Core Math 1
Glossary
A
Algebra – 代数学，代数
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that substitutes letters for numbers. An algebraic equation represents a
scale, what is done on one side of the scale with a number is also done to the other side of the scale. The
numbers are the constants.
Angle – 角，角度
Angles are formed by two rays that begin at the same point.
Arithmetic sequence -
等差数列
A sequence that increases by a constant number each time is called an arithmetic sequence. This number is
called the common difference d. The first term is represented by a.
A recurrence relationship of the form
Un+1=Un+d,
n≥1,
d∈Z
is called an arithmetic sequence.
Arithmetic series -
等差级数
Arithmetic series are formed by adding together the terms of an arithmetic sequence
U1 + U2 + ⋯ + Un
In an arithmetic series the next term is found by adding (or subtracting) a constant number. This number is
called the common difference d. The first term is represented by a. Therefore all arithmetic series can be put in
the form
a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+…
The nth term of an arithmetic series is a+(n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference.
Asymptote – 渐近线
A straight line which is approached by a curve, but the curve never reaches the line. Asymptotes are usually
marked on graphs as dotted lines.
For example, the graph of
1
y = x has asymptotes which are the x-axis and the y-axis.
Axis – 轴，轴线
Axes are the vertical and horizontal lines that make up the quadrants of a coordinate plane. The vertical axis
is usually referred to as the y-axis and the horizontal axis is usually referred to as the x-axis.
B
Base – 底
In an expression involving indices, the base is the number that is being raised to a power.
So, for example, in 84, 8 is the base and 4 is the index.
C
Calculus – 微积分
Calculus is the branch of mathematics involving derivatives and integrals.
Centimeter – 厘米
it is a measure of le2.5cm is approximately an inch. it is a metric unit of measur
Chord - 弦，割线
Let A and B be two points on a curve. The straight line through A and B, or the line segment AB, is called a
chord, the word being used when a distinction is to be made between the chord AB and the arc AB.
Coefficient – 系数
For example, in the expression 2x3 - 3x2 - x + 4, the coefficient of x3 is 2, the coefficient of x2 is -3, and the
coefficient of x is -1. (The final 4 is referred to as the constant term).
Common Factors – 公因式， 公因子
A factor of two or more numbers. A number that will divide exactly into different numbers.
Common difference – 公差
The difference between each pair of successive terms in an arithmetic sequence or arithmetic series. It is
usually denoted by d.
e.g.
the sequence 4, 6, 8, 10, has common difference 2
12, ...
the sequence 10, 9, 8, 7, has common difference -1
6, ...
Completing the square – 配方
Any quadratic expression can be written in the form A(x + B)2 + C, where A, B and C are constants. This
process is called completing the square, and it is particularly useful for finding the vertex of a quadratic graph.
This method is also used to derive the quadratic formula, and it can be used to solve quadratic equations (it is
usually easier to use the quadratic formula, but if you already have an expression in the completed square form,
it can be easy to use this to solve a related quadratic equation).
Consider a numerical example: the quadratic equation 2x2+5x+1=0 can be solved by first writing it as
5
1
2
2
x2 + x = −
5
1
25
4
2
16
, and then (x + )2 = − +
=
17
16
This step is known as completing the square: the left-hand side is made into an exact square by adding a
suitable constant to both sides. So the solution of the equation can then be accomplished as follows:
x+
5
√17
=±
,
4
4
and so x =
−5 ± √7
4
Coordinates – 坐标
A means of describing a position relative to some fixed point (e.g. the origin).
In Cartesian coordinates, position is given in terms of two perpendicular directions, x and y.
Constant – 常数
A number that doesn't change.
Cubic equation – 三次方程
A cubic equation has the form ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, where a, b and c are constants, and a ≠ 0.
If a cubic equation has a root which is an integer, this root can be found by trial, and the factor theorem gives
a linear factor of the equation. The cubic equation can then be factorised into the linear factor and a quadratic
factor. The quadratic factor can then be used to find the other two roots of the equation (if they exist).
Cubic expression – 三次方表达式
A polynomial expression in which the highest term is a term in x3. A cubic expression may also contain terms in
x2, x and a constant term.
Cubic function - 三次函数
A function of the form y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. The graph of a cubic function cuts the x-axis at least once and
up to three times, and has up to two turning points.
𝐲 = 𝐚𝐱 𝟑 + 𝐛𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐱 + 𝐝
a>0
a<0
y=x
D
Decimal place – 小数位
How many numbers behind the decimal point.
Denominator - 分母
The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction. (Numerator is the top number) The Denominator is the
total number of parts.
Degree – 角度的单位，度 °
The unit of an angle, angles are measured in degrees shown by the degree symbol: °
Difference – 差
The difference is what is found when one number is subtracted from another. Finding the difference in a
number requires the use of subtraction.
Difference of two squares 两平方差，平方差
Since a2 − b2 = (a − b)(a + b), any expression with the form of the left-hand side, known as the
difference of two squares, can be factorised into the right-hand side.
Discriminant – 判别式
For the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the discriminant is the expression b2 - 4ac.

If the discriminant is positive, the equation has two distinct real roots (if the discriminant is a square
number, then the roots are rational and the equation may be factorised), and the corresponding
quadratic graph crosses the x-axis in two places

If the discriminant is zero, the equation has just one (repeated) root (the equation is a perfect square),
and the corresponding quadratic graph touches the x-axis

If the discriminant is negative, the equation has no real roots, and the corresponding quadratic graph
does not cross the x-axis.
Divide – 除
6÷2 means 6 is divided by 2
Dividend – 被除数
In a division calculation, whether arithmetic or algebraic, the number or expression which is being divided is
called the dividend.
For example:
34 ÷ 5 = 6 remainder 4
34 is the dividend
(x2 + 3x + 1) ÷ (x - 2) = (x - 1)
x2 + 3x + 1 is the dividend
remainder 3
Divisor – 除数
In a division calculation, whether arithmetic or algebraic, the number or expression which you are dividing by
is called the divisor.
For example:
34 ÷ 5 = 6 remainder 4
5 is the divisor
(x2 + 3x + 1) ÷ (x - 2) = (x - 1)
x - 2 is the divisor
remainder 3
Derivative – 导数
This is the technical name for the gradient function. It is sometimes called the derived function. If a
function y is given in terms of x, then the derivative is written as
(pronounced "dee y by dee x"), or
alternatively as f´(x). Similarly, if a function v is given in terms of t, then the derivative would be written as
or alternatively as v´(t). The derivative
,
represents the rate of change of y with respect to x.
For the real function f, if (f(a+h)-f(a))/h has a limit as h→0, this limit is the derivative of f at a and is denoted
by f’(a).
Consider the graph y=f(x). If (x, y) are the coordinates of a general point B on the graph, and (x+δx, y+δy)
are those of a nearby point C on the graph. δx is called delta x and is a single symbol which stands for a small
change in the value of x. Also δy is called ‘delta y’ and is a single symbol which stands for a small change in the
value of y.
The gradient of the chord BC is then
y + δy − y δy
=
x + δx − x δx
But both B and C lie on the curve with equation y=f(x) and so B is the point (x, f(x)) and C is the point (x+δx,
f(x+δx)).
So the gradient of BC can also be written as
f(x + δx) + f(x) f(x + δx) + f(x)
=
(x + δx) − x
δx
You can make the value of δx very small and you will find that the smaller the value of δx, the smaller the
value of δy will be.
The limiting value of the gradient of the chord is the gradient of the tangent at B, which is also the gradient
of the curve at B.
This is called the rate of change of y with respect to x at the point B and is denoted by
dy
δy
= lim ( )
dx δx→0 δx
= lim
δx→0
dy
dx
is called the derivative of y with respect to x.
The process of finding
dy
dx
f(x + δx) + f(x)
δx
Also
dy
dx
= f ′ (x).
when y is given is called differentiation
Differentiation - 微分，微分学
The process of finding the gradient function or derivative.
dy
dx
.
E
Equation – 方程
A statement showing the equality of two expressions usually separated by left and right signs and joined by an
equals sign.
Equation of a circle – 圆的方程
The equation of a circle with centre (a, b) and radius r is given by (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2
When the centre of the circle is at the origin, the equation simplifies to
x2 + y2 = r2
Equation of a straight line – 直线方程
The equation of a straight line with gradient m which intercepts the y-axis at the point (0, c) is given by
y=
mx + c
The equation of a straight line with gradient m which passes through the point (x1, y1) is given by y - y1 = m(x
- x 1)
Evaluate – 求……的数值
To calculate the numerical value
Even Number – 偶数
A number that can be divided or is divisible by 2.
Exponential – 指数
An exponential function is a function of the form ax. The exponential function ax is the inverse of the
logarithmic
（对数）function loga x
Expressions – 表达式
Symbols that represent numbers or operations. A way of writing something that uses numbers and symbols
F
Factor - 因子，因式
A number that will divide into another number exactly. (The factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5).
Factorising – 分解因式
The process of breaking numbers down into all of their factors.
First principles – 基本原理
Differentiation from first principles is the process of finding a derivative from scratch, i.e. without using
standard derivative results such as the formula nxn-1 for the derivative of xn. This involves finding an
expression for the gradient of a chord PQ, and then letting the chord approach the tangent by letting the point
Q approach the point P.
Formula – 公式
A rule that describes the relationship of two or more variables. An equation stating the rule.
Fraction – 分数
A way of writing numbers that are not whole numbers. The fraction is written like 1/2
G
Geometry – 几何
The study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties. Geometry is concerned with physical shapes and the
dimensions of the objects.
General term 通项
The nth term of a sequence is sometimes called the general term. When you know a formula for the
general term of a sequence (e.g. Un=3n-1) you can use this to find any term in the sequence.
Gradient – 斜率
The gradient of a line, often denoted by m, is a measure of its slope.
The gradient of the line joining two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2), is given by
Gradient function – 斜率方程
The formula for the gradient of a curve in terms of the horizontal coordinate of the curve (usually x). The
gradient function is also called the derivative or derived function.
Gradient of a curve – 曲线斜率
The gradient of a curve at a particular point is defined to be the gradient of the tangent to the curve at that
point.
H
Horizontal – 水平
Parallel to the plane of the horizon; level; flat
I
Identity – 恒等式
An equation that is true for values of their variables
Index (pl. indices) 指数
Suppose that a is a real number. When the product a×a×a×a×a is written as a 5, the number 5 is called the
index. When the index is a positive integer p, then ap means a×a×a×a……×a, where there are p occurrences
of a. if the index is a negative integer q, then a q means
index is a fraction
m
m
1
, where there are q occurrences of a. if the
a×a×a×a……×a
, then a n means √am .
n
n
The rules of indices:
am × an = am+n
am ÷ an = am−n
(am )n = amn
a−m =
1
1
am
m
am = √a
n
m
am = √an
a0 = 1
Inequality – 不等式
A mathematical equation containing either a greater than, less than or not equal to symbols. The following
symbols have the meanings shown:
≠ is not equal to,
< is less than,
≤ is less than or equal to,
> is greater than,
≥ is greater than or equal to.
An inequality is a statement of one of the forms: a≠b, a<b, a≤b, a>b or a≥b, where a and b are suitable
quantities or expressions.
Integers -
整数
Whole numbers, positive or negative including zero.
Integration – 积分
The process of finding an indefinite integral or a definite integral.
Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.
Intersection – 交点
The point(s) where two lines or curves intersect can be found by solving their equations simultaneously.
If two points of intersection for a line and a curve are the same, then the line just touches the curve (i.e. the
line is a tangent to the curve).
Intercept – 截距
the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
Irrational – 无理数
A number that cannot be represented as a decimal or as a fraction. A number like π is irrational because it
contains an infinite number of digits that keep repeating, many square roots are irrational numbers.
K
Kilometer – 千米
A unit of measure that equals 1000 meters.
L
Like Terms – 同类项
Terms with the same variable and the same exponents/degrees.
Limit – 极限
the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity
Linear Equation – 线性方程
An equation whereby letters represent real numbers and whose graph is a line.
Linear expression – 线性表达式
An expression in which the highest term is a term in x. A linear expression may also include a constant term. A
linear expression can be written in the form ax + b.
All graphs of the form y = ax + b are straight lines, hence the name linear.
Line of Symmetry – 对称线
A line that divides a figure or shape into two parts. The two shape must equal one another.
M
Midpoint- 中点
The midpoint of a line is the point halfway between the two ends of the line.
For any two points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2), the midpoint M of the line AB is given by
Multiple – 倍数，乘
The multiple of a number is the product of the number and any other whole number. (2,4,6,8 are multiples of
2)
Multiplication – 乘法
Often referred to as 'fast adding'. Multiplication is the repeated addition of the same number 4x3 is the same
as saying 3+3+3+3.
Multiply – 乘
N
Natural Numbers – 自然数
In mathematics, there are two conventions for the set of natural numbers: it is either the set of positive
integers {1, 2, 3, ...} according to the traditional definition or the set of non-negative integers {0, 1, 2, ...}
according to a definition first appearing in the nineteenth century.
Natural numbers have two main purposes: counting ("there are 6 coins on the table") and ordering ("this is the
3rd largest city in the country"). These purposes are related to the linguistic notions of cardinal and ordinal
numbers, respectively.
Negative Number – 负数
The numbers less than zero.
Normal – 法线
The normal to a curve at a point is the unique line which is perpendicular to the tangent to the curve at that
point.
The equation of the normal can be found by differentiating to find the gradient of the tangent and hence
finding the gradient of the normal. The formula for the equation of a line can then be used to find the equation
of the normal.
Numerator – 分子
The top number in a fraction. In 1/2, 1 is the numerator and 2 is the denominator. The numerator is the
portion of the denominator.
nth term in an arithmetic sequence – 等差数列第 n 项
The nth term in an arithmetic sequence with first term a and common difference d is given by：
un = a + (n - 1)d
O
Odd Number – 奇数
A whole number that is not divisible by 2
Operation – 运算
Refers to either addition, subtraction, multiplication or division which are called the four operations in
mathematics or arithmetic.
Order – 阶数
The order of a polynomial is the highest power of x (or other variable) present in a polynomial. For example, a
cubic expression has order 3, because the highest power is x3. A quadratic expression has order 2.
P
Parabola – 抛物线
The shape of a quadratic graph y = ax2 + bx + c is an example of a parabola. You may learn more about
parabolas if you study Further Maths.
Parallel – 平行
If two lines are parallel, they have the same gradient
Perpendicular – 垂直
Two perpendicular lines are at right angles to each other.
If two lines with gradients m1 and m2 are perpendicular, then m1m2 = -1,
Perpendicular bisector – 垂直平分线
For a line AB, the perpendicular bisector of AB is the line which is perpendicular to AB and passes through the
midpoint of AB.
Pi
- 圆周率
The symbol for Pi is actually a Greek letter. Pi is used to represent the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its
diameter
Plot – 画……的草图
Plotting a graph involves marking points on graph paper and joining them up as accurately as possible.
Polynomial – 多项式
An expression involving terms with positive integer powers of one variable only, and may also involve a
constant term. So a polynomial expression might involve terms in x6, x3, x, and a constant term, but not terms
in
,
, xy, etc.
Positive – 正数
The numbers which are greater than zero.
Power – 指数，幂
Another word for an index. For example, 25 is read as "2 to the power 5".
Prime number – 质数，素数
an integer that cannot be factorized into other integers but is only divisible by itself or 1, such as 2, 3, 5, 7, and
11
Product – 积，乘积
The sum obtained when any two or more numbers are multiplied together.
Q
Quadrant – 象限
One quarter (qua) of the plane on the cartesian coordinate system. The plane is divided into 4 sections, each
section is called a quadrant
Quadratic functions 二次函数
A quadratic function is a real function f such as that y= ax 2 + bx + c or f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c for all x in R,
where a,b and c are real numbers, with a≠0.
The graph y=f(x) of such a function is a parabola with its axis parallel to the y-axis, and with its vertex
downwards if a>0 and upwards if a<0.
a>0
a<0
Quadratic formula - 二次函数公式
A quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be solved using the quadratic formula.
The quadratic formula is given by
.
The formula is derived by completing the square on the quadratic equation.
Remember that if the discriminant is negative, the equation has no real roots.
Quotient – 商
In a division calculation, whether arithmetic or algebraic, the result of the division is called the quotient.
R
Radius – 半径
A line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. Or the line from the center of a spere to
any point on the outside edge of the sphere. The radius is the distance from the center of a circle/sphere to the
outside edge
Range – 范围
The difference between the maximum and the minimum in a set of data.
Rate of change – 变化率
For a function y given in terms of x, the derivative
represents the rate of change of y with respect to x.
This may represent other quantities, as well as the gradient of a graph. For example, if t represents time and x
displacement,
Similarly,
represents the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, which is the velocity, v.
is the rate of change of velocity, which is the acceleration
Rational – 有理数
A rational number is a number which can be written as an exact fraction. Examples of rational numbers are 5,
2.146 and
.
The set of rational numbers is denoted by
.
Rationalising a denominator – 分母有理化
If an expression has surds (which are irrational numbers) in the denominator, you can get rid of the surds in
the denominator by a process called "rationalising the denominator". This involves multiplying both numerator
and denominator by the same expression.
For example, if the denominator was
, you would multiply both the numerator and denominator by
. The denominator is then a rational number
Rationalising surds – 根式有理化
the rules to rationalize surds are:
* Fractions in the form
1
√a
* Fractions in the form
* Fractions in the form
Real
,multiply the top and bottom by √a
1
a+√b
1
a−√b
multiply the top and bottom by a − √b
multiply the top and bottom by a + √b
number – 实数
All of the numbers you have met up to now, or will meet on the standard Maths AS/A2 level course, are real
numbers.
A real number is a number that may be represented on a number line. The real numbers are made up of the
rational numbers and the irrational numbers.
The set of real numbers is denoted by
.
If you study Further Mathematics, or study a strongly Maths-related subject at university, you will meet
imaginary numbers (which enable you to give square roots for negative numbers) and complex numbers
(which have a real part and an imaginary part). If complex numbers are allowed, all quadratic equations have
roots. Quadratic equations with a negative discriminant have no real roots, but have two complex roots.
Remainder – 余数
The number that is left over when the number cannot be divided evenly into the number.
Reciprocal function - 反比例函数
A function of the form
. The graph of a function of this form has asymptotes x = 0 and y = 0 (the
coordinate axes).
Recurrence relationship 迭代关系
The rule to get from one term to the next is called a recurrence relationship (or recurrence formula). This
information can be used to produce the sequence.
A sequence can be expressed by a recurrence relationship. For example, the sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, … can be
formed from Un+1=Un+4, U1=5 (U1 must be given)
Reflection – 反转映像
Reflection is a process of reflecting a curve in a line
* f(-x) means reflect f(x) in y-axis
*-f(x) means reflect f(x) in x-axis
Right Angle – 直角
An angle that is 90°.
Right Triangle – 直角三角形
A triangle having one angle equal to 90°.
S
Second derivative – 二次导数，二阶导数
This is the derivative of the derivative, and represents the rate of change of the gradient of a graph. If you
differentiate once to get the derivative, then differentiating this function again will give you the second
derivative.
The second derivative of y with respect to x is written
(pronounced "dee two y by dee x squared").
The second derivative can be used to determine the nature of a stationary point. If the value of the second
derivative at a stationary point is positive, then the gradient is increasing and so the point is a local minimum.
If the value of the second derivative at a stationary point is negative, then the gradient is decreasing and so
the point is a local maximum. If the value of the second derivative at a stationary point is zero, then the point
could be a local minimum, a local maximum or a stationary point of inflection, so the sign of the gradient either
side of the point must be considered to determine its nature.
Sector – 扇形
A sector of a circle is the shape enclosed by an arc of the circle and two radii. A minor sector is a sector which
is smaller than a semi-circle, and a major sector is a sector which is larger than a semi-circle.
Segment – 弓形
A segment of a circle is the region enclosed by a chord AB and the arc AB
Sequence – 数列
A set of numbers in a particular order, which may form an algebraic pattern.
A sequence may be finite or infinite
Series – 级数
The sum of the terms in a sequence
Sigma
Sigma notation is the mathematical notation used to denote a series. Σ is the Greek letter "sigma".
e.g.
(2i + 5) = 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17
+ 19 = 91
This reads as "The sum from i = 1 to 7 of 2i
+ 5"
Simplify – 化简
Whenever a problem can be simplified, you should simplify it before substituting numbers for the letters. This
will make your job a lot easier! To simplify an algebraic expression:
2(3+x)+x(1-4x)+5
1. Clear the brackets—expanding 展开.
6+2x+x-4x2+5
2. Combine like terms by adding coefficients and combine the constants.
11+3x-4x2
Simultaneous equations – 联立方程
A set of two or more equations involving two or more variables. There should be the same number of
equations as there are variables.
Two linear simultaneous equations can be solved using the elimination method or the substitution method.
Two simultaneous equations, one of which is linear and one quadratic, should be solved using the substitution
method.
Sketch – 描点作图
Sketching a graph means drawing the right general shape of a graph, usually marking the coordinates of
important points such as intersections with the coordinate axes, and turning points. A sketch should not be
drawn on graph paper.
Square Root- 平方根
To square a number, you multiply it by itself. The square root of a number is the value of the number when
multiplied by itself, gives you the original number. For instance 12 squared is 144, the square root of 144 is 12.
Straight line 直线
A straight line in the plane is represented in Cartesian coordinates by a linear equation; that is, an equation
of the form ax+by+c=0 , where the constants a and b are not zero. A number of different forms are useful for
obtaining an equation of a given line.
(i)
The equation y=mx+c represents the line with gradient m that cuts the y-axis at the point (0, c). The
value c is called the intercept
(ii)
The line through a given point (x1, y1) with gradient m has equation y-y1=m(x-x1).
(iii)
The line through the two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) has, if x2≠ x1, equation
y − y1 =
y2 −y1
x2 −x1
(x − x1 ),
and has equation x=x1, if x2=x1
(iv)
The line that meets the coordinate axes at the points (p, 0) and (0, q), where p≠ 0 and q≠ 0, has
equation
x y
+ =1
p p
Stretch – 伸缩
You can transform the curve of a function f(x) by simple stretches of these forms:
* f(ax) is a horizontal stretch of scale factor
1
a
so you multiply the x-coordinates by
1
a
and leave the
y-coordinates unchanged.
* af(x) is a vertical stretch of scale factor a so you multiply the y-coordinates by a and leave the x-coordinates
unchanged.
Sum – 和，求和
the result of the addition of numbers, quantities, objects, etc
Surd – 根式
A surd is an expression such as
other roots such as cube roots).
, which involves a mixture of rational numbers and square roots (or
T
Tangent – 切线
The tangent to a curve at a point is the unique straight line which touches the curve only at the point in
question. The gradient of the curve at this point is equal to the gradient of the tangent.
The equation of a tangent can be found be differentiating and using this to find the gradient of the tangent at
the required point. The equation of the tangent can then be found by using the formula for the equation of a
straight line.
Term – 项
A part of an algebraic equation or a number in a sequence or a series or a product of real numbers and/or
variables
Transformation – 变换
A transformation is a general term for four specific ways to manipulate the shape of a point, a line, or shape.
The original shape of the object is called the pre-image and the final shape and position of the object is the
image under the transformation.
Types of transformations in math

Translation


Stretch
Reflection
Translation – 平移
An object is translated if it is moved without changing its shape.

The graph of y = f(x) + a is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) through a units in the positive
y direction (i.e. vertically).

The graph of y = f(x - a) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) through a units in the positive
x direction (i.e. horizontally).
Triangle – 三角形
Three sided polygon.
U
Unit – 单位
A standard quantity used in measurement. An inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length a pound
is a unit of weight.
V
Variable – 变量
When a letter is used to represent a number or number in equations and or expressions. E.g., in 3x + y, both
y and x are the variables.
Vertical – 竖直
At right angles to the horizon; perpendicular; upright
Volume – 体积
A unit of measure. The amount of cubic units that occupy a space. A measurement of capacity or volume.
W
Whole Number – 整数
A whole number doesn't contain a fraction. A whole number is a positive integer which has 1 or more units
and can be positive or negative.
X
X-Axis – x 轴
The horizontal axis in a coordinate plane.
Y
Y-Axis – y 轴
The vertical axis in a coordinate plane.