Supplementary Material
BioEnergy Research
Selective production of levoglucosenone from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass
mechanically mixed with solid phosphoric acid catalysts
Zhi-bo Zhang · Qiang Lu · Xiao-ning Ye · Ti-peng Wang · Xian-hua Wang · Chang-qing Dong
Z.B. Zhang · Q. Lu () · X.N. Ye · T.P. Wang · C.Q. Dong
National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric
Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Tel: +86-10-61772063; Fax: +86-10-61772032(801); e-mail: qianglu@mail.ustc.edu.cn
X.H. Wang
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
430074, China
Fig. S1 shows the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of the SBA-15 and the SPA prepared from it. Fig.
S2 gives their small-angle and wide-angle XRD patterns. The isotherm of the SBA-15 illustrated
typical irreversible type IV adsorption isotherms with a H1 hysteresis loop. The small-angle XRD
pattern of the SBA-15 exhibited three distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ=0.92°, 1.55° and 1.78°,
representing a 2D hexagonal mesostructure with space group p6 mm, agreed well the XRD pattern
reported for SBA-15. The SPA catalyst had similar isotherm and small-angel XRD pattern as the
SBA-15, indicating it retained the ordered mesoporous structure during the post pretreatment process.
It is seen that the three diffraction peaks of the SPA all shifted to higher 2θ degrees, which might be
attributed to the constriction of the frameworks. Moreover, according to the wide-angle XRD patterns,
both the SBA-15 and SPA only exhibited a broad diffuse peak of the amorphous SiO2.
Fig. S1 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of the SBA-15 and the SPA prepare from it
Fig. S2 Small-angle and wide-angle XRD patterns of the SBA-15 and the SPA prepared from it
Fig. S3 Typical ion chromatograms from catalytic fast pyrolysis of poplar wood with different carriers
Fig. S4 Typical ion chromatograms from non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis of LG, LGO and
HMF using the SPA prepared from SBA-15
(1) MF; (2) 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde; (3) 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde; (4) HMF
Fig. S5 Effects of H3PO4 concentration on the total peak area of all the detected products as well as the
peak area and peak area% of LGO
Fig. S6 Typical ion chromatograms from SPA-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulose with alkali lignin and/or
poplar wood ash at 300°C using the SPA catalyst prepared from SBA-15
(a) 0.20 mg cellulose + 0.20 mg SPA; (b) 0.20 mg cellulose + 0.10 mg alkali lignin + 0.20 mg SPA; (c)
0.20 mg cellulose + 0.02 mg poplar wood ash + 0.20 mg SPA; (d) 0.20 mg cellulose + 0.10 mg alkali
lignin + 0.02 mg poplar wood ash + 0.20 mg SPA
Table S1 The LGO yields from catalytic fast pyrolysis of poplar wood with different
catalyst-to-biomass ratios
Catalyst-to-biomass ratio
0.1
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.5
2
3
LGO yield (wt%)
0.3
4.3
7.2
7.7
8.2
7.5
6.7
5.5
Table S2 The LGO yields from catalytic fast pyrolysis of poplar wood with different H3PO4
concentrations
H3PO4 concentration (wt%)
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
15.0
20.0
LGO yield (wt%)
5.4
7.5
6.7
6.2
5.9
5.7