EXPRESING POSSIBILITY and PROBABILITY – present
Vyjadrovanie možnosti a pravdepodobnosti v prítomnosti
Niektoré modálne slovesá v angličtine vyjadrujú pravdepodobnosť deja.
Must (určite, isto iste)
could/ may/ might (asi, možno)
can´t (určite nie)
Za modálnym slovesom nasleduje neurčitok bez “to”
Probability
You must be hungry. (určite si)
This answer can`t be right. (určite nie je)
Possibility
I don`t know where he is. He could / may / might be in the library. (Perhaps he is..asi, možno, snáď.)
That may not / might not be a bad idea. (Perhaps it isn`t, asi nie …)
- prebiehanie deja vyjadruje priebehový neurčitok “be + -ing”
She can`t be watching TV, she must be preparing for his exam. (určite nepozerá TV, určite sa pripravuje
na skúšku)
He might be cutting the grass. (Perhaps he is cutting, - možno …)
EXPRESING POSSIBILITY and PROBABILITY – past
Vyjadrovanie možnosti a pravdepodobnosti v minulosti
Za modálnym slovesom nasleduje minulý neurčitok “have+ past participle”
Probability
Your shoes must have been expensive. (určite boli)
She can`t have seen me. (určite nevidela)
Possibility
She might have got lost. (Perhaps she got lost.)
They could have missed the bus. (Perhaps they missed...)
- prebiehanie deja vyjadruje minulý priebehový neurčitok “have been + -ing”
They must have been joking.
He can`t have been having a bath when you rang.
He could have been lying to you.
Note
He could have helped you. (but he didn`t; mohol, ale nepomohol – výčitka)
You should have played better. (mal si, ale si nehral – výčitka)
I should have brought you flowers (mal som, ale som to nerobil)
You shouldn`t have opened her letter. (nemal si, ale si otvoril – výčitka)
Asking about possibilities
Question forms with modal verbs are
unusual
‘Do you think she`s married?’
‘Where do you think he`s from?’
‘She can`t be.’
‘He might be Spanish or Portuguese.’
SO DO I! NEITHER DO I!
Statement
‘I`m wearing jeans.’
‘I can swim.’
‘I like ice-cream.’
‘I went out.’
‘I `ve been to Paris.’
‘I don`t like mik.’
‘I can`t drive a car.’
‘I haven`t been to Rome.’
Agreeing
Aj ja
Ani ja
Disagreeing
‘So am I. / I am, too. / Me too.’
‘So can I. / I can, too. / Me too.’
‘So do I. / I do, too. / Me too.’
‘So did I. / I did, too. / Me too.’
‘So have I. / I have, too. / Me too.’
Ja nie
‘I`m not.’
‘I can`t.’
‘I don`t.’
‘I didn`t.’
‘I haven`t.’
‘Neither do I. / I don`t either. / Me neither.’
‘Neither can I. / I can`t either. / Me neither.’
Neither have I. I haven`t either. / Me neither.’
Ja áno
‘I do.’
‘I can.’
‘I have.’