Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-1
Name:
Define element & compound. Identify and describe some
Class/Period:
common compounds.
Date:
Essential Question:
What are elements and compounds?
Questions:
Notes:
ATOMS & ELEMENTS
 All matter is made of atoms
 100+ elements
 Solid, liquid, or gas
 Bromine & mercury are liquid
COMPOUNDS
 Combination of elements (2 or more)
 H2O (water)
MORE THAN ITS PARTS
 properties change from elements to compounds
 Na (sodium) – soft metal
 Cl (Chlorine) – poisonous, green gas
 NaCl = table salt
Summary:
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-2
Name:
Interpret chemical symbols. Recognize common
chemical formulas of some familiar compounds.
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question:
What are chemical formulas?
Questions:
Notes:
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
 Each element has a symbol
 Capital (H) or capital & lowercase (He)
 Not all from English names
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
 Compounds have formulas
 Tells what’s in the compound
 NaCl (salt) H2O (water)
SUBSCRIPTS
 Below the line (sub)
 After the symbol
 No subscript = ONE atom
 H = one hydrogen
 H2O = 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
Summary:
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-3
Name:
Define mineral. Identify and describe some minerals
Class/Period:
Found in Earth’s crust.
Date:
Essential Question:
What are minerals?
Questions:
Notes:
EARTH’S CRUST
 Made of elements & compounds
 75% silica (oxygen + silicon)
 Sand is silica in the form of quartz
NATURAL SOLIDS
Minerals are:
 Naturally occurring
 Solids
 Elements (gold, silver) or Compounds (quartz)
 NOT from living things (inorganic)
 Definite chemical make-up
ROCK-FORMING MINERALS
 2000+ minerals on Earth
 Only 20 common in Earth’s crust
METAL MINERALS
 Resources – recovered for use
 Aluminum, copper, silver
 Useful - can be flattened, hammered, & stretched
Summary:
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-4
Name:
Describe the properties that can be used to identify
Class/Period:
minerals.
Date:
Essential Question: How do we identify minerals?
Questions:
Notes:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Used to ID minerals
 Color, streak, luster, hardness
COLOR AND STREAK
 Color is NOT always the same (quartz – clear, purple, etc)
 Malachite – green (color), Azurite – blue (color)
 Streak – across a white plate
 Streak is always the same; Color can be different
LUSTER
1. Metallic (shiny)
2. Nonmetallic (dull)
3. Waxy
4. Vitreous (clear, glassy)
HARDNESS
 Resistance to being scratched
 Mohs’ Scale
 #1 Talc – softest
 #10 diamond – hardest
Summary:
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-5
Name:
Explain how density, magnetism, and an acid test can be
Class/Period:
Used to identify minerals>
Date:
Essential Question: What are some other ways to identify minerals?
Questions:
1. How can density be
Used to identify minerals?
2. How could you use a
Magnet to determine if an
Unknown mineral is
Magnetite?
3. What is the acid test?
Summary:
Notes:
DENSITY
 Mass ÷ volume
 g/cm3
 Always the same for a mineral
MAGNETISM
 Iron, nickel, cobalt, or steel
 Ex: magnetite contains iron and is magnetic
THE ACID TEST
 Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) will fizz
 Calcite & dolomite
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-6
Name:
Define crystals & show how they are related to minerals.
Class/Period:
Distinguish between fracture and cleavage in minerals.
Date:
Essential Question: What are crystals, cleavage, and fracture?
Questions:
Notes:
1. What is a crystal?
CRYSTAL SHAPES
 All minerals are made of crystals
 6 basic crystal systems
2. What is cleavage in
Minerals?
3. How are fracture and
Cleavage different?
Summary:
CLEAVAGE
 Smooth, flat planes
 Mica – thin, flat sheets
 Galena – cubes
 Feldspar – step-like cleavage
FRACTURE
 Uneven surfaces
 Copper – hackly
 Obsidian – concoidal
 Asbestos – splinters
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-7
Name:
Describe the main ways minerals are formed.
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question: How are minerals formed?
Questions:
1. How are minerals and
Rocks related?
2. How do crystals that
Cool very slowly differ from
Crystals that cool rapidly?
Notes:
MINERALS IN THE CRUST
 Earth’s crust is made of rocks and minerals
MAGMA COOLING
 Magma is molten (melted) rock
 Slow cooling = large crystals
 Fast cooling = small crystals
EVAPORATION
 Water evaporates and crystals remain
 Crystals grow together to form rock
3. How do crystals form
Evaporated water?
4. What are chimneys?
Summary:
PRECIPITATION
 Warm solutions hold more
 As it cools, elements & minerals leave the solution
 They crystalize out as solids
Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: 2-8
Name:
State some common uses of minerals.
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question: How are minerals used?
Questions:
1. What are 2 minerals
Used by the human body?
2. What is an ore?
Notes:
MINERAL USES
 Used in products
o Talc – powder
o Graphite – pencils
 Human Body
o Calcium & phosphorous – bones & teeth
o Iron – makes new red blood cells
ORES
 Hematite – iron
 Bauxite – aluminum
 Halite - salt
3. What are three
Precious stones?
Summary:
GEMSTONES AND GEMS
 Gemstones – beautiful and long-lasting
 Gems - cut and polished gemstones
 Precious stones – rare
o Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds
 Semi-precious – more common
o Opal, amethyst, topaz, garnet, aquamarine