Toni Massó
Sistemas d’informació
The Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is a website that is characterized by the ability of obtaining, in an
extraordinary way, the information enabling any user to find what they are looking for
quickly and easy.
Through a common infrastructure and using the large amount of semantic has been
possible to share much more information and transfer processes in a much more easy
way.
When the Internet appears the way people had to communicate changed totally, and
nowadays is normal that anyone can transfer information with everyone, at any time,
regardless of our location or our language.
However there have been problems such as information overload and heterogeneity of
information sources with the difficulty of operating in such information.
Now assume that the website is able to have the knowledge of user preferences, using
combinations of knowledge and information available on the Internet. To be able to
find, for example, stocks, flight, doctors, books you want.
With the Semantic Web we would meet very specific results, without the need to
discard information that we need, using the semantic search engine. The geographic
location from where the user issues the question is detected, and all the concepts we ask
for, for example morning acquire particular significance is calculated by looking at the
concept day today.
This site uses the information available in a much more efficient than current web, then
also get a much faster and easier the desired information.
Application of the semantic web
1. Freebase It's an open database, anyone can enter new data in Freebase. The
founder is Danny Hills and he compromises that its open and contains all kind of
data in it.
2. Powerset is a natural language search engine that can make ‘semantic
connections’ that aim the meaning and extracts knowledge.
3. Twine automatically learns about you and your interests as you populate it with
content - a "Semantic Graph". When you put in new data, Twine picks out and
tags certain content with semantic tags.
4. AdaptiveBlue a new version of their SmartLinks, which allows web site
publishers to add semantically, charged links to their site.
5. Hakia provide the 'meaningful' search results. Analyse the concept of a search
query, in particular by doing sentence analysis.
6. Talis platform that it enables developers to create apps that allow for sharing,
remixing and re-using data.
7. TrueKnowledge combines natural language analysis, an internal knowledge
base and external databases to offer immediate answers to various questions.
Toni Massó
Sistemas d’informació
Articles
The Semantic Web: Fundamentals and A Brief State-of-the-Art:
According to Luis Sánchez-Fernández and Norberto Fernández-García fundamental
components of the Semantic Web and its state-of-the-art: semantic annotation, ontologies, and
logical reasoning. The Semantic Web vision is a source of great controversy among its
supporters and detractors. The latter believe that it will never become a reality. However,
applications and prototypes based on Semantic Web technologies are beginning to appear. They
are convinced that in the near future the technologies being developed will make for a more
automated, more user –friendly, and more efficient use of the Web.
Leveraging Metadata Creation by Annotation for The Semantic Web
Siegfried Handschuh said that the success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy
creation of ontology-based metadata by semantic annotation. We provide a framework,
CREAM, that allows for the creation of semantic metadata about static and dynamic. The main
contributions made by this work are the design of a comprehensive and pioneering annotation
framework that reduces the complexity of Semantic Annotation for the annotator.
The Quest for Information Retrieval on The Semantic Web
David Vallet-Weadon, Miriam Fernández-Sánchez, and Pablo Castells-Azpilicueta wrote an
article that tells us that the semantic search has been one of the motivations of the Semantic
Web since it was envisioned. They propose a model for the exploitation of ontology-based KBs
(Knowledge Bases) to improve search over large document repositories. The retrieval model is
based on an adaptation of the classic vector-space model, including an annotation weighting
algorithm, and a ranking algorithm.
They show that it is possible to develop a consistent ranking algorithm on this basis, yielding
measurable improvements with respect to keyword-based search, subject to the quality and
critical mass of metadata. Recent research on these areas is yielding promising results
Functional RuIeML: From Horn Logic with Equality to Lambda Calculus
Harold Boley is the autor of the article that explains us that Functions are introduced to RuleML
(Rule Markup Language) via orthogonal dimension and this enables functional logic
programming for the Semantic Web. However, a semantics-oriented validation tool will be
required for future attributes any, and this the autor propose that such a static-analysis tool
should be develped to make fine grained distinctions for all 'semantic' attributes.
Towards Semantic Desktop Wikis
Malte Kiesel and Leo Sauermann, manage information on a personal computer, tools are needed
that allow easy entering of new knowledge and that can relate ideas and concepts to existing
information. Wikis allow entering information in a quick and easy way. They can be employed
for both collaborative and personal information management. They propose combining
information represented using Semantic Web standards with the simple information
management known from wikis. Semantic Wikis will allow a combination of best breeds: the
ease of authoring content known from wikis and the explicit semantic information of the
Semantic Web.
Towards Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities
Uldis Bojars, John G. Breslin, Andreas Harth, and Stefan Decker wrote about Online
community sites have replaced the traditional means of keeping a community informed via
libraries and publishing. At present, online communities are islands that are not interlinked.
Ontologies and Semantic Web technologies offer an upgrade path to providing more complex
services.
Toni Massó
Sistemas d’informació
They have provided an upgrade path that allows a gradual migration from existing systems to
semantically enabled sites. For combination with other ontologies, we have presented mappings
to and from SIOC that allow the export and import of SIOC data using existing systems and
tools. They have developed prototype SIOC exporters for a weblog engine and a content
management system, with several more in development.
A Semantic Search Engine for the International Relation Sector
Luis Rodrigo-Aguado, V. Richard Benjamins, Jesús Contreras-Cino, Diego-Javier PatónVillahermosa, David Navarro-Arnao, Robert Salla-Figuerol, Mercedes Blázquez-Cívico, Pilar
Tena-García, and Isabel Martos-Laborde are a prestigious independent political Spanish
institute whose mission is to comment on the geo-political situation in the world focusing on its
relation to Spain. As part of its dissemination strategy it operates a public website. In this paper
we present and evaluate the application of a semantic search engine to improve access to the
Institute’s informational content: instead of retrieving documents based on user queries of
keywords, the system accepts queries in natural language and returns answers rather than links
to documents.
A semantic search engine for a closed domain was presented. The figures of the evaluation are
promising, as more than 60% of the spontaneous questions are understood and correctly
answered when they belong to the application domain.
Semantic Search in Digital Image Archives: A Case Study
The authors Julio Villena-Román, José-Carlos González-Cristóbal, Cristina Moreno-García, and
José- Luis Martínez- Fernández describes a commercial project which applying the concepts put
forward by the Semantic Web in order to improve image search in a website for selling
photographs through the Internet. The specific problem addressed here concerns techniques for
the semiautomatic creation of thesauri and the normalization of image descriptors from a
previous set of labels showing free keywords with partial morphological expansion. The final
system allows the users to make queries that are structured according to the usual criteria in the
image archive market. All those linguistic make it possible to transform a query, expressed
either in natural language or with keywords, into normalized terms used in the indexes, with an
efficient, fully automatic process of analysis, checking and semantic expansion.
Configuring e-Government Services Using Ontologies
Dimitris Apostolou, Ljiljana Stojanovic, Tomás Pariente-Lobo, Joan Batlle-Montserrat, and
Andreas E. Papadakis say that the increasing complexity of e-Government services demands a
correspondingly larger effort for management. Today, many system management tasks, such as
service verification and re-configuration due to changes in the law, are often performed
manually.
The benefits of utilizing ontologies in the configuration of e-Government services include the
ability to perform consistency checks
An Educational Modernization Initiative: The Ponte dos Brozos Project
Simón Neira-Dueñas and Felipe Gómez-Pallete Rivas tells us that he technical solutions
adopted by the Amancio Ortega Foundation for the development of an educational change
project involving three public education centers in Arteixo (A Coruña, Spain). This is a pilot
project. Thus, in terms of its technical, organizational and economic aspects, the final result is
an educational modernization model that could be replicated by any public agency or private
organization.