The concentration of the fluoride urinary in student on Om Koi
district, Chiang Mai province
Phenphichar Wanachantararak a Rungsiri Chotipatiwejchakool b Chatpat Kongpun c
Supoj Chamnarnprai c
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Urine is the body fluid most commonly used for biological screening, it should be pointed out
that urinary fluoride levels. The major route for fluoride excretion is via the kidney, human
exposure is best measured in urine. The objectives of this study were to measure a spot
urinary sample in 265 healthy Thai students on Om Koi district, Chiang Mai province. Each
spot urine sample was measured for pH, albumin, fluoride, and creatinine. The histogram of
urinary fluoride concentrations was performed and Pearson correlation was used to assess
the correlations. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze effects on urinary
fluoride. When the results were the histogram of urinary fluoride concentrations highly
skewed toward low values. A mean and standard deviation of 0.8 + 0.5 mg/l, median of 0.7
mg/l, and interval of 0.2 – 3.5 mg/l were established as concentration for urinary fluoride.
There was a moderately strong correlation between urinary fluoride excretion and fluoride
/creatinine ratio (r=0.507, P<0.001). Age, weight, height, body mass index, urinary
albumin/creatinine rati, and fluoride/creatinine ratio were significantly affected on urinary
fluoride with a low coefficient of determination (r2=0.324, P<0.001). Urinary fluoride and
fluoride/creatinine ratio in this study will be useful as guidelines for the spot urine sample of
fluoride concentration in normal Thai students, and individuals at risk of occupational or
environmental fluoride exposure.
a
The Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University
Clinical Chemistry Science, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated
Medical Science, Chiang Mai University
c
Intercountry Centre for Oral Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health,
Thailand
* For correspondence: Phenphichar Wanachantararak, E-mail: Phenphichar.w@cmu.ac.th,
jeabchiangmai@hotmail.com
b
Key word: Urinary fluoride, fluoride/creatinine ratio, spot urine