SOL REVIEW—REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
First part—the ideas behind the Revolution
Revolutionary Period
Enlightenment Influence
Enlightenment ideas inspired the
colonists to declare independence from
Britain over their political differences
The “Enlightenment” in
Europe in the 17th and 18th
centuries  new ideas of
the relationship between
the rights of the people
and their government.
“All people are free, equal and have ‘natural rights‘
of life, liberty and property that rulers cannot take
away.” John Locke
1. What type of new ideas came from the Enlightenment in Europe?
2. John Locke said the “natural rights” of people were what?
Locke’s Social Contract
Consent
Breaks contract &
threatens rights
BUT IF
People have right to abolish
that government
Locke’s Social Contract
Obey gov’t laws
And form a
new government
In words: All original power is with the people
and they consent to enter a “social contract”
among themselves to form a government to
protect their rights. In return, they promise to
obey the laws and rules of the government = a
system of “ordered liberty.”
Government power is limited by the people’s
consent. But when it becomes a threat to
natural rights, it breaks the contract and the
people have the right to alter or abolish it.
3. According to Locke, the power to govern comes from the ________________ who enter into
a “____________ ___________” to form a government. The government’s “job” is to protect
the peoples’ _______________. In this “contract,” the people agree ___________ the laws.
4. Government power is ________________ by the people’s _______________. And if the
government threatens peoples’ rights, the people can alter or ______________ it.
Jefferson’s Words
Thomas Paine and Common Sense
In his pamphlet Common
Sense, Thomas Paine, an
English immigrant to America,
challenged the rule of the
American colonies by the King
of England.
It was widely read and contributed to a
growing feeling for independence from
England.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal…are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable rights…life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
“To secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed.”
“…whenever that government becomes
destructive of these ends, it is the right of the
people to…abolish it, and institute a new
government.”
Locke’s ideas
5. How did Thomas Paine contribute to the move toward independence?
6. What was the name of Thomas Paine’s popular book?
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of
Independence
written by Thomas
Jefferson of Virginia
reflected the ideas of
Locke and Paine. It
became a road map
for the new republic.
Declaration of Independence
Lasting Impact
Political Participation (equality)
• Extending the franchise (right to vote)
• Upholding due process of law
• Providing free public education
Social Participation (liberty)
• Abolishing slavery
• Extending civil rights to women and others
Economic participation (pursuit of happiness)
• Regulating the free enterprise system
• Promoting economic opportunity
• Protecting property rights
7. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
8. Famous quotes from this to be able to
recognize:
 “All men are created ______________”
 They have from their Creator (God)
______________________ rights [ones
that cannot be taken away]
 Governments get their power from the
_____________ of the ______________
(the people)
 When the government doesn’t protect
the rights, it is the right of the
______________ to abolish it
 The rights are to ____________,
_____________ and the pursuit of
___________________________
9. Circle the examples for equality, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness on the notes at the
left.
Second part—the events of the Revolution
English-American Differences
Impact of the French and Indian War
French and Indian War
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited
settlement west of the Appalachians
because it was costly for the British
to protect.
New taxes were put on legal
documents (the “Stamp Act”), tea,
and sugar to pay
for costs of the war
and for the British troops
TAXES !
stationed to protect the colonies.
The rivalry in North
America between
England and
France led to the
French and Indian
War. In the end,
BEFORE
the French were
driven out of their
territories in Canada and west of
the Appalachians.
AFTER
10. Who were the two sides fighting in the French and Indian War and why was the war fought?
11. What was the impact of the war on the colonial possessions of England and France?
12. Why did the British make the Proclamation of 1763 and add new taxes on the colonists?
 Proclamation because

Stamp Act and other taxes because
Impact of the French and Indian War
Resistance mounting toward REVOLUTION!
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
13. List the four examples given that
show the growing amount of
resistance that the colonists had
to the British rule.




First Continental
Congress
“Minutemen” fire at
Lexington and Concord
Colonists’ Viewpoint During Revolution
Three main viewpoints existed:
Patriots
•Wanted complete independence
•Ideas of Locke, Paine and Patrick Henry (of VA)
“Give me liberty, or give me death!”
•Provided the troops for the fight under George
Washington
Loyalists
•Remained loyal to Britain b/c of cultural &
economic ties
•Believed taxation justified
Neutrals
14. Even though we now know it was a good
idea, were all the colonists in favor of
having a revolution against England?
15. Whose ideas did the Patriots follow?
16. What did the Virginian Patrick Henry say
about how important liberty was to him?
17. Why did the Loyalists remain loyal to
England?
•Many tried to stay as uninvolved as possible
18. Which group provided troops for the
colonists?
Aspects of Colonial Victory!
Diplomatic:
•Ben Franklin negotiated treaty of alliance
with France after Saratoga battle
•No popular war support in Britain
Military:
•Washington’s
avoiding
inspiring men
leadership in
destruction of army &
•French Army and Navy at the
Battle of Yorktown which ended
the war.
Meaning of Victory
The Treaty of Paris
of 1783 gave
America lands to the
Mississippi River.
America’s successful
revolution affected
people and
governments
throughout the
world.
19. Match the following.
____ The battle that was the A. Washington
turning point b/c of
French alliance
____ The diplomat who
B. France
Helped make the
French alliance
____ Country whose people
C. Franklin
did not support their
fight in the American
Revolution
____ The American military
D. Saratoga
leader who inspired
his men to victory
____ Country that supported
E. Britain
American Revolution
and helped us win
20. What treaty settled the American
Revolution?
21. What land now made up the
United States?
From the ___________ Ocean to
the _______________ River.
22. Why did the American Revolution
change people and governments
throughout the world?
Because it was ___________________
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
Cause and Effect
Common Sense pamphlet by Thomas Painegrowing sentiment for independence from rule of king
Ideas of John Locke that gov’t should protect the rights of the people….Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of
Independence
Rivalry between France and England French and Indian War
England’s desire to reduce military presence after victory in French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763
Stamp Act to pay for war
British policy of salutary neglect development of colonial ideas of self government and economic “independence”
Mounting resistance to British rule war
Boston Tea Party, First Continental Congress, boycotts, Boston Massacre, Minutemen
Diplomatic efforts of Ben FranklinFrench military aid to Americans
French aidAmerican victory in war
Military skill of George Washington, British population war wearinessAmerican victory
Terms
John Locke—British philosopher of Enlightenment, gov’t to protect peoples’ rights, if not, then right to overthrow and
establish new gov’t
Thomas Paine and Common Sense—English immigrant, well-read pamphlet challenging rule of colonies by King of
England
Thomas Jefferson and Declaration of Independence, used ideas of Locke and Paine
“Truths self-evident, all men created equal, unalienable rights”—important ideas of Declaration of Independence
French and Indian War—part of Seven Year’s War on continent; British won, France lost virtually all presence in North
America
Proclamation of 1763—prohibited settlement west of Appalachians b/c too costly for British to protect
Salutary neglect—British early policy of “ignoring” the colonies till after French and Indian War
Stamp Act—tax on legal documents, tea and sugar to pay costs of Fr/Ind War and for British troops to protect colonists
Boston Tea Party—1773 protest of Tea Act, dumping tea in Boston Harbor
First Continental Congress—all colonies but GA sent representatives = first time acted together
Boston Massacre—clash between British soldiers and colonists in 1770; 5 colonists killed
Minutemen—Patriot are civilian soldiers; to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice
Patriots—supported complete independence from Britain; provided troops for Am. Army led by Washington
Patrick Henry—“Give me Liberty, or give me Death” Virginian speaking in House of Burgesses
Loyalists/Tories—remained loyal to Britain based on cultural and economic ties; believed taxation justified
Neutrals—want to be as uninvolved as possible; about 1/3 of people
Battles of Rev—turning point b/c convinced the French to help, Yorktown = final battle where Cornwallis
surrendered
Matching
1. __Declaration of Independence
2. __ Common Sense
3. __ Battle of Saratoga
4. __ Battle of Yorktown
5. __Treaty of Paris, 1783
6. __Loyalists
7. __Patriots
8. __ Proclamation of 1763
9. __Salutary Neglect
10. __ Ben Franklin
A. 1781, British General Cornwallis defeated in VA/war ends
B. People in colonies who supported British, a.k.a. Tories
C. Agreement that formally ended Revolutionary War
D. July 1776, written by Jefferson, separation from England
E. Patriot who convince French to support Americans
F. British policy of “ignoring the colonies”
G. Provided soldiers for Revolutionary Army
H. Paine’s pamphlet to give reasons for revolution
I. Battle convincing French to give military aid
J. Restricted settlement of colonists to east of Appalachian