Final Review Questions
1. What is a device that does work with only one movement and changes
the size or direction of a force?
2. What is a slanted surface used to raise an object?
3. What is a bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point?
4. Two inclined planes put together form a simple machine called
a(n)___________________.
5. An inclined plane wrapped around a cylindrical post is a
______________________.
6. A winding mountain road is an example of what kind of simple machine?
7. What are two or more simple machines that work together called?
8. The rate at which work is done is _________________.
9. What is transferred to an object when work is done?
10. The unit of power is the ____________________.
11. The output work of a machine compared to the input work is the
________________ of the machine.
12. The amount by which a machine multiplies an effort force is called the
__________________.
13. A system of pulleys designed to multiply the effort force is called a
______________.
14. What main factors can be accomplished by using a simple machine?
15. What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous?
16. What is the Tyndall effect?
17. When two or more substances are combined so that each substance
maintains its own properties, the result is a(n) ____________________.
18. What is matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape ?
19. What is matter in which particles are arranged in repeating geometric
patterns?
20. What is a gaslike mixture with no definite volume or shape that is
made up of positively and negatively charged particles?
21. What is matter with no definite volume and no definite shape?
22. What is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape?
23. What is matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions
until they have spread evenly throughout their container?
24. Liquids which keep some ordered structure are ________________.
25. What is the amount of energy needed to change a material from the
solid state to the liquid state?
26. What is the the amount of energy needed to change a material from a
liquid to a gas?
27. Write out Archimede’s principle:
28. Write out Pascal’s principle:
29. Write out Bernoulli’s principle:
30. Write Charles’s Law:
31. Write out Boyle’s Law:
32. What is the most common state of matter?
33. What happens to the particles in matter when heated?
34. What is the Kinetic Theory of Matter?
35. The particles that make up a solid move _____________ than do the
particles that make up a gas.
36. Each energy level (orbital) of an atom has a maximum number of
_________________ it can hold.
37. Lewis dot structures are used to represent _______________.
38. A chemical symbol represents the _________________of an element.
39. What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table are called?
40. What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
are called?
41. What is the process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without
first becoming a liquid?
42. At room temperature, most metals are __________________.
43. What does it mean for an element to be ductile?
44. Which group of elements will have two electrons in its outer energy
level?
45. Why is hydrogen grouped with the alkali metals?
46. Which type of bonding occurs when positively charged ions are
surrounded by a cloud of electrons?
47. What is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature?
48. Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is a ___________ at
room temperature.
49. What are the elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic
table called?
50. The elements that make up a compound and the number of atoms of
each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a
____________________________.
51. In chemical formulas, the number of atoms in a unit of the compound
is shown by numbers called _____________________.
52. What type of chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons?
53. The name given to the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or
shares is the ____________________.
54. How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms
for the atom to be chemically stable?
55. What kind of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred
from atom to atom?
56. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always
_______________.
57. Why do the noble gases NOT form compounds readily?
58. The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a
_________________.
59. When one element replaces another element in a compound, the
reaction is a ____________________ reaction.
60. What is each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation
called?
61. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form
another (larger) substance is a ____________________ reaction.
62. The breaking down of a substance into two or more substances is
______________________.
63. What is each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical
equation called?
64. What type of reaction is shown in the chemical equation
NH3 + HClNH4Cl?
65. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of
the products in a chemical reaction compare with the mass of the reactants?
66. What type of chemical reaction is shown in the equation
2H2O2H2 + O2?
67. A(n) ___________________ chemical equation has the same number of
atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
68. H3O+ units are called ____________________.
69. A substance that produces H+ ions in solution is
a(n)____________________.
70. A substance that produces OH– ions in solution is
a(n)__________________.
71. Why do antacids work?
72. A solution with a bitter taste and a slippery feel is most likely
____________.
73. HCl is the formula for ____________________.
74. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?
75. What is the equation for calculating potential energy?
76. As energy transformations occur within a system, what happens to the
total energy of that system?
77. Which transfer of energy does not require matter to travel?
78. The specific heat of an object depends on what two factors?
79. Heat will always transfer from __________ to ____________.
80. What is thermal equilibrium?