SMAART
Sophisticated Mobile Application using Augmented Reality Technology
TECHNICAL REPORT
SPRING 2011
Instructor:
Dr.Kwok-Bun Yue
Mentor:
Mr.Dilhar De Silva
Project Team Members:
Nithin Kumar Dudde
Manoj Gidda
Shivani Kovvuri
Srikanth Inapurapu
Srikanth Majji (Team Leader)
Report Date:
29 April 2011
Sophisticated Mobile Application using Augmented Reality Technology
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take an immense pleasure in expressing our sincere thanks to our instructor, Dr. Kwok Bun
Yue, for providing us with valuable feedback throughout the capstone project. We really
appreciate his advice, support, and feedback.
We are very much grateful to our mentor, Mr. Dilhar De Silva, for his inspiring guidance and
advice throughout our project. Mr. Dilhar De Silva has been the inspiration and was always up
front to motivate and encourage us for bringing out our project successfully. We would like to
thank him for his excellent technical expertise, guidance, support, and time.
Finally we extend our thanks to each of our families, who gave us encouragement whenever we
had a tough time.
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ABSTRACT
In today’s world, mobile applications are triggering a fundamental shift in the way people
experience computing and use mobile. The explosive growth in smartphones in the last three
years facilitated the development of hundreds of thousands of mobile applications that promised
to fundamentally change how people use the Web. Our mentor, Mr. Dilhar De Silva, CEO of
AtLinks Communications, was interested in developing an android mobile prototype application
using augmented reality technology.
The overall goal of the project is to develop an Android-based augmented reality (AR) mobile
application through which images and text can be placed on top of the objects of the phone
camera view based on the geo-location of the objects detected by the phone. For example, using
this application, administrative user can place the schedule of the event at a particular geo-code
(latitude and longitude) on a server by using a web application and the mobile users can open the
mobile application on android phone to view the augmented image of schedule overlying on
camera’s view. Mobile user can also download the schedule into their mobile phones by
providing their login credentials.
To provide the necessary AR functionality, our team developed and used a metric to study about
AR API’s and selected QUALCOMM API for pattern based augmentation, and WIKITUDE API
for geo-code based augmentation.
This project was carried out in accordance with Rational Unified Process (RUP), using Scrum
process. The process went iteratively and incrementally delivering sprints and finally delivering
the end product. The project will be documented using UML 2.0.
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CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
ABSTRACT
3
1.
5
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
5
1.2 Overview
5
2.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MODEL
8
3.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
10
3.1 Architecture diagram:
10
4.
TECHNICAL DETAILS
12
5.
Technical Challenges and Lessons Learnt
13
5.1 Selection of Android Mobile phone
13
5.2 Selection of Augmented Reality Browser/Engine
13
6.
CONCLUSION
14
7.
FUTURE WORK
15
8.
REFERENCES
15
9.
APPENDICES
16
Appendix A: Project Management and Team Information
16
Appendix B: Major Tasks and Contributions
17
Appendix C: Software Requirements Specification
18
Appendix D: Database Design Schema
22
Appendix E: Use case and Sequence Diagrams
25
Appendix F: Screenshots of Client Side and Server Side
35
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
The goal of our capstone project is to develop an Android-based augmented reality (AR) mobile
application through which images and text can be placed on top of the objects of the phone
camera view based on the geo-location of the objects detected by the phone. It will also develop
a server-side web application where users can place graphical image at a specific geocode
(location) using Google Maps.
1.2 Overview
In today’s business and educational world, every industry and educational institutions wants to
share any specific information at lightning speed. This may be a part of manufacturing industries
promoting their new product, or shopping malls and restaurants promoting their new discount
offers, or educational institutions announcing on-campus job vacancies and any special events
etc. In the existing system, manufacturing industries does these promotions by displaying the
new product details on big hoardings or by advertising it on Television. Shopping malls and
restaurants promote their discount offers and by adding pamphlets in the daily news paper.
Students of university have an only option of reaching the special event place to obtain the
schedule of it.
However the existing system of sharing the specific information to people has several drawbacks
1) Cost factor in case of advertising on TV and displaying large hoardings.
2) Pamphlets outmoded - Majority of the news paper readers are more interested on reading
news rather than the pamphlets added in it.
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3) Students would not know the schedule of an event unless they reach the place and also
printing schedule brochures would add an extra budget to the event.
In today’s world of technology, internet is one of the most important technological
breakthroughs of the 20th century along with the mobile computing. “According to the results of
a recent online survey conducted by IBM, television sets are losing ground to the internet when it
comes to personal leisure time”[6]. These kinds of promotions and advertising based on the
existing systems mentioned above are reaching to very less people.
As the growth of internet and mobile users are growing day by day, all the mobile carrier
services are offering smart phones to them at low prices possible with a contract based. Our
mentor Mr. Dilhar De Silva wants us to build a mobile application on android using augmented
reality technology to overcome the above drawbacks by targeting all the android mobile users as
an initiative step.
SMAART, an android-based augmented reality technology application makes android mobile
phone users life easier in finding the information they looking for. Rather going to the places in
person, an android mobile phone owner can download an augmented reality application/software
that uses the phone's camera and GPS capabilities to gather information about the surrounding
area. For example, if the user selects restaurants from the categories available, it shows
information (order menu and discount offers) about restaurants in the area, overlaying this
information on the phone's screen. You can even point the phone at a building, and it will tell
you if any companies in that building are hiring by displaying a text image on your mobile
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phone. Aiming the camera towards the educational institution would fetch the mobile user with
an event schedule overlying on the phone’s screen.
The server side web application shall have a web based interface which uses Google Maps API
to aid administrative users to place the images at specific geo-code locations. Using sensor
services such as GPS, the mobile application shall get the current geo-code (latitude and
Longitude).The current geo-code (latitude and Longitude) of the device along with user selection
of categories and the radius (distance user wants to find places within) is sent to server to figure
out if any images have been placed in the virtual world. The images that are augmented are
displayed through the camera of the device. The mobile users then should be able to download
and store the image augmented onto the device.
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2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MODEL
We used Rational Unified Process (RUP) as the software development model. It provides a
disciplined approach to assign tasks and responsibilities within a development organization. The
goal of RUP is to ensure the production of high-quality software that meets the needs of its endusers, within a predictable schedule and budget.
Fig 1: RUP phases
RUP has a project lifecycle that consists four phases.

Inception: In the inception phase, the team met with Mr. Dilhar De Silva and gathered
all the requirements. One of the requirements of our project is researching on different
AR browsers and selecting the best open source browser that suites our project. We have
selected Qualcomm API for pattern recognition and Wikitude API for geo-location. The
team developed a basic use case diagram depending upon the requirements. Our team
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also made research on different kinds of android mobile phones and chose the Dell Streak
for our project. We have also learnt about the Android SDK by dividing it into sections
and later explained it each other. The team worked for almost three weeks in the
inception phase.

Elaboration: In the elaboration phase, we have revised the basic use case diagram. The
team developed sequence diagrams as well. The team also designed a high level
architecture diagram showing the flow of communication between the client and server.
The team worked for four weeks in the elaboration phase.

Construction: The construction phase was almost seven weeks. The team learnt new
technologies like Android SDK, Qualcomm API, and Wikitude API. We have divided the
team into two groups. One group working on server side and other group working on the
client side. As we have divided the work, we were able to work independently and
complete the project on time.

Transition: During the transition phase, the team performed some tests to verify the
project requirements. The prototype was demonstrated to Mr. Dilhar De Silva to validate
that the project met the end users’ expectations. The team worked for two weeks on
transition phase.
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3. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Architecture diagram:
The architecture diagram shows the working of the project in detail. Images uploaded on to the
server by authorized user will be stored on the database as shown in the diagram below. Client
side mobile application receives the images from the server to augment it on the mobiles camera.
The technical details of the project are explained in next section.
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The communications between the client, server and database is explained
Communication between Client & Server:
1. On the Android phone, the user shall select the category to view his required choice of
images or text overlying on camera’s view by clicking on categories menu button.
2. A mobile user shall set the radius (maximum distance to consider from the current geocode) to display the requested category of images with in the distance of radius.
3. The current geo-code, along with selected categories and radius is sent to the server as a
HTTP request.
4. The client application receives all the images of user-selected categories within the userdefined radius as an XML file from the server.
5. Once the augmented images are displayed on the camera’s view, user can select an image
for download, which in turn requests for mobile user login credentials.
6. Once the mobile user provides the login information, server authenticates the user and
then he/she would be able to download the image on to the device on a successful login.
Communication between Server & Database:
1. When authorized users provide login credentials to logon to web application, the server
checks with the database to authenticate them.
2. Whenever an authorized user adds an image along with the image name and description
on the server side application at a specific geo-code, it is stored in to the database.
3. When a HTTP request with geo-code, informational categories and radius are received
from client application, the server checks with the database to find images of the
categories within a certain radius.
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4. TECHNICAL DETAILS
This section explains the various technologies we used to develop this application.
Mobile Application (Client Side):
The Client side application was implemented using Java on Android 2.2 platform. We have used
WIKITUDE API for augmenting images on camera view based on geo-code. We have used
QUALCOMM API for augmenting image on camera view based on pattern recognition. We
have also used Google Maps API on client side and placed markers on server-specific geo-codes.
Web Application (Server Side):
The Server side web application was implemented using Java server pages for user interface and
MySql for the database. We have used Google Maps API to place the marker and add images
with description at user-specific geo-code.
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5. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNT
5.1 Selection of Android Mobile phone
The first challenge the team had was, determining what Android phone to use for the project.
The team gathered all the requirements of the project to determine the required functionalities of
android phone. The team determined that, an android phone supporting a Qualcomm API and
GPS would be the most reliable for the application. The team has done good research and
selected some android phones which have satisfied the requirements criteria. By comparing the
chosen android phones based on certain metrics, the team has decided Dell Streak 5 will satisfy
the requirements of the project. The Dell Streak 5 has a built-in Qualcomm chip and GPS which
would be used both for pattern recognition and geo-code based augmentation. Both mentor and
instructor have agreed and recommended our selection of android phone.
5.2 Selection of Augmented Reality Browser/Engine
Another challenge the team had was determining the best AR browser/engine for the project. AR
browser/engine is used to augment images or text on top of the objects of camera’s view in our
project. The team has done research on it and come across many AR browsers/engines. Based on the
metrics, the team has compared all the AR browsers/engines and found Qualcomm API is best
suitable for a pattern-based augmentation. Qualcomm API is an open sourced API and does not
augment images based on the geo-code; it augments images based on pattern recognition. The team
has determined Wikitude API as the best AR browser in augmenting images based on the geocode.
Wikitude API is an open sourced browser and it is very well documented.
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6. CONCLUSION
Our team was successful in completing all the requirements that were specified, even though the
concept of augmented reality was entirely new for all our team members. In the process of
completing this project, we were able to learn various new technologies. Learning all these new
technologies and providing a working prototype in the short aggressive schedule was
challenging. The team enjoyed working with the mentors and getting the opportunity to learn
from this project. Overall, we had good experience working on the capstone project.
7. FUTURE WORK
In future, performance of the application (SMAART) can be improved using WIKITUDE API to
augment images on camera based on geo-location. SMAART, an augmented reality based
android application has also been able to augment images on camera using a basic pattern
recognition with the help of Qualcomm API. There is lot of scope to enhance on pattern
recognition based augmentation in this application.
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8. REFERENCES
[1]. IBM Rational Software. "Rational Unified Process : Best Practices for Software
Development Teams." IBM DeveloperWorks: Rational. January 10, 2003.
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/content/03July/1000/1251/1251_bestpracti
ces_TP026B.pdf
[2]. Benismobile (November 23, 2010). Comparing AR browsers. Retrieved from
http://mobilegeo.wordpress.com/2010/11/23/comparing-ar-browsers/ for comparing different AR
browsers.
[3]. Learning about Qualcomm API
https://ar.qualcomm.com/qdevnet/developer_guide
[4]. Information about Android fundamentals
http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html
[5]. Basic knowledge about Augmented Reality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality
[6]. Survey between Television and Internet
http://www.bit-tech.net/news/2007/08/23/tv_vs_the_internet_internet_wins/1
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9. APPENDICES
Appendix A: Project Management and Team Information
 Srikanth Majji: Team Leader, Research Analyst, Developer, Database Administrator
 Srikanth Inapurapu: Software Designer, Developer
 Shivani Kovvuri: Software Designer, Technical writer, Webmaster
 Nithin Kumar Dudde: Software Designer, Developer, Webmaster
 Manoj Gidda: Research Analyst, Technical writer
Project schedule:
Week
Week 1
Week 2
Date
01/20/2011
01/25/2011
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
02/01/2011
02/08/2011
02/15/2011
02/22/2011
03/01/2011
03/08/2011
03/15/2011
03/22/2011
03/29/2011
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
Week 15
04/05/2011
04/12/2011
04/19/2011
04/26/2011
Capstone Spring 2011
Phase
Inception phase
Elaboration phase
Construction phase
Transition phase
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Appendix B: Major Tasks and Contributions
Tasks
Srikanth
Majji (%)
Srikanth
Inapurapu
(%)
Shivani
Kovvuri
(%)
Nithin
Kumar
Dudde
(%)
Manoj
Gidda (%)
Research & Analysis on
different AR browsers
20
20
20
20
20
Documentation on
Abstract, Agenda &
Meeting Minutes
20
15
35
15
15
Modeling Use cases and
sequence Diagrams
15
15
15
35
20
Software Requirements
Specification(SRS)
15
20
20
15
30
Website Creation,
Maintenance
15
15
20
35
15
15
35
20
20
15
Database Design
35
10
10
20
25
Database connectivity
with UI
25
25
15
15
20
Technical Report
15
20
35
15
15
UI Design
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Appendix C: Software Requirements Specification
Client side:
 Open the Application

User shall start the application by clicking on the shortcut key of the application in the
Android phone.

System shall retrieve the current location of the user using GPS.
 Choose a category

When the user selects the category from menu, the category list shall be retrieved from the
server and displayed to the mobile user.

User shall select any one of the categories that he/she is interested in from a number of
categories available. (For example categories may include Restaurant, Motel, School, Coffee
shops etc.)

System shall retrieve all the markers belonging to that particular category by connecting to
the server.

System shall display all these retrieved markers to the mobile user.
 Set Radius

User shall set the radius to a particular range. The default radius is set to 10 miles and the
maximum radius is set to 60 miles.

System shall retrieve all the markers within that particular range.

System shall display all these markers to the mobile user.
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 Open App Camera

User shall select the camera option once he/she is done selecting the categories and setting
the radius.

User shall select the augmentation type. The two types of augmentation are using geolocation
and using pattern recognition.
 Open Map View

User shall open the map view option once he/she is done selecting the categories and setting
the radius. The map shall display markers in the map belonging to that particular category
within the selected radius range.

User shall select the augmentation type. The two types of augmentation are using geolocation
and using pattern recognition.
 Download images

User shall download and store the image selected into the Android phone memory.

When the user shall download an image, the system asks the user for login information.
 Open images

User shall open a stored image from the Android phone memory.

User shall need a JPEG viewer to open the stored images.
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Server side:
 Login to web server

System shall allow the user to enter a valid mobile number and password.

System shall successfully login and display “login successful” when authenticated.

System shall prompt an error message when an invalid user logs in or when the user does not
enter his mobile number and password.
 User Registration

User shall enter mobile number which is 10 digits.

User shall enter a password which should be a minimum of 8 characters.

User shall enter first name.

User shall enter last name.

User shall enter email.

User shall enter mobile model number.

User shall click on “submit” after entering all the details.

If the mobile number already exists, the user shall be displayed an error message that the
“mobile number already exists”.
 Pick geo-location

User shall select a geo-location from Google Maps.

System shall display the latitude and longitude of the geo-location selected.
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 Add image at geo-location

User shall add an image to the geo-location he/she has selected.
 Create category

User shall create a new category and add an image to that particular category.
 Categorize image

User shall categorize the image to any one of the categories that is been added to a particular
geo-location.

User shall create a new category if he/she wants to.
 Update image

User shall browse through the images that are available in the system and choose one of
them, uploading it to that particular geo-location.
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Appendix D: Database Design Schema
DATA DICTIONARY:
The table descriptions are as follows
1. Authorized user: This table holds the authentication details like Mobile number and
password for every user who logins to the system. This Mobile number and password is
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used by the client for login purposes on the Android phone, whenever the user needs to
download images.
Column Name
DataType
Default Value
MobileNumber
bigint[10]
Not Null
Password
varchar[45]
Not Null
Primary Key: {MobileNumber}
Functional Dependency: MobileNumberPassword
Highest Normal Form: BCNF
2. Profile: Each Authorized user has one account. The profile information contains Mobile
number, First name, Last name, E-mail, Mobile_model.
Column Name
DataType
Default Value
MobileNumber
bigint[10]
Not Null
FirstName
varchar[45]
Not Null
LastName
varchar[45]
Not Null
E-mail
varchar[60]
Not Null
Mobile_model
varchar[45]
Not Null
Primary Key: {MobileNumber}
Functional Dependency: MobileNumber{FirstName, LastName, Mobile_model, E-mail}
Highest Normal Form: BCNF
3. ImagePlot: An authorized user can upload any number of images. In order to know which
user has uploaded the image at particular Geo Location, we consider Mobile number,
Latitude and Longitude as a primary key.
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Column Name
DataType
Default Value
ImageID
integer[5]
Not Null
ImageName
varchar[60]
NotNull
ImageDescription
Varchar[300]
NotNull
ImageLink
Varchar[200]
NotNull
Latitude
double(20,15)
Not Null
Longitude
double(20,15)
Not Null
MobileNumber
bigint[10]
Not Null
CategoryID
integer[15]
Not Null
Primary Key: {ImageID}
Foreign Key: {CategoryID, MobileNumber}
Functional Dependency: ImageID  ImageName, ImageLink, ImageDescription, Latitude,
Longitude, MobileNumber, CategoryID
Highest Normal Form: BCNF
4. Category: Each image which is placed at a particular geo-location by an Authorized user
has a related Category Name.
Column Name
DataType
Default Value
CategoryID
interger[15]
Not Null
CategoryName
varchar[45]
Not Null
Primary Key: {CategoryID}
Functional Dependency: CategoryID CategoryName
Highest Normal Form: BCNF
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Appendix E: Use case and Sequence Diagrams
Use case Diagram:
Client side:
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Kite level written Use Case for displaying images in a virtual world using Augmented Reality
technology:
Use-Case Title: Displaying images in a virtual world using Augmented Reality technology
Primary Actor: Mobile User
Level: Kite (Summary)
Stakeholders: Mobile user
Precondition: Mobile users should have a camera phone with android operating system
Minimal guarantee: Mobile users retrieve the geo codes facing camera lens
Success guarantee: Display images at the specific geo code on camera
Trigger: Mobile users access the application utilizing Augmented Reality technology
Main success scenario:
1. Mobile Users opens the Augmented Reality application on Android phones using camera
lens to retrieve the geo code locations.
2. Mobile Users requests server for the images by sending the geo codes.
3. Images are displayed at corresponding geo code locations on camera after receiving it
from the server database.
4. Images can be maximized by touching it.
5. Images can be downloaded and stored in to the mobile phone.
Error conditions:
1. a. Sending geo codes to the server is interrupted
1.a.1 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User starts again.
1.a.2 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User quits.
2. a. Receiving images from server is interrupted
2.a.1 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User starts again.
2.a.2 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User quits.
3. a. If images are not downloaded
3.a.1 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User starts again.
3.a.2 Transaction Rolled back, Mobile User quits.
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Server side:
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Kite level written Use Case for adding and updating images on server side GUI:
Use-Case Title: Adding and updating Images on Server side GUI
Primary Actor: Authorized user
Level: Kite (Summary)
Stakeholders: Authorized user
Precondition: Server side GUI should be embedded with Google maps API.
Minimal guarantee: Accessing the Google maps from server side GUI with internet
Success guarantee: Adding images at the specific geo code location on server side
Trigger: Administrator access the GUI enabled with Google maps API
Main success scenario:
1. Administrator logs in to access the server side GUI.
2. Pick a geo location to add an image.
3. Add images at specific geo code locations using Google maps API.
4. Update all the images with the recent one.
5. Maintain the server side GUI regularly.
Error conditions:
1. a. “Log-in” Use case failure
1.a.1. Authorized user is told the account information is invalid, Authorized user
provides the valid information and login successfully.
2. a. Adding images at Geo codes are interrupted
2.a.1 Transaction Rolled back, Administrator starts again.
2.a.2 Transaction Rolled back, Administrator logs out.
3. a. Updating images are interrupted.
3.a.1 Transaction Rolled back, Administrator starts again.
3.a.2 Transaction Rolled back, Administrator logs out.
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Sequence Diagram:
Client side:
Sequence diagram for selecting the category:
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Sequence diagram for setting radius and perform camera options:
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Sequence diagram for authentication:
Sequence diagram for opening downloaded images:
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Server side:
Sequence Diagram for successful login onto web application:
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Sequence diagram for picking a geo location to upload an image:
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Sequence diagram for adding image and choose category:
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Appendix F: Screenshots of Client Side and Server Side
Server Side:
Fig 1: Home Page
Fig 2: Login Page
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Fig 3: Registration page
Fig 4: After successful login the user can place a marker on the Google Maps and upload an image.
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Client Side:
Images of application running on Dell Streak
Fig 5: Initial Screen
Fig 6: Screen when clicked on menu
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Fig 7: Screen with list of categories
Fig 8: Screen when clicked on Camera
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Fig 9: Screen when clicked on Map
Fig 10: Screen when tapped on the marker. Login page
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Fig 11: Screen when clicked download after successful login
Fig 12: Screen when clicked on info menu button
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Sophisticated Mobile Application using Augmented Reality Technology
Fig 12: Screen when clicked pattern recognition in camera button
Fig 13: Screen when clicked on Geolocation on Camera menu button
Capstone Spring 2011
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