Unit II Study Guide KEY
1.
a. 15
d. ~ 31
b. 16
e. 15
c. 15
2. a. isotopes
b. # protons, # electrons, atomic number are same; # neutrons, atomic mass are different
3. Polar = unequal sharing of electrons
4. cohesion, adhesion
Allows water to move up from roots to leaves
5. Heat is absorbed, released when hydrogen bonds break, form; allows water to be relatively unaffected by temperature change
6. High heat of vaporization
Cooling effect of perspiration
7. Hydrogen bonds in solid ice hold water molecules further apart; less dense as solid
Protects aquatic life, insulates
8. Universal solvent
Polar water molecules “pull apart” other polar, ionic substances
9. coffee
10. Orange juice has 100X more H+ than coffee
11. 10 -3
3
acid
12. 10 -6
8
base
13. 10 -1
10 -13
acid
14. 10 -7
7
neutral
15. a. H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3 –
b. To the right; [H+ ] will increase to decrease pH
c. 7.4
16. Dehydration synthesis
17. Hydrolysis
18. Dehydration synthesis
19. Dehydration synthesis
20. Hydrolysis
21. Dehydration synthesis
22. Structural = cellulose – cell walls of plant cells
chitin – cell walls of fungal cells; insect exoskeleton
peptidoglycan – cell walls of Eubacteria
23. Storage = glycogen – animals
starch - plants
24. a. Sucrose or lactose or maltose
b. disaccharide
d. sucrose = glu + fru
lactose = glu + galac
maltose = glu + glu
e. dehydration synthesis
25. hydroxyl
26. carbonyl – aldehyde
27. amino + carbonyl
28. amino
29. carboxyl
30. carbohydrate – monosaccharide
31. lipid - saturated
32. nucleic acid
33. carbohydrate – polysaccharide
34. nucleic acid (nucleotide)
35. lipid (fatty acid) – saturated
36. b. lactose
c. glucose and galactose
d. hydrolysis
e. Induced fit refers to the slight “hug” that occurs when the substrate fits into the active site. This is important because it either stresses
the bonds slight to allow for break down, or holds substrates closely together to facilitate bonding
f. competitive inhibitor – takes up active site, physically blocking substrate
non-competitve inhibitor – changes shape of active site by binding with enzyme at another location
g. regulation of enzyme activity in which protein’s function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule at another site;
may result in stimulation or inhibition of enzyme
37. non-polar
38. basic
39. basic
40. polar
41. polar
45. 2°
46. 3°
47. 2°
a. phosphate group
c. nucleotide
b. deoxyribose
d. adenine – purine
DNA is a double helix; RNA is a single helix.
The sugar in DNA is dexoyribose; ribose is found in RNA
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
42. 2°
43. 4°
44. 1°
48.
e. guanine – purine
f. thymine - pyrimidine
g. cytosine - pyrimidine