Country factsheets – industrial emissions
Methodology report
ETC/ACM Working Paper
December 2015
Katrina Young, Justin Goodwin, Daniel Martin-Montalvo Álvarez
The European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM)
is a consortium of European institutes under contract of the European Environment Agency
RIVM Aether CHMI CSIC EMISIA INERIS NILU ÖKO-Institut ÖKO-Recherche PBL UAB UBA-V VITO 4Sfera
Front page picture:
Cover photo: Jorge Franganillo, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (https://goo.gl/rqHYk6)
Author affiliation:
Katrina Young, Justin Goodwin: Aether (UK)
Daniel Martin-Montalvo Álvarez: EEA
DISCLAIMER
This ETC/ACM Working Paper has not been published and therefore no reference can be made to it in
any other formal or published document or document meant for publication.
This document has not been subjected to any review by the European Environment Agency (EEA),
EEA’s member countries or the ETC/ACM consortium. It does not represent the formal views of the
EEA and its ETC/ACM.
ETC/ACM Working Paper
European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation
PO Box 1
3720 BA Bilthoven
The Netherlands
Phone +31 30 2748562
Fax +31 30 2744433
Email etcacm@rivm.nl
Website http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/
Contents
1
Introduction ................................................................................... 5
2
Scope .............................................................................................. 5
2.1
Definition of industry .................................................................. 5
2.2
Pollutants considered ................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Air .......................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Water ....................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Waste..................................................................................... 10
2.2.4 Soil ...........................................................................................
10
3
Gap filling ......................................................................................10
4
Data quality ...................................................................................11
5
Industrial drivers ...........................................................................12
6
5.1
Data sources ........................................................................... 12
5.2
Figures ................................................................................... 13
Industrial pollution ........................................................................16
6.1
Air emissions ........................................................................... 17
6.1.1 Data sources ........................................................................... 17
6.1.2 Figures ................................................................................... 18
6.2
Emissions to water ................................................................... 20
6.2.1 Data sources ........................................................................... 20
6.2.2 Figures ................................................................................... 21
6.3
Waste..................................................................................... 23
6.3.1 Data sources ........................................................................... 23
6.3.2 Figures ................................................................................... 23
6.4
Soil ........................................................................................ 26
References ............................................................................................27
Annex 1.................................................................................................29
1
Introduction
The European Environment Agency (EEA), together with the European Topic Centre for
Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM), is developing country factsheets
on industrial pollution in Europe.
Industrial pollution is a complex matter as it puts pressure on all environmental media
(air, biota, soil and water). These pressures are caused by different types of pollution
and different types of industrial processes. The analysis methodology below provides an
overview of industrial pollution within countries, quantifying different pressures and their
origins.
It is the aim that the factsheets can be used to provide insights to decision makes into
the key industry pressures in the EEA member countries. These factsheets also inform
the research and scientific community where data issues hinder analysis and clear
decision making. The factsheets aim to monitor the progress of industrial pollution, and
present findings on the state of industrial pollution.
2
Scope
Here we outline the scope of categories and pollutants included in the factsheets. The
scope has been designed to enable consistent analysis across air and water pollution for
industrial activities.
2.1
Definition of industry
A simple definition of industry is not easy to achieve as industry is defined differently
depending on data and perspectives. Common questions tackled in this methodology
include whether industry should include agriculture, transport for movement of goods,
transport for employees travelling to work, waste generation, and disposal.
Multiple data sources are used for the compilation of the factsheets. These include the
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), Eurostat, Greenhouse Gas
(GHG) and Air Pollutant inventories, each with their own data categories, As such, it is
important to have a clear understanding of how these sources and categories relate to
each other, and which categories are included in “industry”. The objective is to provide a
transparent presentation of the scope of industry within the factsheets.
The E-PRTR contains annual data reported by industrial facilities which exceed capacity
thresholds, covering 65 economic activities within 9 industrial sectors. The data covers
pollutant releases to air, water and land. This is the main data source for the factsheets,
due to the detailed level of reporting, high spatial resolution, and annual reporting. It
should be kept in mind that the data are a subset of total industry emissions, as it only
covers emissions above certain thresholds.
Statistics for economic activities within the European Union (EU) are grouped into
European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE) categories and are available from
Eurostat. NACE coding is a hierarchical structure, consisting of a first division level with
alphabetical code, and three further levels with two, three, and four-digit numerical
codes respectively. The economic activities within the E-PRTR are used to select which
economic activities within NACE to use for “industry”. NACE divisions B, C, D, and E are
included in industry. This covers mining & quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas,
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
5
steam, air conditioning supply; water supply, sewerage, waste management and
remediation activities, as outlined in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
NACE divisions
NACE division
code
NACE division name
B
Mining And Quarrying
C
Manufacturing
D
Electricity, Gas, Steam And Air Conditioning Supply
E
Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management And Remediation
Activities
National inventories of emissions to air are reported in separate national inventories for
greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Air pollutant emissions are reported under the
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) using Nomenclature for
Reporting (NFR).
To ensure a consistent approach for the activities included in “industry”, these data sources
have been aligned, or “mapped”. The mapping of industrial sectors from these different
data sources has been performed by consolidating two pre-existing map tables: a mapping
table created by Finnish emission experts for NACE, NFR, E-PRTR , and a table of NACE
and E-PRTR codes (ETC/ACM, 2011), and gap-filling with expert judgement. The mapping
table of the data sources is available on the Eionet forum (1). The list of codes for these
reporting systems included in “industry” is presented in Annex 1. A summary of what is
included in industry is in Box 2.1. An overview of the data sources used is in Table 2.2.
Data for all EEA33 countries is not always available from these data sources. Alternative
Box 2.1: What is industry?
Spanning multiple data sources, the scope of “industry” has attempted to cover the same
activities. In summary, these are: energy industry, metal production, cement and lime
production, mining and quarrying, chemical industry, manufacturing, waste industry
(including water and sewage management), and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and
air conditioning.
The energy used for transport in these industries is not included (except pipelines for the
transmission of energies). Agricultural activities are not included, due to the diffuse and
country-specific nature of data, making cross-comparisons inappropriate.
data sources in these instances are described in section 3 “Gap-filling”, and are included
in Table 2.2.
Exclusions
Within the initial scope of the E-PRTR sectors and NACE divisions B, C, D, E, some sectors
have been excluded from the definition of industry in this indicator. To summarise:
(1) http://forum.eionet.europa.eu/etc-acm-consortium/library/subvention-2015/task-deliveries-ap2015/task-1222industry-country-fiches-and-industrial-emissions-indicator/b.-final-drafts-approvaleea/industry_mapping_09122015
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015



CRF and NFR sector 4 – Agriculture. The reasons for this include: for specific
substances (especially nutrients) agricultural discharges will be high but also
difficult to quantify, and quite incomparable between the countries due to local
conditions, monitoring efforts and different quantification methods.
E-PRTR sector 7a & 7b - Installations for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs &
Intensive aquaculture. These are excluded as they will be mainly related to the use
of manure and fertilisers, and can therefore be considered diffuse sources.
E-PRTR sector 5.f – Urban Waste Water Treatment Plants (UWWTP). The UWWTP
sector is excluded due to the special nature of the activity; in this sector the largest
part of the treated water is urban waste water, and only a limited part is industrial
waste water (as in general only the small and medium enterprises are connected
to the sewer system). In all other European Union (EU) emission reporting, besides
the E-PRTR, the UWWTP are viewed as a separate source category, and not a part
of “industry”.
Table 2.2
Data
source
Eurostat
(ESTAT)
Eurostat
(ESTAT)
Data sources for factsheets
Use
Economy
(GVA),
energy
consumption,
water
consumption,
water abstraction
(gap-filling)
Waste generation
Reporting
updates
Annual
Reference
Biennial
ESTAT,
2015b,
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
[table env_wasgt]
EEA, 2015a; The European Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register (E-PRTR), Member States
reporting under Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No
166/2006 http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-andmaps/data/ds_resolveuid/205c00d69eaf46bd99
2efc2b25f2d64c
EEA, 2015b; National emissions reported to the
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution
(LRTAP
Convention)
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-andmaps/data/ds_resolveuid/4e4e71b79c584e4598
9949d87864a70a
ESTAT,
2015a,
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
[tables
nama_nace64_k,
nrg_110a,
env_wat_cat, env_wat_ind, and env_wat_abs]
EEA
Industry emissions
to water and air (EPRTR)
Annual
EEA
Emissions
(CLRTAP)
air
Annual
IEA
Industry
energy
consumption (Gapfilling data)
Industry GVA (Gapfilling data)
Annual
IEA,
2015,
Energy
Balances,
http://www.iea.org/Sankey/index.html
Annual
World Bank, 2015, Indicators ‘nv.ind.totl.zs’ and
‘ny.gdp.mktp.cd’.
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator
World
Bank
2.2
to
Pollutants considered
The pollutants included in this analysis have been determined through multiple criteria,
and are presented in Tables 3 and 4 for the media air and water. The overall focus is on
pollutants under specific industrial legislation. Because of this, the factsheets do not track
emerging pollutants.
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
7
2.2.1 Air
Four factors were considered for the inclusion of air pollutants. For inclusion in the
factsheets, pollutants must meet the first policy related criteria, at least one of the
subsequent pressures and impacts criteria, and the data quality of the pollutant must be
acceptable.
1. Pollutants which are covered by the Industrial Emissions Directive (EC, 2010), or
the EU Emissions Trading Directive (EC, 2003);
And
2. Pollutants which have had more than half of their emissions to air within industry
for at least one year between 2007 and latest available year, calculated via industry
emissions in the E-PRTR as a percentage of total emissions in national inventories;
Or
3. Pollutants which have an increasing proportion of their emissions to air within
industry (E-PRTR industry emissions as % of national inventories, since 2007);
Or
4. Pollutants which are responsible for the largest aggregate damage cost by industrial
facilities (calculated by the EEA (2014) report “Costs of air pollution from European
industrial facilities 2008-2012”).
PCBs are not included in the factsheets due to poor data quality of reporting in the EPRTR. Table 3 summarises the pollutants to air that are included in the factsheets.
Table 2.3
Air pollutants included in the industrial factsheets
Pollutant
Abbreviation
Group
Reason
inclusion
1, 3, 4
1, 3, 4
1, 3, 4
for
Nitrous oxides
NOx
Air pollutant
Ammonia
NH3
Air pollutant
Non
methane
volatile NMVOCs
Air pollutant
organic compounds
Particulate matter
PM10
Air pollutant
1, 4
Sulphur dioxide
SO2
Air pollutant
1, 2, 4
Arsenic
As
Heavy metal
1, 3
Chromium
Cr
Heavy metal
1, 3
Lead
Pb
Heavy metal
1, 3
Mercury
Hg
Heavy metal
1, 2
1 = pollutant covered by the IED or EU ETS
2 = pollutant with more than 50% of air emissions in industry
3 = pollutant with share of air emissions in industry increasing (2007-2013)
4 = pollutant with large damage cost from air pollution
Data sources
1 = EC (2003; 2010)
2, 3 = EEA (2015a; 2015b)
4 = EEA (2014)
2.2.2 Water
Four factors were considered for the inclusion of water pollutants. For inclusion in the
factsheets, pollutants must meet the first policy related criteria, at least one of the
subsequent pressures and impacts criteria, and the data quality of the pollutant must be
acceptable.
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
1. Pollutants which are covered by the Industrial Emissions Directive (EC, 2010), the
Water Framework Directive (EC, 2000), or the OSPAR list of chemicals for priority
action;
And
2. Pollutants which are highlighted as having a potential significant impact on health
in water (determined through the toxicity, bioavailability, bioaccumulation
potential);
Or
3. Pollutants which have significant eutrophication impacts on water and ecosystems;
Or
4. Substances which affect the oxygen balance of water.
The Water Framework Directive’s (EC, 2000) list of priority substances covers 33
substances or groups of substances, under which 13 are priority hazardous substances.
More recently, the European Commission’s proposal (EC, 2011) for a Directive amending
the Water Framework Directive, puts forward further pollutants for consideration to be
added as priority substances. Although the E-PRTR covers these substances and more,
the data quality and consistency of reporting across countries is only sufficient for a
small selection of water pollutants. Pollutants outside this selection, including PAHs and
dioxins and furans, are not included in the factsheets due to poor data quality of
reporting in the E-PRTR. Table 4 summarises the pollutants to water that are included in
the factsheets. It is emphasized therefore that this reduced list of pollutants included in
the factsheets does not cover numerous organic pollutants, pesticides and emerging
compounds like pharmaceuticals and microplastics.
Table 2.4
Water pollutants included in the industrial factsheets
Pollutant
Abbreviation
Group
Arsenic
As
Heavy metal
Cadmium
Cd
Heavy metal
Chromium
Cr
Heavy metal
Copper
Cu
Heavy metal
Lead
Pb
Heavy metal
Mercury
Hg
Heavy metal
Nickel
Ni
Heavy metal
Zinc
Zn
Heavy metal
Total Nitrogen
Tot-N
Inorganic substances
Total Phosphorus
Tot-P
Inorganic substances
Total
Organic TOC
Organic substances
Carbon
1 = pollutant covered by the IED, WFD, or OSPAR
2 = pollutant with potential significant health impacts
3 = pollutant with significant eutrophication impacts in water
4 = pollutant with an unfavourable influence on the oxygen balance
Reason
inclusion
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 3
1, 3
1, 4
for
Data sources
1 = EC (2010); OSPAR (2014); EC (2000),
2 = WHO (2010); OSPAR (2014)
3, 4 = EC (2000)
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
9
2.2.3 Waste
Waste is defined as “any substance which the holder discards or intends or is required to
discard” (Eurostat, 2015). Data concerning industrial waste is grouped into three sectors:
hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste, and waste from mining & quarrying.
Hazardous waste can pose a risk to health or the environment if not managed and disposed
correctly. The properties of waste which render it hazardous are defined in Annex III to
Directive EC, 2008, and include being explosive, flammable, toxic, and carcinogenic.
Waste from mining and quarrying is presented in its own group, due to the different nature
and large volumes of this type of waste. Mining and quarrying waste is waste resulting
from the prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the
working of quarries. This category of waste is also addressed by a separate Directive on
the management of waste (EC, 2006).
2.2.4 Soil
Pollutants for the media soil are to be defined and included in future versions of the
factsheets.
3
Gap filling
The aim of the country factsheets is to cover industrial pollution in all EEA33 countries:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. However, not all
of the data sources cover all of the countries. Where data are missing, a gap-filling
methodology is followed.
Final energy consumption – industry
No data for Switzerland, Iceland or Liechtenstein. An alternative data source, the
International Energy Agency’s (IEA, 2015) energy balances, is used for Switzerland and
Iceland. No alternative data source is found for Liechtenstein. The scope of industry in
the IEA data is the same as Eurostat, except that construction is also included. Due to the
low level of detail, it is not possible to remove this data so that the scope matches
completely.
Water consumption by sector
For almost all countries, the timeseries data for water consumption in industrial sectors
and total water consumption is incomplete, or missing. Where there is enough data, a
gap-filling methodology is followed. Where only one or two years are provided, data was
gap-filled using the same trend as obtained from the timeseries data for water abstraction
in the sector.
GVA by sector
No data at all for Liechtenstein, Ireland, Iceland, Croatia, Cyprus, or Malta. Only total GVA
available for Turkey.
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
For these countries, an alternative data source, the World Bank, is used. Two indicators
are combined to obtain the industry GVA. National GDP is obtained from World Bank
(2015), and converted into million euros, using annual average exchange rates of $US to
€ from Ameco (2015). The second data set, industry as % of national GDP, is used to
calculate industry GVA in million euros. Non-industry GVA is calculated by subtracting this
industry GVA from national GDP. The World Bank’s definition of industry is the same as
Eurostat, except that construction is also included. No more detailed data are available
than industry total, so it is not possible to remove this data so that the scopes match
completely.
For almost all countries, some data are missing for certain years for some NACE activities
in the Eurostat data. If the missing data are at the end of a time-series, then a linear
extrapolation calculation is performed. If the data are in the middle of a time-series, a
linear interpolation calculation is performed.
E-PRTR emissions
Turkey and Croatia do not report to the E-PRTR. No data available for Liechtenstein.
CLRTAP emissions
Greece and Liechtenstein have not reported emissions to the CLRTAP in 2015. This means
they are not in the database, and a manual extraction per pollutant is necessary from the
CEIP website. 2012 emissions are available for Greece, 2013 emissions are available for
Liechtenstein.
Outliers
In some instances, there are clear outliers of data where an error in data submissions can
be assumed. This usually presents itself as a large, sudden increase or decrease of data
in the time series. Where outliers are identified, the data are removed and replaced with
data linearly interpolated between the nearest years, or linearly extrapolated if at the end
of a time series. Any outliers processed in this way are noted in figures.
EEA gap-filling
It is requested that the EEA make efforts to gap-fill data by cooperating with countries in
some instances. Specifically, obtaining:
 E-PRTR equivalent data for Turkey, Croatia, and Liechtenstein
 Final energy consumption for industry, for Liechtenstein
4
Data quality
E-PRTR
The quality of data reported to the E-PRTR is the responsibility of operators and national
competent authorities. However, the European Environment Agency, with the European
Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change, has been working on improvements in an informal
data review of the E-PRTR dataset. Whilst the E-PRTR provides a highly detailed level of
information of emissions, the completeness and consistency of reporting across countries
is varied. Improvements in the data quality would increase the robustness of the factsheet
data.
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
11
Water
Although a number of reporting obligations for water pollution exist, none of the present
databases covers all relevant sources and pathways of pollutants to water. As such, it is
not possible to compare the industrial discharges to water with the total discharges of all
sources on a regular basis. This is why water pollution in Figure 6 of the factsheet is
compared to total industrial water pollution, rather than a “total” water pollution, and the
significance of industry to water pollution as a whole cannot be assessed.
The Water Framework Directive’s (EC, 2000) list of priority substances covers 33
substances or groups of substances, under which 13 are priority hazardous substances.
Some of these have been excluded from the factsheets due to poor data quality of
reporting in the E-PRTR. For a more accurate representation of the state of industrial water
pollution, more complete and reliable data in the E-PRTR would be necessary.
5
Industrial drivers
This section is used to highlight how important industry is for each country’s economy.
The graphs present information on the size of different industrial sectors in each country
in terms of gross value added, energy consumption, and water consumption.
The two key parameters for each driver in this section, using GVA as the example industrial
driver, are:
Percentage of total economy
The percentage that a country’s industrial GVA makes up of the EEA33 total GVA for each
industry sector, are summed for all sectors. This aggregation of percentages provides an
overview of the significance of industrial GVA across all sectors.
Percentage of country economy
The percentage that a country’s industrial GVA makes up of the country total GVA for each
industry sector, are summed for all sectors. This aggregation of percentages provides an
overview of the significance of industrial GVA across all sectors within the selected country.
5.1
Data sources
The data sources for this chapter are taken from the Eurostat statistics database.
Data




extraction 1: Gross Value Added (GVA) (ESTAT, 2015a)
Indicator [gross value added at basic prices]
Unit [million euro at prices of the previous year]
NACE Rev 2 codes [Total, B, C, D, E]
Time: 2000-2013
Data extraction 2: Final energy consumption – Industry (ESTAT, 2015a)
 Indicator [Final energy consumption; Iron and Steel; Non-ferrous metals; Chemical
and petrochemical; non-metallic minerals; Mining and Quarrying; Food and
Tobacco; Textile and Leather; Paper, Pulp and Print; Transport Equipment;
Machinery; Wood and Wood Products; Non-specified Industry]
 Product [All products]
 Unit [Terajoules]
 Time [1990-2013]
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015

Country [EU28 countries + Norway, Turkey]
The industry sectors in data extraction 2 are assigned sectors for aggregation as follows:
Table 5.1
Energy industry sectors
Energy group
Sector
Iron and Steel
Metal Industry
Non-Ferrous Metals
Metal Industry
Chemical and Petrochemical
Chemical Industry
Non-Metallic Minerals
Other Industry
Mining and Quarrying
Mining and Quarrying
Food and Tobacco
Manufacturing
Textile and Leather
Manufacturing
Paper, Pulp and Print
Manufacturing
Transport Equipment
Manufacturing
Machinery
Manufacturing
Wood and Wood Products
Manufacturing
Non-specified (Industry)
Other Industry
Final Energy Consumption
Total
Energy
Consumption
Data





5.2
extraction 3: Water consumption (ESTAT, 2015a)
NACE [B; C; D2511_D3513; TOTAL_HH)
Wat_Proc [Public Water supply]
Unit [Million cubic metres]
Time [1990-2013]
Country [EU28 countries + Norway, Turkey, Switzerland, Iceland]
Figures
Figures are numbered as they would appear in the factsheets, not according to the layout
of this methodology.
Example illustrations of figures may be adapted in the process of implementing this
methodology, and may not appear the same in the finalised outputs. Example figures have
been made in the 3rd party commercial software package Tableau (2).
Figure 1: GVA of industry as % of EEA33 economy, and within the country’s
economy.
Developing the figure [data extraction 1]:
Part 1
Sum the industrial GVA by country, year, and NACE division.
Sum all “Total” GVA across countries, per year, to obtain EEA33 total GVA.
For each country and year, subtract the sum of the industry GVA from the total GVA, to
obtain Non-Industry GVA.
(2) http://www.tableau.com/
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
13
Divide GVA per NACE division (or non-industry), country, and year, by the total EEA33
GVA for that year.
 Stacked bar graph of latest year
 Y axis: country
 X axis: % of total EEA33 GVA
 Colour by NACE division, non-industry is grey
Part 2
For each country, year, and category (each NACE division and all non-industry), divide the
GVA by country “Total” GVA.
 Pie chart of latest year, country highlighted in Part 1
 Shows % of total country GVA
 Colour by NACE division, non-industry is grey
Example Figure 1: GVA of industry as % of EEA33 economy, and within the country’s
economy 2013 – UK example
Figure 2. Industry GVA
Developing the figure [data extraction 1]:
Sum the industrial GVA by country, year, and NACE division.
Sum the industrial GVA by country and year, to obtain total industry GVA.
 Line graph
 Y axis: GVA (Million euros)
 X axis: Year
 Colour by NACE division, total industry GVA is black
Example Figure 2: Industry GVA - UK
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
Figure 3. Energy consumption of industry as % of EEA33 energy
consumption, and country detail
Developing the figure [data extraction 2]:
Part 1
Sum the industrial energy consumption by assigned sector, as detailed in Table 5, per
country and year.
Sum all “Total energy consumption” across countries, per year, to obtain EEA33 total
energy consumption.
For each country and year, subtract the sum of the industry energy consumption from the
total energy consumption, to obtain Non-Industry energy consumption.
For each sector group, country, and year, divide energy consumption by the total EEA33
energy consumption for that year.
 Stacked bar graph
 Y axis: country
 X axis: % of total EEA33 energy consumption
 Colour by energy sector, non-industry is grey
Part 2
For each country, year, and energy sector (and non-industry), divide the energy
consumption by country “Total” energy consumption.
 Bubbles of latest year, country highlighted in Part 1
 Shows % of total country energy consumption
 Colour by energy sector, non-industry is grey
Same design as figure 1.
Figure 4. Industry energy consumption
Developing the figure [data extraction 2]:
Sum the industrial energy consumption by country, year, and assigned sector, as detailed
in Table 4.
 Line graph
 Y axis: energy consumption (Terajoules)
 X axis: Year
 Colour by NACE division, total country industry energy consumption is black
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
15
Same design as figure 2.
Figure 5. Water consumption of industry as % of EEA33 water
consumption, and country detail
Developing the figure [data extraction 3]:
Part 1
Sum all “All NACE activities plus households” across countries, per year, to obtain EEA33
total water consumption.
For each country and year, subtract the sum of the industry water consumption from the
total water consumption, to obtain Non-Industry water consumption.
For each NACE division, country, and year, divide water consumption by the total EEA33
water consumption for that year.
 Stacked bar graph
 Y axis: country
 X axis: % of total EEA33 water consumption
 Colour by NACE division, non-industry is grey
Part 2
For each country, year, and category (each NACE division and all non-industry), divide the
water consumption by country “Total” water consumption.
 Bubbles of latest year, country highlighted in Part 1
 Shows % of total country water consumption
 Colour by NACE division, non-industry is grey
Same design as figure 1.
Figure 6. Industry water consumption
Developing the figure [data extraction 3]:
 Line graph
 Y axis: water consumption (million cubic metres)
 X axis: Year
 Colour by NACE division, total country industry water consumption is black
Same design as figure 2.
6
Industrial pollution
Some key parameters are used for all media to provide insights into the state of industry
in the countries.
Percentage of country total pollution
The emissions of a country’s industrial activities are calculated as a percentage of the total
country emissions of that pollutant from all sources.
Decoupling
Decoupling of industry emissions from industry GVA growth can be absolute (emissions
decrease where GVA increases) or relative (emissions increase at a slower rate than GVA).
Both are important for reducing the impact on the environment without hindering
economic development.
16
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
6.1
Air emissions
The figures in this section present industry emissions, by sector, as a percentage of total
country emissions of that pollutant, and decoupling of industrial pollution from the
economy and energy consumption.
6.1.1 Data sources
Data extraction 1 is used again in this section, described in section 5.1.
Data are taken from the EEA databases for emissions reported to the E-PRTR (EEA, 2015a)
and CLRTAP (EEA, 2015b).
Industry trend emissions to air are extracted from the E-PRTR. The EEA countries’ total
air emissions, and industrial emissions of the latest year, are extracted from the CLRTAP
database,
Data are taken from the E-PRTR. A query is created to link the tables [PollutantRelease],
[FacilityReport], and [FacilityID_Changes] to add the fields ‘ReportingYear’
[FacilityID_Changes] and ‘NACEMainEconomicActivity’ [FacilityReport] to the data in
[PollutantRelease], via the field ‘FacilityReportID’. This query is filtered on the medium
“Air”, and for the air pollutants listed in Table 3. A unique list of the
NACEMainEconomicActivity is created, and a NACE division is mapped to each, using the
mapping document available on the Eionet Forum. Only the NACE activities included in the
industry definition in the mapping document are included, and assigned a NACE division
code B, C, D, or E. The final query sums these emissions by NACE division, country, year,
and pollutant.
Turkey does not report data to the E-PRTR.
The following data are selected from the E-PRTR database (EEA, 2015a):
Extraction 4: industrial air emissions
 NACEMainActivityName [B, C, D, E]
 Year [2007-latest available]
 Pollutant name [those listed in table 3]
 Emissions
 Unit
 Medium [Air]
 Country [EU28 countries + Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein]
The following data on air pollutants are taken from a database containing information on
annual air pollutant emissions submitted by EEA member states to the CLRTAP. It covers
emission data since 1990, reported by all EEA countries. The emissions are broken down
by NFR sectors, using the revised “NFR14” nomenclature (3). Greece and Liechtenstein
have not reported for 2013, so are not included in the EEA database. Their data is
downloaded individually from the CEIP website, using the same extraction criteria as in
extraction 5.
The following data are selected from the CLRTAP database (EEA, 2015b):
Extraction 5: air pollutant emissions
(3) http://www.ceip.at/reporting_instructions
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
17






Country [all EEA33 countries]
Sector code [all at most detailed level available, excluding national totals, memo
items, and LULUCF]
Year [latest available]
Pollutant name [those listed in table 3]
Emissions
Unit
Emissions from extraction 5 are grouped into industry sectors as per the mapping
document. Non-industry activities are grouped together.
6.1.2 Figures
Figures are numbered as they would appear in the factsheets, not according to the layout
of this methodology.
Example illustrations of figures may be adapted in the process of implementing this
methodology, and may not appear the same in the finalised outputs. Example figures have
been made in the 3rd party commercial software package Tableau (4).
Figure 7: Industrial air emissions as % of total country pollution, with sector
origins.
Developing the figure:
For the latest year in each country, pollutant, and sector group, divide the industry
emissions by country total industrial emissions for that pollutant [Data extraction 5].
 Bar chart of latest year
 Y axis is pollutant
 X axis is percentage of total pollutant emissions
 Coloured by sector, non-industry is grey
Example Figure 7 - Industrial air emissions as % of total country pollution, with sector
origins (2013) - UK
(4) http://www.tableau.com/
18
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
Figure 8: Industrial air pollution versus the economy
Developing the figure:
Sum the emissions in each NACE division by year and country to get total air industry
emissions in each country by pollutant per year [Data extraction 4].
Divide the industry emissions by emissions in 2007, for each pollutant and country, to
normalise trends.
Divide the sum of GVA for industry sectors for each country and year [Data extraction 1]
by industry GVA in 2007.
 Line graph
 Y axis: industrial emissions, industry GVA (relative to 2007)
 X axis: year
 Colour by pollutant
 Figure 8: industry GVA, main air pollutants
 Figure 9: industry GVA, heavy metals
Example Figure 8 – front tab: Industrial air pollution versus the economy – UK
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
19
6.2
Emissions to water
6.2.1 Data sources
Uses data extractions 1 and 2 as described in section 3.1.
Data are taken from the E-PRTR. A query is created to link the tables [PollutantRelease],
[FacilityReport], and [FacilityID_Changes] to add the fields ‘ReportingYear’
[FacilityID_Changes] and ‘NACEMainEconomicActivity’ [FacilityReport] to the data in
[PollutantRelease], via the field ‘FacilityReportID’. This query is filtered on the medium
“Water” for the water pollutants listed in Table 3. A unique list of the
NACEMainEconomicActivity is created, and a NACE division is mapped to each, using the
mapping document available on the Eionet Forum. Only the NACE activities included in the
industry definition in the mapping document are included, and assigned a NACE division
code B, C, D, or E. The final query sums these emissions by NACE division, year, and
pollutant.
Turkey does not report data to the E-PRTR.
The following data are selected from the E-PRTR database:
Extraction 6: Industrial water emissions
 NACEMainActivityName [B, C, D, E]
 Year [2007-latest available]
 Pollutant name [those listed in table 4]
 Emissions
 Unit
 Medium [Water]
 Country [EU28 countries + Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein]
Aggregation by toxicity
For figure 7, heavy metal emissions to water are aggregated by toxicity. The aggregation
of heavy metals is based on absolute sums of kg of pollutants released, weighted by factors
corresponding to the reciprocal Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC) values
20
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
(1/PNEC) for each pollutant and made equivalent to one of the metals - here Mercury (Hg)
has been chosen. If it is made equivalent to another metal, the diagram would look the
same but have another scaling on the ordinate axis. This weighting was made in order to
reflect the differences in the environmental impact of the heavy metals. The PNECs used
are presented in table 6.
Table 6
Heavy metal PNECs
Heavy metal
PNEC (μg/l)
As
0.6
Cd
0.2
Cr
0.6
Cu
2.6
Hg
0.05
Ni
8.6
Pb
1.3
Zn
3.4
Source: the Background Document "Establishment of a list of Predicted No Effect
Concentrations (PNECs) for naturally occurring substances in produced water" (OSPAR
Agreement 2014-05).
Total metal equivalent (Hg) release (per country, per year) = LAs* (PNEC Hg / PNEC As)
+ LCd* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Cd) + LCr* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Cr) + LCu* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Cu) +
LHg* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Hg) + LNi* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Ni) + LPb* (PNEC Hg / PNEC Pb) + LZn
(PNEC Hg / PNEC Zn)
= (LAs*(0.05/0.6)) + (LCd*(0.05/0.2)) + (LCr*(0.05/0.6)) + (LCu*(0.05/2.6)) + LHg +
(LNi*(0.05/8.6)) + (LPb*(0.05/1.3)) + (LZn*(0.05/3.4))
Where, for example, LCd = Cd emissions to water per country and year.
6.2.2 Figures
Figures are numbered as they would appear in the factsheets, not according to the layout
of this methodology.
Example illustrations of figures may be adapted in the process of implementing this
methodology, and may not appear the same in the finalised outputs. Example figures have
been made in the 3rd party commercial software package Tableau (5).
Figure 10: Industrial water emissions as % of country E-PRTR industrial
pollution, with sector origins.
Developing the figure:
For the latest year in each country, pollutant, and NACE activity, divide the industry
emissions by country total industrial emissions for that pollutant [Data extraction 6].
 Bar chart of latest year
 Y axis is pollutant
 X axis is percentage of total pollutant emissions
 Coloured by sector, non-industry is grey
(5) http://www.tableau.com/
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
21
Example Figure 10 - Industrial water emissions as % of country E-PRTR industrial
pollution, with sector origins (2013)
Figure 11: Industrial water pollution (E-PRTR) versus the economy
Developing the figure:
Sum the emissions in each NACE division by year and country to get total water industry
emissions in each country by pollutant per year [Data extraction 6].
Aggregate heavy metal emissions by toxicity as described in section 6.2.1.
Divide the industry emissions by emissions in 2007, for each pollutant (heavy metals
aggregated) and country, to normalise trends.
Divide the sum of GVA for industry sectors for each country and year [Data extraction 1]
by industry GVA in 2007.
 Line graph
 Y axis: industrial emissions, industry GVA (relative to 2007)
 X axis: year
 Colour by pollutant
Figure 11: industry GVA, main pollutants and aggregated heavy metals
Figure 12: industry GVA, heavy metals
Example Figure 12 - Industrial water pollution (E-PRTR) versus the economy (UK example)
22
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
6.3
Waste
6.3.1 Data sources
Data extraction 1 is used again in this section, described in section 5.1.
Data are retrieved from the Eurostat statistics database.
Extraction 7: generation of waste (env_wasgt) (ESTAT, 2015b)
 Waste type [total]
 NACE Rev 2 codes [B; C; D; E; “all NACE activities including households”]
 Time [all]
 Unit [tonnes]
 Hazard [Hazardous waste; Non-hazardous waste]
Data are summed to NACE divisions B, C, D, E.
6.3.2 Figures
Figures are numbered as they would appear in the factsheets, not according to the layout
of this methodology.
Example illustrations of figures may be adapted in the process of implementing this
methodology, and may not appear the same in the finalised outputs. Example figures have
been made in the 3rd party commercial software package Tableau (6).
Figure 13: Industrial waste as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity and
country %.
Part 1. Developing the figure:
Sum the industrial waste by NACE, country, and year, for each hazard type [Data
extraction 7].
Sum total waste for all countries by year, for each hazard type [Data extraction 7].
(6) http://www.tableau.com/
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
23
Subtract the sum of industry waste for each country and year from total waste in each
country and year, for each hazard type, to obtain non-industry waste by country, hazard
type, and year.
Divide waste by the total EEA generation for each year.
The NACE division percentages are stacked within each country, and countries are ordered
on the graph according to the sum of the percentages.
 Stacked bar graph, latest year available
 Y axis: country
 X axis: % of total EEA33 waste
 Colour by pollutant (grouped by type, non-industry is grey)
In the mirror Y axis, a graph of industrial waste intensity is added.
Part 2. Developing the figure:
For each country and year, sum the GVA of each industrial sector to obtain total industry
GVA [Data extraction 1].
For each country, hazard type, and year, sum the waste generated (tonnes) [Data
extractions 7].
For each country, hazard type, and year, divide the first calculation by the second, to
obtain the intensity of industrial waste; the relationship between the industrial economy
and waste generation.
 Bar chart
 Y axis: country (ordered by total contribution to EEA waste generation)
 X axis: industry waste intensity
Part 3. Developing the figure:
For each country, year, hazard type, and category (NACE divisions and non-industry),
divide the waste generation by total country waste generation to obtain the % of country
waste generation.
 Pie chart
 Size: % of country waste
 Colour by NACE division
Figure 13: Non-hazardous waste (NACE divisions C, D, E)
Figure 14: Hazardous waste (NACE divisions C, D, E)
Figure 15: Mining & Quarrying (NACE division B)
Example Figure 13: Non-hazardous industrial waste as % of total EEA waste, with waste
intensity, and country %, UK, 2012.
24
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
Figure 16: Decoupling of industrial waste.
Divide the industry waste generation by waste in 2004, for each NACE division, hazard
type, and country, to normalise trends [Data extraction 7].
Divide the sum of GVA for industry sectors [Data extraction 1] by industry GVA in 2004
for each country and year.
 Line graph
 Y axis: industrial waste generation and industry GVA (relative to 2004)
 X axis: year
 Colour by NACE division
Figure 16: Non-hazardous
Figure 17: Hazardous
Example Figure 16: Decoupling of industrial waste – UK, non-hazardous.
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
25
6.4
Soil
Industry is a major contributor to soil contamination in Europe. There is a lack of goodquality and comparable quantifiable soil data for countries within the EEA33, which limits
analysis of trends in soil pollution (EEA, 2015c). Inclusion of soil pollution in country
factsheets will be developed in future versions of the factsheets.
26
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
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Ameco, 2015, Annual macro-economic database: Exchange rate and purchasing power
parities, Monetary Variables
(http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/zipped_en.htm) accessed
10 October 2015.
EC, 2012, Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive
(2000/60/EC). Guidance Document No. 28 Technical Guidance on the Preparation of an
Inventory of Emissions, Discharges and Losses of Priority and Priority Hazardous
Substances. Technical Report – 2012 – 58 (https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/6a3fb5a04dec-4fde-a69d-5ac93dfbbadd/Guidance%20document%20n28.pdf) accessed 6 August
2015.
EC, 2011, Proposal for A Directive Of The European Parliament And Of The Council
Amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the
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2015.
EC, 2010, Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24
November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)
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accessed 7 August 2015.
EC, 2008, Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19
November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF)
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EC, 2006, Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15
March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending
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Commission (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0021)
accessed 7 August 2015.
EC, 2003, Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13
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(http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-andmaps/data/ds_resolveuid/205c00d69eaf46bd992efc2b25f2d64c) accessed 7 December
2015.
EEA 2015b, National emissions reported to the Convention on Long-range
Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-
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maps/data/ds_resolveuid/4e4e71b79c584e45989949d87864a70a) accessed 14
November 2015.
EEA, 2015c, The European Environment: State and Outlook 2015
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer) accessed 31 July 2015.
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(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/costs-of-air-pollution-2008-2012) accessed 5
August 2015.
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env_wat_ind”, and “env_wat_abs” (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database)
accessed 10 August 2015.
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(http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database) accessed 17 August 2015.
ETC/ACM, 2011, Annex E: Correlation of the Eurostat and E‐PRTR economic activities’
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accessed 10 September 2015.
OSPAR, 2014, Establishment of a list of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for
naturally occurring substances in produced water (OSPAR Agreement 2014-05)
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361476
/OSPAR_RBA_Predicted_No_Effect_Concentrations__PNECs__Background_Document.pdf
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(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator) accessed 10 September 2015.
28
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
Annex 1
Table A1.1 presents the list of codes used to extract data from Eurostat (NACE), the EPRTR, and the Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (NFR codes).
Table A1.1
Industry Codes
E-PRTR codes
1a
Mineral oil and gas refineries
1b
Installations for gasification and liquefaction
1c
Thermal power stations and other combustion installations (>50 MW)
1d
Coke ovens
1e
Coal rolling mills
1f
Installations for the manufacture of coal products and solid smokeless fuel
2a
Metal ore roasting or sintering installations
2b
2c
Installations for the production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary melting) including
continuous casting
Installations for the processing of ferrous metals
2d
Ferrous metal foundries
2e
Installations for non-ferrous metals
2f
3a
Installations for surface treatment of metals and plastic materials using an electrolytic or
chemical process
Underground mining and related operations
3b
Opencast mining and quarrying
3c
Installations for the production of cement clinker and lime in rotary kilns
3d
3e
Installations for the production of asbestos and the manufacture of asbestos-based
products
Installations for the manufacture of glass, incl. Glass fibre
3f
Installations for melting mineral substances, incl. The production of mineral fibres
3g
Installations for the manufacture of ceramic products by firing
4a
Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of basic organic chemicals
4b
Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of basic inorganic chemicals
4c
Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of fertilisers
4d
4f
Installations using a chemical or biological process for the production on an industrial scale
of basic plant health products and of biocides
Installations using a chemical or biological process for the production on an industrial scale
of basic pharmaceutical products
Installations for the production on an industrial scale of explosives and pyrotechnic products
5a
Installations for the disposal or recovery of hazardous waste
5b
Installations for the incineration of non-hazardous waste
5c
Installations for the disposal of non-hazardous waste
5d
Landfills
5e
Installations for the disposal or recycling of animal carcasses and animal waste
5g
Independently operated industrial wastewater treatment plants
6a
Industrial plants for the production of pulp from timber or similar fibrous materials
6b
Industrial plants for the production of paper and board and other primary wood products
6c
Industrial plants for the preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals
8a
Slaughterhouses
8b
Treatment and processing intended for the production of food and beverage products from
animal raw materials other than milk; from vegetable raw materials
Treatment and processing of milk
4e
8c
9a
9b
Plants for the pre‐treatment (operations such as washing, bleaching, mercerisation) or
dyeing of fibres or textiles
Plants for the tanning of hides and skins
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
29
9c
9e
Installations for the surface treatment of substances, objects or products using organic
solvents
Installations for the production of carbon (hard-burnt coal) or electrographite by means of
incineration or graphitization
Installations for the building of, and painting or removal of paint from ships
B051
Mining of hard coal
B052
Mining of lignite
B061
Extraction of crude petroleum
B062
Extraction of natural gas
B071
Mining of iron ores
B072
Mining of non-ferrous metal ores
B081
Quarrying of stone, sand and clay
B089
Mining and quarrying n.e.c.
B091
Mining support service activities
B091
Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction
B099
Support activities for other mining and quarrying
C101
Processing and preserving of meat and production of meat products
C102
Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
C103
Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
C104
Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats
C105
Manufacture of dairy products
C106
Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products
C107
Manufacture of bakery and farinaceous products
C108
Manufacture of other food products
C109
Manufacture of prepared animal feeds
C110
Manufacture of beverages
C120
Manufacture of tobacco products
C131
Preparation and spinning of textile fibres
C132
Weaving of textiles
C133
Finishing of textiles
C139
Manufacture of other textiles
C141
Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel
C151
C161
Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery and harness;
dressing and dyeing of fur
Sawmilling and planing of wood
C162
Manufacture of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials
C171
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard
C172
Manufacture of articles of paper and paperboard
C181
Printing and service activities related to printing
C182
Reproduction of recorded media
C191
Manufacture of coke oven products
C192
Manufacture of refined petroleum products
C201
C202
Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilisers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic
rubber in primary forms
Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products
C203
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics
C204
C205
Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and
toilet preparations
Manufacture of other chemical products
C206
Manufacture of man-made fibres
C211
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
C212
Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations
C221
Manufacture of rubber products
9d
Eurostat NACE name
30
ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
C222
Manufacture of plastic products
C231
Manufacture of glass and glass products
C232
Manufacture of refractory products
C233
Manufacture of clay building materials
C234
Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products
C235
Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster
C236
Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster
C237
Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
C239
Manufacture of abrasive products and non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
C241
Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys
C242
Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel
C243
Manufacture of other products of first processing of steel
C244
Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
C245
Casting of metals
C251
Manufacture of structural metal products
C252
Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal
C253
Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers
C254
Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
C255
Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy
C256
Treatment and coating of metals; machining
C257
Manufacture of cutlery, tools and general hardware
C259
Manufacture of other fabricated metal products
C261
Manufacture of electronic components and boards
C262
Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment
C263
Manufacture of communication equipment
C265
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation; watches
and clocks
Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
C268
C271
C272
Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and
control apparatus
Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
C273
Manufacture of wiring and wiring devices
C274
Manufacture of electric lighting equipment
C275
Manufacture of domestic appliances
C279
Manufacture of other electrical equipment
C281
Manufacture of general-purpose machinery
C282
Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery
C283
Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery
C284
Manufacture of metal forming machinery and machine tools
C289
Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery
C291
Manufacture of motor vehicles
C292
C293
Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semitrailers
Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
C301
Building of ships and boats
C302
Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock
C303
Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
C304
Manufacture of military fighting vehicles
C309
Manufacture of transport equipment n.e.c.
C310
Manufacture of furniture
C321
Manufacture of jewellery, bijouterie and related articles
C323
Manufacture of sports goods
C324
Manufacture of games and toys
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
31
C325
Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
C329
Manufacturing n.e.c.
C331
Repair of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment
C332
Installation of industrial machinery and equipment
D351
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
D352
Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains
D353
Steam and air conditioning supply
E360
Water collection, treatment and supply
E370
Sewerage
E381
Waste collection
E382
Waste treatment and disposal
E383
Materials recovery
E390
Remediation activities and other waste management services
1A1a
Public electricity and heat production
1A1b
Petroleum refining
1A1c
Manufacture of solid fuels and other energy industries
1A2a
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Iron and steel
1A2b
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Non-ferrous metals
1A2c
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Chemicals
1A2d
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Pulp, Paper and Print
1A2e
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Food processing,
beverages and tobacco
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Non-metallic minerals
NFR14
1A2f
1 A 2 g viii
1A3ei
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Other (Please specify
in your IIR)
Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction: Other (Please specify
in the IIR)
Pipeline transport
1 A 3 e ii
Other (please specify)
1A4ai
Commercial / institutional: Stationary
1A4bi
Residential: Stationary
1A4ci
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: Stationary
1A5a
Other stationary (including military)
1B1a
Fugitive emission from solid fuels: Coal mining and handling
1B1b
Fugitive emission from solid fuels: Solid fuel transformation
1B1c
Other fugitive emissions from solid fuels
1B2ai
Fugitive emissions oil: Exploration, production, transport
1 B 2 a iv
Fugitive emissions oil: Refining / storage
1B2av
Distribution of oil products
1B2b
1B2c
Natural gas (exploration, production, processing, transmission, storage, distribution and
other)
Venting and flaring (oil, gas, combined)
1B2c
Venting and flaring (oil, gas, combined)
1B2d
Other fugitive emissions from energy production
2A1
Cement production
2A2
Lime production
2A3
Glass production
2A5a
Quarrying and mining of minerals other than coal
2A5c
Storage, handling and transport of mineral products
2A6
2B1
Other Mineral products (Please specify the sources included/excluded in the notes column
to the right)
Ammonia production
2 B 10 a
Chemical industry: Other (Please specify in the IIR)
1 A 2 g viii
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015
2 B 10 b
Storage, handling and transport of chemical products (Please specify in the IIR)
2B2
Nitric acid production
2B3
Adipic acid production
2B5
Carbide production
2B6
Titanium dioxide production
2B7
Soda ash production
2C1
Iron and steel production
2C2
Ferroalloys production
2C3
Aluminium production
2C4
Magnesium Production
2C5
Lead production
2C6
Zinc production
2C7a
Copper production
2C7b
Nickel production
2C7c
2D3b
Other metal production (Please specify the sources included/excluded in the notes column
to the right)
Storage, handling and transport of metal products (Please specify the sources
included/excluded in the notes column to the right)
Road paving with asphalt
2D3c
Asphalt roofing
2D3d
Coating application
2D3e
Degreasing
2D3f
Dry cleaning
2D3g
Chemical products
2D3i
Other solvent use
2G
Other product use
2H1
Pulp and paper industry
2H2
Food and beverages industry
2I
Wood processing
2J
Production of POPs
2K
Consumption of POPs and heavy metals (e.g. electrical and scientific equipment)
2L
5A
Other production, consumption, storage, transportation or handling of bulk products (Please
specify the sources included/excluded in the notes column to the right)
Biological treatment of waste - Solid waste disposal on land
5B1
Biological treatment of waste - Composting
5B2
Biological treatment of waste - Anaerobic digestion at biogas facilities
5C1a
Municipal waste incineration
5C1bi
Industrial waste incineration
5 C 1 b ii
Hazardous waste incineration
5 C 1 b iii
Clinical waste incineration
5 C 1 b iv
Sewage sludge incineration
5C1bv
Cremation
5 C 1 b vi
Other Waste incineration (Please specify in the IIR)
5C2
Open Burning of Waste
5D2
Industrial wastewater handling
5D3
Other wastewater handling
5E
Other waste handling (Please specify in IIR)
2C7d
Country factsheets – industrial emissions, methodology report
33
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ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2015