Name ________________________________
Genetics Vocabulary List
1.
Heredity – passing of traits from parents to offspring (children)
2.
Genetics – study of heredity
3.
Trait – characteristic, such as hair, eye, or skin color
4.
Blending Inheritance – a mix of genes resulting in an intermediate (tall and short make medium)
5.
Self-Pollination – reproduction by one plant (such as a pea plant) that has both male and female parts
6.
Cross-Pollination – reproduction by two plants in which the male pollen fertilizes the female ovary
7.
Purebred – offspring created as a result of self pollination (DNA is identical between parent and offspring)
8.
Hybrid - offspring created as a result of cross pollination (DNA of offspring is a mix from the parents)
9.
Gene – segment of the DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
10.
Allele – different forms of a trait (brown, black, and blond are alleles of hair color)
11.
Dominant Allele – the trait the “overtakes” the recessive trait (Tall is dominant over short)
12.
Recessive Allele – the trait that is “overtaken” or “masked” by the dominant trait
13.
Segregation – separation of alleles during gamete formation
14.
P generation – parent generation
15.
F1 generation – 1st filial generation or 1st generation of offspring
16.
F2 generation – 2nd filial generation or 2nd generation of offspring
17.
Punnett Square – used to calculate the outcome of crosses (draw a Punnett square)
18.
Genotype – the genes present in an organism (TT, Tt, tt, RR, Rr, rr are examples)
19.
Phenotype – the physical appearance of an organism (green and yellow pods, tall and short plants)
20.
Genotypic Ratio – 1RR:2Rr:1rr
21.
Phenotypic Ratio – 3 Round: 1 wrinkled
22.
Homozygous Dominant – dominant genes received from both parents (BB)
23.
Homozygous Recessive – recessive genes received from both parents (bb)
24.
Name ________________________________
Heterozygous – one dominant gene and one recessive gene received from the parents
25.
Probability – the odds something will happen
26.
Test Cross – cross a homozygous recessive (white) individual to a black individual as a test to find the genotype of the
black individual (BB or Bb)
27.
Complete Dominance – incidence in which the dominant trait totally overcomes the recessive (TT is just as tall as Tt)
28.
Incomplete Dominance - incidence in which the dominant trait mixes with the recessive to create an intermediate
(RR = Red, Rr = Pink, rr = white)
29.
Codominance - incidence in which both traits are equally dominant (BB = Black, BW = Black and White, WW = white)