AP Study session reviewHistory of Evolution
Linnaeus
Cuvier
Lyell
Lamarck
Darwin
Natural selection
Adaptations
Artificial selection
Heritable characteristics
Survival of the fittest
Fitness
Evidence
Fossil Record
Homologous structures
Embryonic development
Vestigial organs
Molecular similarities
Convergent evolution
Biogeography
Evolution of Populations
Mutations
Hardy Weinburg
Genetic drift and founder effect
Directional selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive selection
Speciation
Reproductive isolation
Prezygotic and postzygotic factors
Habitat isolation
Behavioral isolation
Temporal isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Autopolyploid
polyploidy speciation
Adaptive radiation
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Early Earthendosymbiotic theory
multicellular eukaryotes
colonization of land
Mass extinctions
1. The greatest degree of genetic variability would be expected among organisms that reproduce via
a. budding
c. sexual recombination
b. sporulation
d. vegetative propagation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Disruptive speciation
2. Mortality in an annual plant is highest among the extreme variants of that plant.
3. Favors selection of both larger and smaller snails relative to intermediate snails.
4. A population that is geographically isolated from other members of its species gives rise to a separate species.
A. Use and disuse
B. Natural selection
C. Comparative anatomy
D. Biogeography
E. Paleontology
5. A body builder develops large muscles and passes those on to offspring.
6. The appearance of strains of bacteria that are no longer affected by certain antibiotics
7. The idea that present organisms on isolated islands show similarities as their mainland ancestors
8. Increased UV irradiation causes the skin of humans to become more darkly pigmented over a period of days. The
notion that the offspring of such a tanned individual should consequently inherit darkened skin from the parents is
consistent with the ideas of
a. Darwin b. Linnaeus
c. Wallaced. Lamarck
e. Lyell
9. To observe natural selection’s effects on a population, what must be true?
a. One must observe more than one generation of the population
b. The population must contain genetic variation
c. Members of the population must increase or decrease the use of some portion of its anatomy
d. Only A and C are correct
e. Only A and B are correct
10. What term is used to refer to structures that have a similar origin or ancestry even though they may be very
different in appearance?
a. convergent
b. comparable
c. analogous
d. divergent
e. homologous
11. All of the following important concepts of population genetics are due to random events or chance EXCEPT
a. mutation
d. natural selection
b. the bottleneck effect
e. sexual recombination
c. the founder effect
12. The probability of a mutation at a particular gene locus is _________ and the probability of a mutation in the
genome of a particular individual is ________.
a. high….low
d. high…high
b. low…high
e. moderate…moderate
c. low…low
13. What is the measure of Darwinian fitness in a population?
a. longevity in a species
d. strength, in a predator
b. survival under adverse condition
s
e. fleetness, in a prey animal
c. the number of fertile offspring
14. In a population with two alleles for a particular locus, B and b, the allele frequency of B is 0,7. What would be
the frequency of heterozygous if the population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a. .7
b. .49
c. .21
d. .42
e. .09
15. Most of the variations we see in coat coloration and pattern in a population of wild mustangs in any generation
is probably due to
a. new mutations that occurred in the preceding generation
b. sexual recombination of alleles
c. genetic drift due to the small size of the population
d. geographic variation within the population
e. environmental effects
A. Gametic
B. Temporal
C. Behavioral
D. Habitat
E. Mechanical
16. Two species of orchids with different floral anatomy
17. Mating fruit flies recognize the odor, appearance and sounds of members of their own species, but not of others.
18. Two species of pine shed their pollen at different times.
19. A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is
a. the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones
b. large populations
c. geographic isolation
20. Autopolyploidy is a speciation process that begins with an event during
a. habitat selection b. copulation
c. meiosis d. embryonic development
21. Consider an allopolyploid condition where a 2n= 16 plant species fertilizes a 2n= 8 plant species. What will be
the number of chromosomes of the new fertile species?
a. 8
b. 4
c. 12
d. 20
e. 24
1. c
2. A
3. E
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. E
10. E
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. B
16. E
17. C
18. B
19. C
20. C
21. E
21.