 2014
Kastamonu, TURKEY
Title (12 pt, bold, center)
Ahmet Koru1, Suleyman Camci2and Nedim Gul3
(10 pt, center)
1
Position,Institution, City, Country; 2Position, Institution, City, Country; 3Position, Institution, City, Country
(10 pt, italic).
(For example: 1Asst. Prof., ArtvinCoruh University, Artvin, Turkey, 2Prof., ArtvinCoruhIniversity, Artvin,
Turkey, and so on)
Presenting author’s e-mail
Abstract(bold): Maximum 300 words with single-line spacing,italics and Times New Roman 10 pt font size.
Page layout size: A4, margins left/right/top/bottom 1 inch (2.54 cm).The abstract should state briefly the
purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions.
Key Terms: Maximum six key words (10 pt. italic)
Heading: Use bold, Times New Roman 10 pt font size. Text should begin next to heading
Text:Use Single-line Spacing and Times New Roman 10 pt font size.Text should be justified. Page layout size:
A4, margins left/right/top/bottom 1 inch (2.54 cm).Text can’t be more than 8 pages including abstract (first)
page, figures and tables. Figure title should be placed below each figure and table title should be placed on top
of each table. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible.
References: Use Single-line Spacing and Times New Roman bold 10 pt. font size. Hanging has to be 1 cm.
Below are the sample reference styles to be used in the text.
Reference to a journal publication: (Last name, first name, first name, middle name, last name and so on.)
Tufekcioglu, M., T.M. Isenhart, and R. C. Schultz. 2012. Streambank erosion as a source of sediment. Journal of
Soil Water Conservation 49; 103-113.
Reference to a book: (Last name, first name, first name, last name and so on.)
Mettam, G., and B. White. 1990. The element of style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.
Reference to proceedings: (Last name, first name, first name, last name and so on)
Nelson, R., L. Wagner, and K. Stueve. 1998. Mass reduction of standing and flat crop residues. In Proceeding of
the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Southwest Regional Meeting, Boton Rouge, Louisiana,
April 3, 1998. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers
Reference cited in the text: (Last name, publication year in parenthesis)
One author; (Kadioglu1998), Two authors: (Ceylan and Top2001), More than two authors: (Gunes et al. 2010)
PLEASE SEE THE TEMPLATE BELOW
Chemical Composition and Efficiency of Bio-oil Obtained Giant Cane
(Arundodonax L.)as a Wood Preservative….
Ali Temiz1, Selcuk Akbas2 and Dmitri Panov3.....
1
Assoc. Prof., Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey; 2Res. Asst., ArtvinCoruh University, Artvin,
Turkey; 3 Assoc. Prof, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (10 pt, italic).
temiz@ktu.edu.tr
Abstract: This study aimed at determining the chemical composition of bio-oil from giant cane (Arundodonax
L.), as well as its performance as a wood preservative. The performance was determined through water
absorption, tangential swelling, and resistance to fungi and termites…
Key Terms: Decay and termite resistance, giant cane, pyrolysis…
Introduction: Wood is a natural, renewable engineering material with unique properties that facilitate its use
for indoor and outdoor applications. However, due to some undesirable properties, such as susceptibility to
biodegradation when exposed to microbiological attack and dimensional instability under varying moisture
conditions, wood has a limited service life (Mohan et al. 2008; Temiz et al. 2010)….
Materials and Methods: Scots pine sapwood (Pinussylvestris L.) samples were treated with the obtained giant
cane bio-oil by full cell treatment. Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) is forced into the cylinder and 50 min pressure
(250 kPa) and 5 min of final vacuum…..
Results and Discussion: The chemical composition of giant cane (Arundodonax L.) used in this study is shown
in Table 1.
Table 1. Chemical composition and amount of monosaccharides in giant cane
Substance
Monosacharides
Average, %
Extractives (cold water)
Extractives (hot water)
Extractives (1% of sodium hydroxide)
Extractives (alcohol-benzene)
Lignin
Holocellulose
Cellulose
α-cellulose
Ash
* Standard deviation within parentheses
**
4-O-metil glucoronic acid
6.15 (0.42)*
8.01 (0.14)
29.39 (0.46)
1.29 (0.11)
22.40 (1.58)
72.52 (0.61)
45.12 (0.05)
42.84 (0.66)
2.39 (0.09)
Rhamnose
Mannose
Arabinose
Galactose
Xylose
Glucose
4-O-Me**
Average, %
0.15 (0.01)
0.35 (0.01)
2.00 (0.03)
0.84 (0.03)
33.88 0.26)
62.13 (0.31)
0.65 (0.01)
The giant cane showed an average of 22% lignin and 42% α-cellulose, and thus it contains somewhat less lignin
than wood (24 to 34%). The cane’s lignin and cellulose contents were found to be similar to those of bamboo
(21 to 32% and 26 to 43%, respectively)…..
The yields of liquid, char, and gas fractions obtained during the giant cane pyrolysis were 45, 30, and 25%,
respectively. An increase in the particle size causes greater temperature gradients inside the particles, and thus
the core temperature of a particle is lower than on the surface, resulting in an increase in bio-char yield and a
decrease in bio-oil and gas yields (Ertas and Alma 2010; Mohan et al. 2006).
Conclusions: Water absorption, tangential swelling, fungicidal characteristics, and resistance against termites of
bio-oil pyrolyzed from giant cane were evaluated in this study. The identified compounds in the bio-oil were
acids, ketones, furans, benzenes, phenols, sugars, guaiacols, and multifunctional compounds. ..Regarding the
termite test, 82% of termites survived in the control groups but no termites were recovered from the samples
treated with bio-oil. All bio-oil concentrations tested were effective against termites…..
Acknowledgements: The authors thank Hamburg University, and Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute. The
financial support of the project Micro-and nano-structural studies on the cell wall distribution and efficacy of
modern and novel wood protection systems by Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural
Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) is gratefully acknowledged…
References
Mohan, D., C.U. Pittman, and P.H. Steele. 2006. Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: A critical review.
Emergy Fuels 20; 848-889.
Mettam, G., and B. White. 1990. The element of style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.
Nelson, R., L. Wagner, K. Stueve. 1998. Mass reduction of standing and flat crop residues. In Proceeding of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers Southwest Regional Meeting, Boton Rouge, Louisiana,
April 3, 1998. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers