Supplements for manuscript entitled:
Rupture history of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake constrained with local
strong motion and teleseismic body and surface waves
Jinlai Hao1, Chen Ji*2, Weimin Wang3, Zhenxing Yao1
1
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029,
China
2
Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
3
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,
China
Table S1 Summary of hypocenter locations
Time
Latitude Longitude Depth km
CENC
2013.04.20 00:02:46
30.3o
103.0o
13
o
NEIC
2013.04.20 00:02:47 30.28
102.96o
12.3
Rapid result of SEB 2013.04.20 00:02:46 30.32o
102.95o
12
CENC - China Earthquake Networks Center of Chinese Earthquake Administration;
NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center of United States Geological survey; SEB
- Sichuan Earthquake Bureau of Chinese Earthquake Administration.
Table S2 Crustal velocity model slightly modified from Zhao et al. [1997]
Vp (km/s)
Vs (km/s)
Thickness (km)
ρ( g/cm3)
4.88
2.86
2.55
3
5.80
3.40
2.70
5
6.04
3.55
2.75
14
6.82
3.98
2.90
21
7.61
4.45
3.10
25
8.08
4.47
3.38
100
Vp, Vs, ρ and Depth represent velocity of P-Wave, velocity of S-Wave, density and
thickness of each layer respectively.
Reference
Zhao, Z., J. Fan, and S. Zheng (1997), Precision determination of the crustal structure and hypocentral
locations in the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt, Acta Seismol. Sinica, 19, 615-622.
Table S3 Focal mechanisms of two aftershocks
Nodal Plane 1
Location
Time
Strike/Dip/Rake
30.17º
2013.4.20
AF1
204º/49º/81º
102.88º
03:34:14
30.36º
2013.4.21
AF2
175º/47º/70º
103.05º
04:53:44
Nodal Plane 2
Strike/Dip/Rake
Depth
(km)
Moment
(Nm)
Mw
38º/42º/101º
14
7.5×1017
5.2
24º/47º/110º
22
1.6×1017
4.8
Figure S1 Mainshock focal mechanism and corresponding waveform comparisons. (a)
Comparison of teleseismic P-wave displacement records (0.01-0.625Hz) (black lines) and
synthetic seismograms (red lines) predicted using the preferred solution. The station
name is indicated at the left side of each seismogram. At each station, the peak
observational amplitude is used to normalize both the observed waveform and the
corresponding synthetic seismogram. The strike, dip, rake angles of two nodal planes,
epicenter depth and moment are given on the left. The normalized source time function is
given on the right. (b) Comparison of long period (4-6 mHz) surface waves and synthetic
seismograms predicted using point source. The value above the beginning of each trace is
the source azimuth and below is the epicentral distance in degrees. The peak
displacement of the observation in mm is indicated above the end of each trace, which is
used to normalize both data and the corresponding synthetic seismograms.
Figure S2 Comparison of data and synthetic waveforms predicted using Model I. (a)
Comparison of teleseismic body wave velocity records (black) and synthetic
seismograms (red) predicted using Model I. The data and synthetics have been bandpass
filtered from 0.0033-1 Hz. The value above the beginning of each trace is the source
azimuth and below is the epicentral distance in degrees. The peak displacement of the
observation in μm is indicated above the end of each trace, which is used to normalize
both data and the corresponding synthetic seismogram. (b) Comparison of long period (46 mHz) surface waves and synthetic seismograms predicted using Model I. The value
above the beginning of each trace is the source azimuth and below is the epicentral
distance in degrees. The peak displacement of the observation in mm is indicated above
the end of each trace, which is used to normalize both data and the corresponding
synthetic seismograms.
Figure S3 Comparison of 3-component bandpass filtered (0.02-0.5Hz) velocity records
(black) and synthetic seismograms (red) using Model II. The Z, N and E denote the
vertical, north-south, and east-west components, respectively. The station name is
indicated at the left side of each seismogram. The value above the beginning of each trace
is the source azimuth in degrees and below is the epicentral distance in km. The peak
velocity of the observation in cm/s is indicated above the end of each trace, which is used
to normalize both data and the corresponding synthetic seismogram.
Figure S4. Check-board test. The target slip distribution model is shown in (a). The
slip distributions inverted with teleseismic data only, strong motion data only, and
the combined dataset are shown in (b), (c) and (d), respectively. The color indicates
the slip amplitude. Note that station distributions of teleseismic and local
observations are same as what are used during this study. The inversions are based
on noise-free synthetic data. It can be seen that the spatial resolution of teleseismic
data is poor. The spatial resolution of strong motion data is much better, particular
for the fault slip at shallower depth. Using both strong motion and teleseismic data
further improves the constraint to the slip on the deeper fault patches.
Figure S5 (a) Comparison of teleseismic body waveforms and synthetic seismograms
predicted using Model III. (b) Comparison of long period surface waves and synthetic
seismograms predicted using Model III. Caption is similar to Figure S2.
Figure S6 1-s Snapshots of Model III. In each snapshot, the white dash circle denotes the
location of rupture front at end of time window if the rupture velocity is 2.0 km/s. The
red star indicates the hypocenter.
Figure S7 Distributions of rise time in (a) and average slip rate in (b) with slip > 0.2 m
for Model III.
Figure S8 Waveform fits associating with the focal mechanism solution of event AF1
(Table S3). (a) Sensitivity to the centroid depth. (b) Comparison of bandpass filtered
(0.02-0.2 Hz) velocity waveforms (black lines) and synthetic seismograms (red lines)
predicted with the preferred solution. The left, middle, and right columns denote the
radial, tangential, and vertical components, respectively. The station name is indicated at
the left side of each seismogram. The value above the beginning of each trace is the
source azimuth in degrees and below is the epicentral distance in km.
Figure S9 Waveform fits associating with the focal mechanism solution of event AF2
(Table S3). (a) Sensitivity to the centroid depth. (b) Comparison of bandpass filtered
(0.02-0.2 Hz) velocity waveforms in local distances (black lines) and synthetic
seismograms (red lines) predicted with the preferred solution. The left, middle, and right
columns denote the radial, tangential, and vertical components, respectively. The station
name is indicated at the left side of each seismogram. The value above the beginning of
each trace is the source azimuth in degrees and below is the epicentral distance in km.