The Early Middle Ages (____________________________)
Known as the _____________________
1. Culture and learning almost disappeared in Europe.
2. Few organized __________________________________ existed.
3. Plagued by barbaric invasions.
• ___________________________ tribes
• Hunted rather than farmed.
• Many were seafaring (________________________)
• They worshipped the __________________________________________________
• Paid little attention to
____________________________________________________________
The Age of Charlemagne
• The Age of Charlemagne is known as the "__________________________________________"
• King of the Franks
• Governed his kingdom from a castle in ___________________________.
• Crowned Roman Emperor in ___________ by Pope _______________
• Created a huge empire by defeating the ___________________________________________ incorporated their territories into his empire.
• Managed his lands efficiently and _______________________________________________
• Charlemagne was very interested in _______________________________
• Constructed schools
Charlemagne’s Death
• His successors could not maintain the kingdom.
___________________________________
• Split Charlemagne's kingdom into ______________________________
• Charles the Bald - West Frankish Kingdom (Modern-day France)
• Louis the German - East Frankish Kingdom (Modern-day Germany and central Europe)
• Lothar I - Kingdom of Italy (Northern Italy)
• Subdivided after Lothar I’s death in 855 A.D. between Lothar II, Charles the Young, and Louis II.
• ___________________________________________________________ and they became rivals
Feudalism
• The growth of Feudalism (_______________________________)
• System of holding land in exchange for military service
• Feudal kings and lords gave lands (_______________) to lesser nobles
(____________________).
• An unwritten __________________________ or understanding.
• Often, they continued to subdivide their lands (______________) further.
• Developed because organized government fell apart in Europe.
Advantages of Feudalism
• Provided ______________________________________________________________ after the
collapse of the Roman Empire.
• Offered ___________________________ against barbarian invasions.
• Everyone had certain _____________________________________________
Disadvantages of Feudalism
• Undemocratic principle
• Some people were born to ______________and others to ____________________
• Period was marked by
____________________________________________________________
• Warfare became frequent between the vassals.
• Much land and property was destroyed.
• __________________________________ suffered the most
Feudal Life
• _____________________________, or estate of the lord, was the center of medieval life.
• Consisted of the lord's castle, fields where crops were grown, and the village where the
peasants lived.
• ____________________________was the most important industry.
• Peasants worked both their land and their lord's land.
• Farming methods and tools were crude and inefficient.
• _______________________________________________ was popular
- 2/3 of the fields were used for farming each season.
- The other 1/3 was left alone, _______________ to regain its fertility
Life of a peasant
• Life was very hard.
• Peasants were bound to the land, ________________________________________________
• Needed their ________________________________ to marry or to travel outside of the manor
• Worked from sunrise to sunset.
• Little time for entertainment or merrymaking.
• _______________________________: Grew their own food and made their own clothing.
• Plagued by ______________________________ and numerous __________________________
• Very few could read.
Church in the Middle Ages
• Roman Catholic Church
• The Church was the ______________________________________________ in Medieval
Europe.
• People had __________________________________________ in the church.
• Represented an escape from the turmoil of their everyday lives.
• Sanctuary
• Entire lives were guided by the Catholic Church.
• If you didn't belong, you were considered an _______________________
The Power of the Church in 1500
It Owned Land:
• The Church owned many large areas of farmland. People who grew
crops on this land had to give ________________________ of everything they grew to the
Church - this was called the ________________
It Controlled People’s Beliefs:
• told people that when they died, their souls lived on either in Heaven or in Hell.
• Hell, they said, was a place of great pain and suffering.
• The people were understandably frightened of going there. So, the Church gave them hope. It
said that after you die your soul goes first to a place called _____________________ where it
would stay until any sins had been burnt away.
It Was Rich:
• People wanted to be in purgatory for the shortest possible time.
• The Church said that you could shorten your stay in purgatory if you did several things
-_________________________ and live a good life
-Go on a _______________________
-Buy a special pardon, known as _____________________________
• The Church made a lot of money this way, as people tried to
_____________________________ _____________________
• The Church also made money through the Tithes.
It Was Not Controlled by the King
• The Roman Catholic church was led by the Pope (the King could not tell anyone from the
Church what to do)
• Even if a churchman committed a crime, they could not be tried by a normal court, but by
fellow churchmen, who were often very lenient
How the Catholic Church enforced its authority
• ______________________________________ cut off an individual from Church services.
• Considered a severe form of punishment.
• ______________________________- cut off an entire nation or region from Church services.