Name _________________________
1 Semester Review
st
1)
Date _________________ Per.______
List the levels of classification in order.
(Domain)-Kingdom-Phylum-Order-Family-Genus0-Species “King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti/Grape Soda”
2)
What are some characteristics of living organisms?
Cellular organization, contains similar chemicals, use energy, reproduce,
respond to their surroundings, and grow and develop.
3)
What are the 5 levels of organization?
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism
4)
How did the microscope help with the discovery of the cell theory?
After the microscope was invented, it enabled scientists to view cells.
5)
What is the Cell theory and who contributed to it?
The cell theory is:

All living things are made of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

All cells are produced from other cells.
6)
Explain the theory of Spontaneous Generation.
An old theory proven to be untrue stating that non-living “things” turned into living organisms.
7)
Fill in the table below
Organelle or Structure
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Lysosome
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
8)
Function
Direct’s cells activities, reproduction
Carries products between organelles
Receives and sends materials throughout cell
Break down food particles and worn-out cell parts
Produce proteins
Produce cell’s energy
Gel-like fluid that holds cell organelles
Capture energy from sunlight produces food for the cell
Rigid wall that protects and supports
Protects the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
Stores food, water, waste, and other materials
What are the differences between an animal and plant cell?
PLANT CELL—Has a Cell Wall and Chloroplast and can make its own food through Photosynthesis and respires.
ANIMAL CELL--Doesn’t have a cell wall or chloroplast and can’t make their own food; Uses respiration for
energy.
9)
How does photosynthesis help living things?
Photosynthesis provides oxygen for all living things and food in the form of glucose while it takes in carbon
dioxide.
10)
What is the cell cycle and list the 3 phases of the cell cycle.
The cell cycle is the process of cell division resulting in 2 identical daughter cells
Phases: Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
11)
Define mitosis and list the 4 phases of mitosis in order.
Mitosis is the stage of the Cell Cycle when the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei. One copy of the DNA is
distributed into each of the two daughter cells. Mitosis stages are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
12)
What are active and passive transport and how do they maintain homeostasis and give 2
examples of each?
Passive Transport is the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy. Active
transport is the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy.
These processes maintain homeostasis by trying to maintain equilibrium so that the inside and outside of the cell
have the same concentration of materials.
Examples:
13)
Passive= Diffusion and Osmosis
Active= Engulfing and Protein Transport
Define Osmosis and Diffusion and explain where and when they occur?
OSMOSIS—The diffusion of water across a membrane.
DIFFUSION—The movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
until equilibrium has been reached. They occur across the cell membrane when the substance is unbalanced.
14)
What is photosynthesis and write the equation?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS--The process plants use to make food using the sun’s energy.
6 Co2 +
6 H2O light energy
carbon dioxide
water
15)
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
a sugar
oxygen
What happens during respiration (equation)?
RESPIRATION—The use of Oxygen to release energy from food.
Oxygen + Glucose
(O2
+ SUGAR
16)
Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water
E
+ CO2
+ H2O)
22.5
What are chromosomes and what is their function?
A double rod of condensed DNA; contains that genes that carry genetic information.
17)
What is meiosis?
The process of making sex cells that have ½ the number of chromosomes as the body cells.
18)
How many chromosomes does each human cell begin and end with for:
A. MITOSIS---Begin with 46 and end with 46 because they are exact copies.
B.MEIOSIS---Begin with 46 and end with 23 because the # is split in ½.
19)
Define:
Phenotype - The physical characteristics of an organism. **What the organism looks like.
Genotype - The genetic make-up of an organism. **The genes/alleles for a trait.
Probability - The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Mutation – Any permanent change to DNA.
Allele - A form of a trait or gene.
Dominant allele - An allele that masks or covers-up recessive alleles. **It always shows itself. ***Capital
Letter.
Recessive allele - An allele that only expresses itself when with another recessive allele. **Will be coveredup by a dominant. ***Lowercase Letter.
27)
What is a Punnett square?
A tool used to predict the probability of possible allele combinations from a genetic cross.
28) Make a Punnett square for 2 guinea pigs that have the genotype Bb (black) & bb (white).
How many offspring will be black and how many offspring will be white.
b
b
B
b
Bb
bb
Bb
bb
BLACK= 2/4 or 50%
WHITE= 2/4 or 50%
29)
Who is the father of genetics and why?
Gregor Mendel is the “Father of Genetics” because of his work on Pea Plants to determine the
rules of inheritance and how they apply to heredity.
30)
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA is a double helix.
31)
Match the following terms with their genotypic description?
a. BB
1. _a_Homozygous Dominant or Purebred Dominant
b. Bb
2. _c__Homozygous Recessive or Purebred Recessive
c. bb
3. _b__Heterozygous or Hybrid
32) Cytosine pairs with _Guanine__ and Thymine pairs with _Adenine__. In RNA Adenine
pairs with Uracil.
33) What is the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes?
A gene is a section of DNA and DNA is coiled up to form chromosomes, which are housed in
the nucleus of the cell.
35. Farmers who grow corn plants want the plants that produce the most ears of corn and are
most resistant to insects and disease. What process would a farmer use to produce corn plants
with these desired traits? Hybridization
36. Thad is a potato farmer who is trying to produce potatoes with only large traits. Which
selective breeding would be BEST for him to use to produce only large potatoes? Inbreeding
37. Which body systems work together to enable you to move? A certain kind of cell produces
a substance that breaks down proteins so they can be absorbed by the body. What
body system is the cell MOST LIKELY a part of? Digestive system
38. What body system is in charge of transportation of substances around the body to get to the
body cells? Circulatory System
39. The scientific name for bread mold is Rhizopus stonifer. Which classification group is
Rhizopus? Genus What classification group is Rhizopus stonifer? Species
E) E. R.
C) Nucleus
G) Ribosomes
F) Golgy Bodies
LO 27-28
Word Bank:
a. Cytoplasm
b. Mitochondria
c. Nucleus
d. Lysosome
e. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
f. Golgi Bodies
g. Ribosomes
h. Cell membrane
Match Definitions:
40._f__Packages and sends protein.
41._g__Produces protein.
42._h__Controls what moves in/out of
cell
43._c__Controls the
functions/reproduction of the cell
44._b__Releases energy for the cell
45._d__Digests/recycles material for
cell
46._a__Gel-like fluid that the
organelles float in
47._e__Moves materials around the
cell