Chapter 11 Study Guide Answers:
1. Newton
2. Pressure increases. Pressure decreases.
3. There is no pressure inside, and so the pressure on the outside is much
greater than the inside pressure
4. Manometer
5. A barometer measures the pressure of the atmosphere pushing down on a
column of mercury. One end is open to the atmosphere, and the other end is
closed under a vacuum, so there is no opposing pressure.
6. Standard pressure= 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 KPa = 101,325 Pa
7. Dalton
8. Pressure
9. Temperature and Pressure
10. Avagadro
11. At constant T and P
12. The relative rate of effusion of two gases is inversely proportional to the
square root of the molar masses.
13. V1/T1=V2/T2 V2= 6 L x 285 K/277 K =6.2 L
14. P1/T1=P2/T2 P2=1.45 atm x 298 K/263 K = 1.6 atm
15. P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
T2= P2V2T1/P1V1 = 0.7 atm x 1000 ml x 302 K/1.5
atm x 375 ml = 375.8 K
375.8 K – 273 = 103 C
16. P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
V2= P1V1T2/T1P2 = 720 mm Hg x 16 ml x 295
K/282 K x 760 mm Hg = 15.9 ml
17. PV=nRT 1 atm x 1 L/ 0.0821 x 273 K = 0.0446 mole gas 1.75 g/0.0446
moles= 39.2 g/mole
18. 5 L of Cl2, therefore 5 L H2 and 10 L HCl 10 L HCl x 1 mole/22.4 L = 0.4464
mol HCl
0.4464 mol HCl x 36.5 g/mol HCl = 16.29 g HCl
19. PV=nRT n=PV/RT n=1.5 atm x 5 L/0.08 x 293 K= 0.31178 mol
10.8
g/0.31178 mol=34.63 g/mol
20. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. Your ears pop when
the pressure inside your ears is different than the pressure outside your ears.
21. 1 atm, 0 degrees C or 273 degrees K; to compare data
22. Each gas exerts pressure according to how many molecules; other gases
present does not change that
23. He proposed that some gases are diatomic; later experiments proved that he
was correct.