Additional file 1 Details of radio-collaring studies conducted/ongoing in India from 1983 to 2013
Total studies
82
Species
MAMMALS
Tiger
Panthera tigris
Species
47
Duration
Collar type
(Manufacturer)
Colla
rs
Anima
ls
Study reference
Nagarhole National
Park
Panna Tiger Reserve
1990 –
1995
1996 –
2002
2004 –
2009
2007 –
2010
VHF (Telonics)
4
4
[1]
VHF (Telonics)
10
7
[2]
VHF, GPS-VHF, Argos only
(Telonics, Habit)
VHF, GPS-VHF (Wildlife
Materials, Habit)
10
10
[3]
3
3
Pench Tiger Reserve
2007 –
2011
5
4
Sariska Tiger Reserve
2008 –
ongoing
VHF, GPS-VHF, GPS-Argos
(Telonics, Habit,
Vectronics)
VHF, Argos only
(Telonics, Lotek)
6
5
Panna Tiger Reserve
2009 –
ongoing
3
3
Sunderban Tiger
Reserve
2010 –
ongoing
VHF, GPS-VHF, GPS-UHF,
GPS-Argos (African
Wildlife Tracking,
Telonics)
GPS- Iridium (Vectronics)
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
K Ramesh,
unpublished
data†
3
3
Brahmapuri Forest
Division, Maharashtra
Gir National Park
2011-12
GPS-GSM (Vectronics)
1
1
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
[4]
1989 –
1990
2002 –
2009
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
4
4
[5]
VHF, GPS-UHF, GPS –
Iridium (Telonics,
Wildlife Materials,
Vectronics, Habit)
VHF (Telonics)
10
9
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
3
3
[1]
VHF (Telonics)
5
5
[6]
VHF (Telonics)
2
2
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
[7]
Ranthambore Tiger
Reserve
Gir National Park
Leopard Panthera
pardus
Total collars used
496
Place
Kanha Tiger Reserve
Asiatic lion
Panthera leo persica
Total animals collared
483
Nagarhole National
Park
Gir National Park
Sariska National Park
1990 –
1992
2003 –
2007
2008 –
ongoing
Nasik Forest Circle,
Maharashtra
Dachigam National
Park
2009 –
2010
2012 –
ongoing
GPS-GSM (Vectronics)
5
5
GPS-UHF (Vectronics)
3
3
Snow leopard
Panthera uncia
Clouded leopard
Neofelis nebulosa
Hemis National Park
1989 –
1990
2010
VHF (Telonics)
1
1
VHF (Telonics)
1
1
Jungle cat
Felis chaus
Smooth coated
otter
Lutrogale
perspicillata
Brown palm civet
Paradoxurus jerdoni
Karnakwas, near
Sariska Tiger Reserve
National Chambal
Sanctuary
1989
VHF (Telonics)
1
1
Wildlife Trust of
India,
unpublished data
[9]
1990 –
1992
VHF-Implant (Telonics)
4
4
[10]
KalakadMundanthurai Tiger
Reserve
Kachchh, Gujarat
1998 –
1999
VHF (AVM Instruments)
7
7
[11]
1999 –
2000
VHF (Telonics)
4
4
GIB Sanctuary
Maharashtra
2002 –
2005
VHF (Telonics)
5
5
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
[12]
Indian wolf
Canis lupus
Manas National Park
1
B Habib,
unpublished
data†
[8]
Wild dog
Cuon alpinus
Jackal
Canis aureus
Pench Tiger Reserve
Indian fox
Vulpes bengalensis
GIB Sanctuary
Maharashtra
Kachchh, Gujarat
Hyena
Hyaena hyaena
Sloth bear
Melursus ursinus
Asiatic black bear
Ursus thibetanus
Asiatic elephant
Elephas maximus
2002 –
2004
1991
2000 –
2002
2006 –
2007
2007 –
2011
2002
VHF (Telonics)
3
3
[13]
VHF (Not available)
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
1
6
1
6
[14]
[15]
VHF (Advanced
Telemetry Systems)
VHF (Telonics, Habit)
36
36
[16]
12
12
[17]
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
1
1
Nasik Forest Circle,
Maharashtra
2002
VHF (Vectronics)
1
1
Panna Tiger Reserve
1996 –
2000
1999 –
2002
2009 –
ongoing
2011 –
ongoing
VHF (Telonics)
9
9
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
YV Jhala,
unpublished
data†
[18]
VHF (Telonics)
3
3
[19]
GPS-Argos (Telonics)
6
6
[20]
VHF (Telonics)
2
2
1985 1990
1986 –
1988
1986 –
1988
1990 1992
1995 –
1997
1996 –
1999
2001 –
2003
2011 –
ongoing
VHF (Not available)
6
6
Wildlife Trust of
India,
unpublished data
[21]
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
1
1
[22]
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
4
4
[23]
VHF (Not Available)
2
2
[24]
VHF (Telonics)
6
6
[25]
VHF (Telonics)
8
8
[26]
VHF, Argos only
(Telonics)
GPS-Argos (Telonics)
8
7
[27]
2
2
Manas National Park
2009
VHF (Telonics)
3
3
Wildlife Trust of
India,
unpublished data
[28]
Ranthambore
National Park
Sariska Tiger Reserve
2008 –
2010
19901991
VHF (Telonics)
6
6
[29]
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
2
2
Panna Tiger Reserve
1996 –
2002
19901991
VHF (Telonics)
5
5
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
[2]
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
2
2
1996 –
2002
19901991
VHF (Telonics)
2
2
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
1
1
Panna National Park
2005
VHF (Habit)
1
1
Hemis National Park
1994 –
1995
1998 2000
VHF (Telonics)
7
7
[30]
VHF (Telonics)
3
3
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
Kanha Tiger Reserve
Bhal, Gujarat
Kachchh, Gujarat
North Bilaspur Forest
Division, Chhatisgarh
Dachigam National
Park
Pakke Tiger Reserve
Mudumalai Wildlife
Sanctuary
Rajaji National Park
Rajaji National Park
Rajaji National Park
Buxa-Jaldapara Tiger
Reserve
Rajaji National Park
Buxa-Jaldapara Tiger
Reserve
Manas National Park
One-horned
rhinoceros
Rhinoceros unicornis
Wild pig
Sus scrofa
Sambar
Rusa unicolor
Chital
Axis axis
Sariska Tiger Reserve
Panna Tiger Reserve
Nilgai
Boselaphus
tragocamelus
Four-Horned
Antelope
Tetracerus
quadricornis
Himalayan ibex
Capra ibex
Gaur
Bos gaurus
Sariska Tiger Reserve
Pench Tiger Reserve
2
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
[2]
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
Bombay Natural
History Society,
unpublished data
Bhandavgarh
National Park
2011 –
Ongoing
VHF , GPS- Argos
(Telonics)
27
27
Indian wild ass
Equs hemionus khur
Malabar spiny
dormouse
Platacanthomys
lasiurus
Indian flying fox
Pteropus giganteus
Little Rann of Kutch
VHF (Telonics)
2
2
Peppara Wildlife
Sanctuary
19901991
2002 –
2005
K Sankar,
unpublished
data†
[31]
VHF (Telonics)
4
4
[32]
Doon Valley,
Uttarakhand
1985 1989
VHF (Telonics)
6
6
Slender loris
Loris tardigradus
KalakadMundanthurai Tiger
Reserve
2002 –
2003
Not available
33
33
SP Goyal,
unpublished
data†
[33]
Shimla Hills,
Himachal Pradesh
1990
VHF (Biotrack)
10
10
[34]
Keoladeo National
Park
Rann of Kutch
1994
PTT (Nippon)
3
3
[35]
1999 –
2001
1999-2000
PTT (Nippon)
3
3
[36]
PTT (Nippon)
2
2
[37]
2010
PTT (Telonics)
4
4
[38]
2012 –
Ongoing
PTT (Telonics)
2
2
AVES
White crested kalij
Lophura
leucomelanos
Eurasian crane
Grus grus
Bar-headed geese
Anser indicus
Keoladeo National
Park
Sur Sarovar Bird
Sanctuary
Gharana, Jammu and
Kashmir
Swamp francolin
Francolinus gularis
Satyr tragopan
Tragopan satyra
Western tragopan
Tragopan
melanocephalus
Grey francolin
Francolinus
pondicerianus
Black francolin
Francolinus
francolinus
Red-wattled
lapwing
Vanellus indicus
Dudwa National Park
1998
Not available
13
13
SA Hussain,
unpublished
data†
[39]
Singhalila National
Park
Great Himalayan
National Park
Not
available
1999
Not available
1
1
[40]
VHF (Biotrack)
1
1
[41]
Yamuna Plains,
Haryana
2002 –
2003
VHF (Local made)
5
5
[42]
Yamuna Plains,
Haryana
2002 –
2003
VHF (Local made)
6
6
[43]
Sri Lankamleswara
Wildlife sanctuary
2002 –
2008
VHF (Not available)
3
3
Bombay Natural
History Society,
unpublished data
Pallid harrier
Circus macrourus
Gadwall
Anas strepera
Velavadar National
Park
Sur Sarovar Bird
Sanctuary
2008
PTT (Not available)
1
1
[44]
2010
PTT (Telonics)
1
1
Bombay Natural
History Society,
unpublished data
National Chambal
Sanctuary
National Chambal
Sanctuary
Various Locations on
East Coast
Various Locations on
East Coast and Sri
Lanka
Western Ghats
1983 –
1984
2009 –
2010
2001
VHF (Wildlife Materials)
12
12
[45]
VHF (Advanced
Telemetry Systems)
PTT (Sirtrack)
10
10
[46]
4
4
[47]
2007 –
2010
PTT (Sirtrack)
69
69
[48]
2007 –
2009
2008 –
2010
VHF (AVM Instruments)
11
6
[49]
VHF (AVM Instruments)
6
5
[49]
2008 –
VHF (Holohil Ltd.)
2
2
[50]
REPTILES
Gharial
Gavialis gangetics
Olive ridley turtles
Lepidochelys olivacea
Cane turtle
Vijaychelys silvatica
Travancore
tortoise
Indotestudo
travancorica
King cobra
Western Ghats
Agumbe Forest,
3
Ophiophagus hannah
Green turtle
Chelonia mydas
Karnataka
East coast
2010
2010
PTT (Sirtrack)
1
1
Green turtle
Chelonia mydas
Leatherback sea
turtle
Dermochelys
coriacea
PISCES
Whale shark
Rhincodon typus
Sri Lankan coast
2010
PTT (Sirtrack)
1
1
Andaman and
Nicobar islands
2011
PTT (Not available)
3
3
West coast, Gujarat
2011
PTT (Wildlife Computers)
1
1
TREE
Foundation,
unpublished data
[48]
K Shanker,
unpublished data
‡
Wildlife Trust of
India,
unpublished data
GSM, global system for mobile communication; GPS, global positioning system; PTT, platform terminal transmitter; UHF, ultra-high
frequency; VHF, very high frequency. † Project implemented by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. ‡ Project implemented by
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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