Chapter 24 Study Guide Answers
Digestive System: a group of organs that work together to help break down food into nutrients
Stomach: breaks down food into a soupy mixture called chyme; contains acids that kill most of
the bacteria that is swallowed with food
Small Intestine: absorbs nutrients from food (chyme) into the bloodstream using villi
Gallbladder: stores bile (breaks down fat)
Urinary System: contains organs that remove wastes from blood
Nephron: microscopic filters in kidneys that remove wastes from blood
Esophagus: moves swallowed food from the mouth to the stomach
Pancreas: creates a digestive juice that helps neutralize and protect the small intestine from
acid in the chyme
Liver: stores nutrients, breaks down toxins and makes bile to break up fat
Large Intestine: absorbs water and stores waste
Kidney: filters water and wastes from the blood and excretes wastes as urine
1. Mechanical digestion is the crushing and mashing of food (chewing food with the
teeth). Chemical digestion is when large molecules of food are broke down into
nutrients.
2. Large intestine
3. Break down toxins, store nutrients and makes bile to break up fat
4. Carbon dioxide and ammonia
5. They are tiny filters in the kidneys, removes urea from blood and produce urine.
6. Protein
7. Saliva contains enzymes that help break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
(chemical digestion). It also helps moisten food, which makes it easier to swallow.
8. The stomach contains acid and enzymes that are strong enough to break down food.
The stomach also squeezes food with strong muscle contractions.
9. Kidney stones happen when salt and wastes collect inside the kidneys and can interfere
with the flow of urine. Bacterial infections can happen in the bladder and ureters. They
can spread to kidneys and cause permanent damage. Kidney disease is when the
kidneys are not functioning normally and the wastes in the body cannot be properly
removed.
10. Diuretics, like caffeine, cause the body to produce more urine. This decreases the
amount of water in the blood stream.