Biology Final Exam Review
1. How would you change one amino acid for another in the protein?
Original sequence coding for a protein: ATGGCTAACGTT
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2. In humans, free earlobes (E) are dominant over attached earlobes (e). If a
man who is homozygous recessive for earlobe shape marries a woman who is
heterozygous, what are the average genotypic percentages for the character
earlobe shape in their offspring?
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3. In 1962, an English biologist, J. G. Gurden, made significant contributions to
the study of cell differentiation. Gurden surgically replaced the haploid nuclei
of unfertilized frog’s eggs with diploid nuclei from intestinal cells of tadpoles.
Some of the eggs that received the intestinal nuclei developed into perfectly
normal frogs. Consider what you know about the role of DNA in cell
differentiation, what conclusion can be drawn from Gurden’s results?
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4. What does the chart above tell you? Is there any difference between the
mRNA of animals, plants, or fungi?
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Biology Final Exam Review
5. Until recently, the evolution of modern-day whales has caused controversy
among scientists due to many gaps in the fossil record. What would provide
evidence against the idea that whales suddenly appeared in the fossil record?
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6. In the biology laboratory, you are given some pond water to observe under
the microscope. You must locate organisms and use a digital drawing
program to make labeled drawings. With this, you must try to determine
what group the organisms should be classified into. One of your labeled
drawings looks like the one below.
Using this labeled drawing, what taxonomic kingdom does this organism
belong in?
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7. Wildlife ecologists performed a study of bird populations in a newly
protected, wooded preserve in Central Texas. Results of their study showed
that there were approximately 240 cardinals occupying this community in
April 2004, and then approximately 480 cardinals in April 2005. What can the
ecologists reasonably deduce about the growth of the cardinal population
from this data?
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Biology Final Exam Review
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8. Hummingbirds are attracted to certain flowers. When the birds reach the
flower, they use their long beak and tongue to drink nectar. During this,
pollen sticks to the sides of the bird’s beak. At the next flower the bird visits,
the pollen is deposited. This flower uses the pollen from the first flower to
produce seeds.
What symbiotic relationship exists between the hummingbird and the
flowering plant?
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9. Many microorganisms are beneficial to the health of ecosystems; however,
some microorganisms can be harmful. What is an example that describes
microorganisms disrupting the health of an ecosystem? What is an example
that describes microorganisms helping the health of an ecosystem?
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10. The trait feather color in chickens is co-dominant. What is the most likely
phenotype of the offspring of a cross between a homozygous black feathered
chicken and a homozygous white feathered chicken?
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11. Scientists use a variety of genetic tools when studying the characteristics of
the genomes of organisms. The genetic technique of DNA fingerprinting
would be most helpful in determining what information about an organism?
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12. When studying natural selection, Darwin observed that in nature, most
organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Describe how this leads
to differential reproductive success (explain natural selection)?
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13. The DNA segment below has been unwound in preparation for transcription.
What is the correct sequence of the resulting mRNA transcript if the bottom
Biology Final Exam Review
DNA strand is used as the template (happens from 5’ to 3’ so bottom line is
the template)?
5’ CGAATGCTG
3’ GCTTACGAC
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14. Circle all of the following that are demonstrated by several species of closely
related finches being found randomly distributed throughout the world.
A. Biogeography
B. Evolution
C. Common descent
D. Succession
E. Fingerprints
15. When ecological succession takes place in an area when a community once
stood rather than a barren area, the process is called secondary succession.
Changes in species diversity occur over time as the community succeeds. If a
fire completely destroyed a pine forest community, what plant species would
you expect to be the most numerous in this community 6 months after the
fire?
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16. Land plants have adaptations that enable them to thrive in a terrestrial
ecosystem, while aquatic plants have adaptations that enable them to thrive
in an aquatic ecosystem. What is an example of an adaptation a land plant
might have? What is an example of an adaptation that an aquatic plant might
have?
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17. A sudden, violent volcanic eruption can cause both short-term and long-term
damage to an ecosystem’s stability. What are some ways an ecosystem
might be affected by the eruption?
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Biology Final
A Exam Review
C
B
D
18. Look at the diagram provided. Write one statement about what each letter
indicates.
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19. The generation of new cells by the cell cycle is strictly regulated by various
cellular mechanisms. What would most likely result if a mutation allows for
the cell cycle to progress unchecked?
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20. Why is a classification system necessary?
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21. Why would limited resources lead to natural selection in populations?
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22. The basic structure of a DNA molecule is shown in the diagram above. What
DNA component is represented by the rectangles in the diagram and why is it
important?
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Biology Final Exam Review
23. Elizabeth and Jacob walked their long-haired dog, Cooper, to the city park
on a windy spring day. They ran around in the open field playing with their
dog and then they all sat in the grass for a picnic. The dandelion plants are in
their seed dispersing stage, and resemble puff balls. A few weeks later,
Elizabeth and Jacob notice that their backyard is full of dandelions. What type
of evolutionary mechanism best explains the appearance of the dandelions?
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N
N
2N
N
N
24. The circles in this diagram represent cells containing chromosomes. If “n”
represents the number of chromosomes, what process would the 2N cell
undergo to produce a gamete?
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Questions 25 & 26: Scientists are studying the evolutionary history of a group of
plants in the United States, and they develop an evolutionary tree, as shown below.
Biology Final Exam Review
25. What information about the organisms best helps the scientists to determine
the evolutionary relationships among them?
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26. What are some things that can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
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27. In flowering plants, what is the ovule, what happens to it, and what does it
turn into?
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28. For her research, a student wants to find out if the lizards found in one
unique location found in Arizona are the same species of lizards found on the
east coast by comparing the DNA of both species. In order to analyze and
compare the DNA of the lizard, what equipment must be used?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
A
A
A
metabolic chamber
Bunsen burner
gel electrophoresis apparatus
dissecting microscope
Biology Final Exam Review
29. The above graphs show the populations of two species of paramecium. What
type of ecological relationship is portrayed when the two species of
paramecium are living in the same habitat?
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30. Where are the gametes of the human female reproductive system produced
and where does fertilization take place?
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31. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere. However, plants and
animals cannot access this nitrogen directly. From the diagram below, what
is the molecular form of nitrogen that is most abundant (hint: it’s found this
way in the atmosphere)?
Biology Final Exam Review
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32. Lions and hyenas are infamous competitors in the savannah biome. What
are some resources they would compete for?
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33.Describe the offspring that result from sexual reproduction.
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34.What are the different parts of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural
selection?
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Biology Final Exam Review
35. Certain environmental factors such as over exposure to the sun or radiation
can cause the disruption of the cell cycle. A possible consequence of
interfering with this cycle could result in _____________________________________________________________
36. Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms within a single species.
Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount
of thymine. Explain this ratio:
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37. Every cell in an organism contains the exact same genetic material; however
complex organisms have different types of cells. This is possible because only
some genes in the cell -__________________________________________________________
38. What are examples of crosses of parents that could produce a child with
type O blood?
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Biology Final Exam Review
39. Global warming causes an increase in coastal water temperatures. Increased
coastal water temperature causes a decrease in reproduction of krill. Which
of these would most likely experience an increase in population?
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40. A new species is introduced into an area. This can have harmful effects on
species already inhabiting the area. The harmful effects are most likely a
result of
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