Name:_______________________
Date:__________ Period:______
Genetics and Heredity Unit Test Study Guide 2013-2014
Unit Test Topics
 Formation of cells through mitosis
 What is mitosis?
 End product of mitosis and cytokinesis
 Importance and function of mitosis.
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What is DNA?
DNA base pair rules
What is a gene?
Function of a gene.
What is a chromosome?
Where are chromosomes located?
Number of chromosomes in human body cells.
Levels of organization of genetic information, from DNA to Cell
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Asexual Reproduction v. Sexual Reproduction
What are gametes?
How are gametes formed through meiosis?
What is meiosis
What is fertilization?
What is a zygote?
Diploid vs. Haploid cells
Exchange of DNA through fertilization.
Sex chromosomes (X and Y) and gender
Difference between XX and XY on chromosome pair 23
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Inheritance of physical traits.
What are alleles
Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Environmental influence on phenotype
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Use of Punnett squares to determine genotypes and phenotypes.
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Diagrams
o meiosis
o DNA
o levels of organization of genetic material (Base pair to chromosome)
Name:_______________________
Date:__________ Period:______
Genetics and Heredity Unit Study Guide/Practice Test 2013-2014
Section 1 Cell Division
What are the two types of cell division that we have discussed in this unit?
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
Complete the following chart:
Type of cell division
Cell starts out as a body (somatic)
or sex cell?
Function of this process
Initial cell is haploid or diploid?
Nucleus divides once or twice?
Number of daughter cells at end of
cell division?
End product is a body (somatic)
cell or gamete?
End product is diploid or haploid
If there are 3 pairs of homologous
chromosomes in the cell at the
beginning of cell division, how
many chromosomes will be in each
cell at the end of cell division?
1. A human body cell contains _____________________ pairs of __________________
chromosomes or a total of ___________ chromosomes.
2. What occurs during mitotic cell divisions:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Practice Problem for Mitosis and Meiosis
Scientists can look at the results of mitosis and meiosis in fly cells. Flies have 4 chromosomes.
1. Draw a picture showing mitosis in fly cells. Include how many daughter cells are produced,
and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell.
2. How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis? _________________________________
3. How many chromosomes are in each of the daughter cells as a result of mitosis? _________
4. Draw a picture showing meiosis in fly cells. Include how many daughter cells are produced,
and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell.
5. How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? ______________________________
6. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell as a result of meiosis? __________
Sexual Reproduction:
1. Which type of reproduction, sexual or asexual creates diversity in a population? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. An egg is fertilized by a sperm, the end result is called a ___________________ or
fertilized egg.
3. Describe the differences between haploid cells and diploid cells:___________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Mendelian Inheritance
1. Mendel, an Austrian monk who lived in the 19th century, studied inheritance. He
recognized that physical traits and characteristics can be inherited but they can also be
influenced by the _______________________________ in which an organism lives.
2. The _______________________ is the genetic combination of alleles for a specific trait.
3. An (A) ____________________________ is one form of a gene.
4. Organisms that are purebred are also known as _________________________.
5. Organisms with one recessive ________________ and one dominant ______________
are said to be ________________________.
Punnett Square Practice:
6. Complete the Punnett Square which shows the genotype for triangle nose shape.
Triangle shape is the dominant trait.
7. What are the phenotypes of the parents? ___________________________________
8. What is the probability that an offspring will have a triangle nose? ______/4 = ______ %
Genes and DNA
1. ________________________ is a molecule that contains the instructions or blueprints that
direct the development of an organism.
2. Chromosomes are actually strands of DNA wrapped around protein; the DNA is made of sections
called _______________________.
3. Genes are the code for the production specific _______________________.
4. Genes are made up of nucleotides. The components of a nucleotide are a ________________,
a ______________________ and a _________________.
5. There are four types of bases in DNA. These bases are often abbreviated by using the first
letter of the name. A, C, T, and G. These include:
_____________________ which pairs with _________________________
______________________ which pairs with _________________________
6. The genome of an organism has 20 % guanine. What percent of the genome will be
Cytosine ______________________
Adenine ______________________
Thymine______________________
7. Complete the following diagram by filling in the blanks from the following list of vocabulary:
a. Chromosome b. Gene c. DNA d. Nucleus
e. Cell
Gender Determination:
1. The gender of a human being is determined by the 23rd pair of chromosomes. Create a
Punnett square to demonstrate why there is a 50% probability that each child born will
be male or female. Use the XX and XY genotypes in the Punnett Square.
2. Label the following karyotypes – male or female