UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE answers
AGE OF EXCHANGE AND ENCOUNTER
(SSWH 4, 5e, 7)
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What were the results of the repeated invasion of the Germanic tribes and the fall of the Roman Empire?
Disruption of trade, decline in learning, ruralization of the population
Justinian’s Code consisted of what 4 works?
Digest, Institute, Novellae,
Why did Emperor Leo III ban the use of icons and religious images?
He felt icon supported idol worship & promoted superstition
Who was the first Russian to take the title of czar?
Ivan IV
What was the result of the division of the Christian Church during the early 11th century?
Roman Catholic Church (West) and Eastern Orthodox Church (East)
How did the Byzantine Empire influence the development of Russia?
By first accepting their political and religious views
What religion did the Byzantines and Russians share?
Eastern Orthodox
The Byzantine Empire was originally what part of the Roman Empire?
Eastern Roman Empire
What was the Hagia Sophia? Who built it?
Renowned church built by Emperor Justinian in the 6th century
How did Justinian’s Code establish the legal standard for the 900 years that followed?
It updated and justified existing laws and greatly influenced future canon and secular laws
What 3 areas did the Mongols conquer making the largest unified empire in history?
China, Russia, Central Asia
How was Genghis Khan a brilliant military strategist?
Spy networks, coordinated attacks, rapid communication, catapulting, damming, made army
appear larger than it actually was
Who did Kublai Khan grant government positions to in China?
Mongols and foreigners
How did Marco Polo influence trade between China and Europe?
Marco Polo's book, first hand description of Asia and its wealth of resources made Europeans
want to find an easier trade route to Asia. His book helped start the Age of Exploration.
Why was the Mongol Empire divided immediately after Genghis Khan’s death?
To make the land and people easier to manage
List the 4 khanates divided from the Mongol Empire?
Khanate of the Golden Horde, in Russia and Eastern Europe; the Ilkhanate in the Middle East;
the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia; and the Khanate of the Great Khan in Mongolia, China
and East Asia.
What was Kublai Khan able to accomplish that no one else had 300 years prior to him?
Capture and unit China
How was Clovis responsible for bringing Christianity to the Franks?
His wife was a Christian and he became a Christian after winning in battle and was baptized upon
his return.
What is a fief? What was it given in exchange for?
A fief is a land grant given to a vassal in exchange for military service
Knights were expected to defend what 3 masters?
Pope, king, his lady
Knights most commonly traded military service for what?
Land or money
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What is canon law?
Laws that deal with issues under the authority of the Church
How did Charlemagne build such a great empire?
He introduced a jury system, encouraged education, expanded his empire through war, used local
governments, standardized money and created a Christian kingdom as a secular ruler
What agreement or exchange was made between a lord and a vassal?
lords divided their land holdings among lesser lords, vassals, in exchange for their loyalty
Why was an interdict an effective weapon for the church against a king?
The Pope could control a king’s behavior by refusing church sacraments and Christian burials
How did the Concordat of Worms solve the power struggle between the Church and the Holy Roman
Empire?
It settled the debate over lay investiture and recognized the right of the Church to appoint its own
bishops and not the state.
Who was the first king to be crowned emperor by the Pope?
Charlemagne
What is the difference between feudalism and the manor system?
Feudalism was a social order, hierarchy, and the manor system was the economic arrangement
that supported feudalism.
List 3 groups of invaders that attacked Western Europe from 800-1000 AD?
Muslims, Magyars, Vikings
What was the significance of Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours?
It stopped the Muslim’s advancement into Western Europe and was a victory for Christianity
What war did Richard the Lionhearted lead?
The 3rd Crusade
Pope Urban II call for Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks resulted in what
series of wars? Crusades, The Holy Wars
Why did the English nobility force King John to sign the Magna Carta?
The people demanded constitutional law and a more democratic approach to government
How did the bubonic plague contribute to the collapse of medieval society?
It brought about disruption in trade because of decreases in population, and production of food
and goods. Little law enforcement and shortage of labor led to riots and revolts.
Why was the Battle of Hastings significant for William the Conqueror?
He took control of England after the victory
Which battle of the Crusades resulted in a victory for the Christians?
1st Crusade
Why was Parliament divided into 2 houses? List the 2 houses.
It began when landowners began taking grievances to Parliament and later wanted
representation. House of Commons and House of Lords
Who fought the 100 Years War? What was the result?
Series of wars between England and France that resulted in loss of population, famine, plague,
Why was Joan of Arc accused of heresy?
They accused her of sorcery because she said she received visions from God
Who was Yaroslav the Wise? How did he get his name?
Russian czar who established military and legal reforms and promoted Christianity