FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Title of Sub-project:
Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming
Title of Sub-project:
system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.
Photographs
not more than
two
Organizations
Name & Address of Organization (CL)
Director
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
Bareilly
1
2014
Sub-project
code:
Inside Cover Page
Component-
2012
Printed on
:
Component
:
Citation
:
Copyright
: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Disclaimer
:
Published by
: Name, Designation, Address, Phone, Fax, E-mail, Website
Edited by
:
Compiled by
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Hindi translation
:
Other Credits
:
Cover page
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photographs
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Printed at
2
Foreword
3
Preface
India is bestowed with a complex diversity of climate and soil along with its rich flora
and fauna because of the fact that the geographical area of India spreads over a distance of more
than 329 million hectares. Northern plains of India is thickly populated since centuries and
bestowed with nature’s gift of thick alluvial soil of Gangatic basin, 3 distinct climates and a
range of perennial rivers. The agriculture is the mainstream of livelihood security in the area.
The production of all the crops is below the expected levels and main reasons are high input
costs, lower seed replacement rate, poor profitability and unavailability/unawareness of suitable
technological advancements. This has resulted into large exodus of youth from the area in search
of suitable livelihood security. Livestock is integral part of rural households and comprise mainly
bovines. The non-descript germplasm with very low productivity; generally serve the family
need or subsidiary income. The rapidly increasing family size and its disintegration are reducing
family land holding pattern. The scenario clearly indicates that agriculture with such lower land
holding pattern cannot be a source of sustainable livelihood security with the traditional
practices. The main focus of technological development is on increasing the production and
naturally the main target are small and large farmers who can afford high input technologies,
have economical land holdings and can absorb risk to certain extent. However, the main portion
of population is either landless or marginal and comprise together about 63-67% of rural masses.
Un-productive subsidies and un-planned/ focused developments is resulting in problems of
manpower in agriculture sectors.
In the present sub-project of the World Bank funded National Agricultural
Innovative Project, two backward districts in UP as identified by the Planning Commission of
India, viz Barabanki and Raebareli were selected for the study. The widespread poverty and lack
of reasonable livelihood options are major challenges. An attempt has been made through the
present work to develop low input- highly profitable technologies and addressing the chronic
problems eluding satisfactory solutions as infertility, mastitis, universal bio-enhancers, VAM
multiplication, raising crops at higher p H and best suited methodology for resource generation
to diversify the livelihood base.
We dedicate the present work to Dr. G. Kalloo (Former DDG- Crops & Horticulture,
ICAR & Former VC, JNKVV, Jabalpur), Dr. S.K. Dwivedi (Former Director, NRCE, Hissar &
Expert Member, CAC) and Dr. A.P. Srivastava, NC-3, NAIP). They guided, helped and
participated at crucial stages without which it was not possible. We convey our thanks to eminent
scientists who helped us during the period, particularly Dr. Sushil Kumar (Chairman, CAC), Dr.
S.A.H. Abidi, Dr. Ramesh Chandra. Dr. D.K. Sharma (Director, CSSRI). I am indebted to all the
Directors of IVRI during the period (consortium leader) for their uninterrupted support. I thank
all my CCPI for a new work culture viz. cohesive mode of action.
R.B. Rai
Consortium Principal Investigator
4
CONTENTS
No. of pages
-by CL
-by CPI
1-2 pages
Foreword
Preface
Executive Summary/ Key words
Part-I: General Information sub-project
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives
3. Sub-project Technical Profile
4. Baseline Analysis
5. Research Achievements
6. Innovations
7. Process/Product/Technology Developed
8. Patents (Filed/Granted)
9. Linkages and Collaborations
10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects
11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken
12. Publications
13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized
15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio
talks, etc.
16. Foreign Trainings/Visits
17. Performance Indicators
18. Employment Generation
19. Assets Generated
20. Awards and Recognitions
21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability
22. Possible Future Line of Work
23. Personnel
24. Governance, Management, Implementation and
Coordination
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
3-4 pages
2 pages
1 page
½ page
1 page
1 page
20-25 pages
1-2 pages
½ page
½ page
½ page
½ page
½ page
1 page
½ page
½-1 page
½-1 page
½ page
½-1 page
½ page
½-1 page
1-2 page
½ page
½ page
1-2 pages
2-3 pages
1 page
1 page
Part-IV: Declaration
5
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Executive Summary
The present project “Holistic approach for sustainable rural livelihood security through
livestock based farming system in Barabanki & Raebareli districts of U.P.” was initiated in June,
2009 with the aim of developing innovative low input- highly profitable technologies, their
integration and highly profitable models of integrated farming system.
8
A base line survey was done in 42 villages covering 15% households. The productivity and
profitability of the existing cropping/ farming systems was very low and unable to provide
reasonable level of livelihood security. The area contained 30.26% households as landless,
33.82% as marginal, 26.97% as small and only 8.95 % families as large farmers. The annual
income from the farming system was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs 26792/-for marginal and Rs.
50714/- for small farmers. The average family size was 7.1. The pre-dominant cropping patterns
were paddy-wheat, paddy- mustard-mentha and paddy- pulses. The cost: benefit ratio averaged
1.5. The bovines were non-descript, low milk producers and reared for subsidiary income. Out of
42 villages only 62 farmers were practicing seasonal vegetables with average land holdings of
0.15 ha. Goats were reared by 100-150 families with flock size of 1.4 under extensive system for
subsidiary income. Poultry, sheep and pigs in any form was raised by farmers. Raebareli districts
has vast stretches of sodic land with pH ranging from 9.0-10.5 and the reclaimed land through
gypsum based technology by UP Bhumi Sudhar Nigam was very poor in biological activities and
showed very poor yield of susceptible crops like wheat . There was no cash crop grown in the
project area. The overall conclusion of the base line survey was: very poor productivity and
profitability, lack knowledge technological advancements, lack of suitable livelihood models and
wide spread poverty. The vulnerability of landless and sub-marginal farmers was evident.
In this background the present sub-project, funded by the World Bank was undertaken.
During the period between June 2009- March, 2014, a total of 65 villages in these 2 districts
covering 5940 families were educated and intervened. The major initial problems were lack of
farmers faith due to past bad experiences, un-suitability’s of existing technologies for such small
land holdings (particularly sizeable landless families), lack of risk taking capacity being resource
poor, the existing socio-economic penury and menace of monkeys and blue bulls.
To overcome the problems series of innovative low input highly profitable technologies were
developed, evaluated and intervened. To reduce the menace of blue bull, a wildlife protected
animal, concept of increasing the stake and diluting the risk was implemented. To overcome the
anestrous/ infertility problems in bovines which severely hampers up-gradation of germplasm
and profitability, a new safe highly economical and orally fed mineral based technology was
developed and intervened. The estrous induction rate was above 85% and it promotes follicle and
corpus luteum development and thus, restores natural estrous in the animals. Besides, it tones
uterus for conception and therefore, early embryonic mortality is avoided. The technology was
intervened in 10000 animals during the period. Though, many farmers were reluctant to get their
animals conceived before 4-5 months of calving due to fear of reduction in milk, still the inter9
calving period in cows was reduced to around 15.0 months in and in buffaloes 17.0 months in
continuously intervened animals. The increase in number of lactation was 68% with
corresponding calf borne. The technology is popular and now commercialized to cater the need
of the country.
Mastitis is another problem, particularly in highly yielding milch animals, and
jeopardizes the whole livelihood if based on small dairy units. There was no satisfactory
prevention measure and the standard treatment available is costly and does not restore the milk
yield fully in affected milch animals. A low cost innovative, orally fed preventive measure was
developed which not only prevent the occurrence but effectively treat the condition and milk
restoration is 80-90%. The technology has been commercialized.
Mass vaccination, popularized amongst the farmers resulted in almost insignificant
morbidity and mortality in bovines. Periodic deworming and introduction of high yielding
perennial grasses as CO-3 & CO-4 increased the availability of green fodder round the year.
Another significant impact was created through a new innovative technology viz. new
rural poultry production technology in which the backyard birds of suitable strains are reared in
the batches of 250-300 chicks at 2-2.5 months intervals in shelters and integrated with in situ
Azolla microphylla cultivation and feeding with partial grazing and supplementations. The
evaluation and interventions with over 93000 chicks in 985 families clearly established it as best
tool for resources generation, self employment and poverty alleviation. These birds when
integrated with nearby plantations and to certain vegetables, they acted as very effective
biological control agent.
A new beginning has been made in reclamation of degraded lands, mainly sodic land (though
equally effective in normal, sodic-saline, saline, acid-saline also). The reclamation of sodic land
is being done by non-renewable gypsum based technology of which the solubility is only 0.2%
and re-claimed land is as good as barren for 3-5 years due to lack of biological activities in the
soil. In the present project, a different approach was taken. We isolated endophytes from the
rhizosphere of grasses at pH 9.8-10.4 and evaluated them for their salt tolerance, nutrient uptake
and resistance against soil borne diseases. Two isolates of Bacillus viz. B. pumilus and B.
subtitis and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum showed promising results. While Bacillus
spp. increased the nutrient uptake by the plants (21-34%), Trichoderma spp. controlled the soil
borne diseases. The K uptake by plants was higher than Na and thus, impact of sodicity on the
plant was negligible. The large scale validation and interventions on various crops viz. paddy,
wheat, banana, okra, tomato, capsicum, gladiolus etc, showed 10-24 % higher yield, no wilt and
10
interestingly controlled false smut in paddy. Crops like wheat, banana etc. can be taken up to pH
9.0. We developed a very low cost patented common media using naturally and commonly
available waste by- products which not only supported the growth of Bacillus & Trichoderma
simultaneously, but the career used becomes a rich source of nutrients for foliar spray. The
technology has been commercialized as CSR-BIO and is reaching all parts of the country.
Furthermore, we developed common low cost media to support the growth of VAM (Glomus
clarum), B. subtilis and B. coagulans isolates obtained from further higher pH and this
consortium of microbes is supporting crop growth up to p H 9.5. This product/technology we
named as CSR-BIO-II and is under the process of patenting/commercialization. This whole
approach of microbial reclamation based on substrate dynamism has been named “Rhizosphere
Engineering”. This new technological approach is cheaper and allowing direct crop growth up to
pH 9.0/9.5 and saving at least one year time in comparison to traditional gypsum based
technology.
By integrating all the technologies, new specialized integrated farming system (SIFS)
models have been developed on new concept. The models are highly profitable and contain 4
components viz. basal crops (cereals/plantation/ dairy/apiculture etc) to support the system,
medium duration cash crops (banana/ papaya/ goat/pig etc), short or super short duration cash
crops (cut flowers as gladiolus, off season/seasonal vegetables/ rural poultry/ milk etc.) and value
addition in the system (increasing soil organic carbon, bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides etc). Under
these models banana, off season tomato cultivation, dairy (opening at negligible initial cost) and
rural poultry are highly popular. While crops provided about Rs. 1.5-2.0 lakhs per 0.24 ha per
annum, the rural poultry gave Rs. 0.8-1.0 lakhs per annum to landless farmers.
Part-I: General Information of sub-project “Holistic approach for improving livelihood
security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of
U.P.”
1. Title of the Sub-project: Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through
livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli
districts of U.P.
2. Sub-project Code: NAIP-C-3 (SRLS-III) 3rd Call-6/2009
11
3. Component:
III
4. Date of sanction of sub-project: April, 2009
5. Date of completion: March, 2014
6. Extension if granted, from _________________________to__________________
7. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: 531.16639
8. Total Expenditure of the sub-project:
9. Consortium Leader:
Director,
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.
Telephone no. : 0581-2303163, Fax No. 0581-2303284
Website: http://rurallivelihood-ivri.org/
10. List of Consortium Partners:
Name of CPI/ CCPI
with designation
CPI
CCPI1
CCPI2
CCPI 3
Name of organization and
Address, Phone & Fax, Email
Dr.
R.B.
Rai, Division of Pathology
Principal Scientist
I.V.R.I. Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.
Phone : 09411699408
Fax No. 0581-2303284
Email: drrbrai@yahoo.co.in
Dr. T. Damodaran, CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
Senior Scientist
Opp. Kanshi Ram Smarak,
Lucknow
Phone: 09198149968
Fax No.
Email:
damhort2002@yahoo.com
Dr.
R.A.
Ram Central Institute for Subtropical
Principal Scientist
Horticulture,
Rehmankhera,
Lucknow-227 017, India
0522-2841022,
09415459464
(Fax)- 91-522 – 2841025
raram_cish@yahoo.co.in
Dr. B. Rai, Principal PC unit, CIRG,Makhdoom P.O.
Scientist
Farah-281 122, Mathura (U.P.)
Phone: 91-565-2763260 Ext.-207
(O), 91-565-2763354 (R)
(M)9758197615
Email: brai21464@gmail.com
12
Duration
Budget
(From-To)
(Rs. Lakhs)
April,2009March, 2014
258.52489
July, 2009- 99.32990
March, 2014
April,2009March, 2014
41.30560
April,2009March, 2014
34.07350
CARI,
Izatnagar,
Bareilly- April,2009243122
March, 2014
Phone: 09457160431
Email:dpscari06@gmail.com
CCPI 4
Dr. D.P.Singh,
Principal Scientist
CCPI 5
April, 2009- 7.95920
Mr. Tushar Singh, Agri-Plus International (NGO),
Secretary General
D-4/55, Sector 15, Rohini Delhi- April, 2012
85
Ph. 011-7296467,
Mob. 09811523590
jaipd1960@yahoo.com
CCPI 6
Mr. Sunil Mishra,
Secretary
Shiv Sahitya Parishad, Vill. &
Post- Kumhrawan, Lucknow
e-mail:s.s.parishad@gmail.com
April, 2009- 34.32350
April, 2012
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
13
55.64980
11. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (Rs in Lakh):
CPI/ CCPI Name,
designation &
address)
Dr. R.B. Rai,
CPI
Principal
Scientist,
IVRI,
Izatnagar,
Bareilly, U.P.
CCPI1 Dr. T. Damodaran,
Senior
Scientist,
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
R.A.
Ram
CCPI2 Dr.
Principal Scientist,
CISH, Lucknow
CCPI 3 Dr. B. Rai, Principal
Scientist,
CIRG,
Makhdoom, Mathura,
D.P.Singh,
CCPI 4 Dr.
Principal
Scientist,
CARI,
Izatnagar,
Bareilly
CCPI5 Mr. Tushar Singh,
Secretary
General,
Agri-Plus International
(NGO),
CCPI6 Mr. Sunil Mishra,
Secretary, Shiv sahitya
parishad (NGO)
Total
Total
Budget
Sanctioned
258.52489
Fund Released
(up to Closing Date)
Fund Utilized
(up to Closing Date)
99.32990
41.30560
34.07350
55.64980
7.95920
34.32350
531.16639
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
14
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction
The present project was undertaken to develop sustainable rural livelihood models for
gangatic plains using the need based low input technologies which can provide maximum
profitability. During our own and surveys conducted by various groups many critical gaps
limiting the profitability of existing system of livelihood, based on integrated farming
system, were identified for which the satisfactory and affordable remedial measures were not
existing. The existing cropping pattern using the high input technologies were not very
profitable. Efforts made by various governmental agencies had little or lesser than desirable
effect due to lack of suitable technologies. The family’s income was miserable and it affected
whole livelihood security scenario. Migration of youth is a common phenomenon in the
region. Due to explosive human population growth, the family landholding is unsatisfactory.
Nearly 30% population is landless or having less than 500m2 cultivable land. About 37-38%
population is marginal farmers comprising about half as sub-marginal, which will become
nearly landless in next two decades. It is a well established fact that smaller landholdings are
unprofitable. The integrated farming system models being practiced are sustainable but
profitability is poor. Farmers opted mono-cropping system but whenever faced climatic
vagaries, they lost hopes. Therefore there was an urgent need to develop highly profitable
models of farming system, suiting to the socio-economic penury which can absorb the
climatic vagaries and provide optimum profitability, besides being affordable to resource
poor farmers. The typical problems with multiple causes, like widespread anestrous/
infertility in bovine, mastitis always threatened the hard labour put in the livelihood ventures.
Lack of suitable resource generation method for creating their own livelihood security was
lacking. The sodic/ degraded land , which are being reclaimed by State Government using
gypsum based technology, lack organic carbon and biological activities at desired level. Thus
the reclaimed land is as good as barren land for 3-5 years due to lower productivity.
In this scenario, the present sub-project was undertaken and 2 backward districts viz.
Barabanki and Raebareli, identified by the Planning Commission of India, were chosen.
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives
a. To develop specialized integrated farming system models as self-sustaining and
high producing system,
15
b. To generate awareness in the communities for common water body management,
surface run off harvesting and management of sustainable irrigation system.
c. To enhance livestock productivity through improvement of germplasm, fodder,
reproductive efficiency, health management and improved germplasm production.
d. To promote organic production system for improving per unit productivity,
economics, soil health, etc.
3. Sub-project Technical Profile
There are seven key partners in the proposed project i.e. IVRI, CARI, CIRG, CISH, SSP,
Agri-plus and CSSRI-RRS . The specific role to be played by each of the organization is
discussed below.
IVRI:

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, will play the role of consortium leader,
coordinating the activities of all the consortium partners. IVRI will also be involved in
the following specific activities:

Conducting Infertility camps using a non-hormonal, mineral- based new technology in
the project area to identify various types of reproductive problems and infertility in the
livestock.

Providing frequent, quick and adequate support to prevent as well as control the
reproductive problems.

Increasing awareness and knowledge of the stake holders in the project area regarding
different aspects of animal health management and vaccination for the prevention of
diseases.

It will monitor the different aspects of the project time to time to assess the progress, to
identify the problems in implementation of the project components and suitably
modifying the interventions with existing proven technological interventions.

It will introduce and adopt low cost technologies on various aspects and integrate with
each other for increasing the production and profitability.
CARI:

Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, will introduce rural poultry production
technologies for sustainable livelihood in association of lead centers and NGOs.

It will also provide the chicks specially developed for and proven under rural poultry
rearing systems.

It will also provide educational resources for increasing knowledge of farmers in the
project area for increasing adoption rate.
16
CIRG

Central Institute for Research on Goat will provide technical expertise in advanced
practices for scientific goat rearing in rural areas. It will provide knowledge resources
for the farmers regarding cross breeding for breed improvement, feeding practices for
pregnant goat, post parturient dam and new born kids, Care and management of new
born, Vaccination for disease prevention, etc.

It will provide high producing breeds of goat for introduction in the project area.
Production of Boer goat crosses will also be taken up in association with the lead
centre.

It will also provide time to time technical support to the stake holders during the
project period

It will provide expertise in organically improving the soil health through biomass
application, Rishi kheti, Agnihotra, etc.

It will provide expertise in different horticultural crops with quality inputs and related
components of the project

It will monitor the soil health status in the project area during the project period.
CISH
Agri-plus international and SSP (NGOs)

Agri-plus international and SSP are two NGOs (nongovernmental organizations),
those will provide their technical expertise in the aspects of vegetable cultivation,
orchard rejuvenation, organically improving sol fertility and other components related
to agriculture.

They will conduct community mobilization to understand their needs and facilitate
their action.

They will help in providing foreword as well as back word linkages to the stake
holders. It will arrange for the inputs to be provided to the farmers as well as
marketing of the produce.

They will provide technical expertise and manpower In time to time monitoring of the
project at different levels.

They will arrange and facilitate various training programmes, input distribution, day
to day monitoring, selection of stake holders/partners for the project implementation.

They will provide and maintain infrastructural facilities including Mushroom spawn
production, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, IFS models and various self help groups for
the purpose, in consultation with PRI members.
17
CSSRI-RRS




Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station will provide
expertise regarding desalination of the saline land.
It will provide expertise in vegetable, agronomical interventions, microenterprises, cash crops and will assist CPI in integration.
It will develop low cost sodic land reclamation technology based on substrate
dynamism.
Will provide all the logistic facilities for the operation of the project.
4. Baseline Analysis
Districts wise selected clusters:
S.No District
Cluster
1
Barabanki Trivediganj
Haidergarh
2
Raebareli Lalganj
Sareni & Tera
The baseline survey of adopted villages and families in all the clusters was carried out.
However, randomly selected (15%), proportionally representing the landless, marginal, small and
large farmer’s households were covered. The highlights of the baseline survey are summarized
below:
 The literacy rate was 45.40% comprising 53.74% in males and 36.44% in female.
 In the Project area 30.26% families are landless followed by 33.82% marginal, 26.97%
small and 8.95% large farmers.
 Source of irrigation is either canal (38.7%) or bore wells/other sources (61.3%)
 The average income per family was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs.26792/- for marginal and
Rs.50714/- for small farmers.
 Rice and wheat was the major crop but productivity is very poor which is 2.22 t/ha for
paddy and 1.46 t/ha for wheat.
 Mentha cultivation during summer month is practiced in Barabanki district as cash crop.
18
 Commercial cultivation of vegetable was absent.
 There are non-descript mango trees but commercial plantation / orchard of any fruit crop
is absent.
 Floriculture, apiculture and such subsidiary enterprises were absent.
 In livestock, bovines are the predominant species followed by goat. Pig, sheep and
poultry were either absent or negligible.
 The lactation yield in bovine was poor (range 300 lit. in zebu to 900 lit in crossbreds).
The alarming feature is prolonged inter-calving period (24 – 40 months).
 The growth rate of goat was poor (one year body weight 13.2 kg.-pooled) and germplasm
is non-descript.
 There was no perennial fodder cultivation (except Berseem during winter season) and
concentrate feeding is also absent (except occasional mustard cake feeding).
 FMD and H.S. are major infectious diseases. However, main cause of morbidity and
mortality is general systemic state comprising parasitic infestation (mainly fascioliosis,
ascariasis, and ticks), pneumonia and other enteric affections. Deworming practices are
not followed.
 Farm mechanization is fair and comprises tractor, power tiller and threshers.
 Awareness level about the technologies was poor.
 Marketing network has not developed except village / area level rural market.
 It Nearly 52 per cent of the lands are poor in soil organic carbon and 34 per cent land was
salt affected. Among them 28 per cent of the salt affected soils have been surface
reclaimed by Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar Nigam (UPBSN) and were predominantly
being used for rice with average productivity of 2.5 tonnes / ha followed by wheat with
productivity of 1.1 tonnes / ha.
 Among the 52 per cent lands with poor soil quality, 28.5 per cent was under rice wheat
cropping system and 12 per cent was under fruit orchards and 8 per cent was under
vegetables and 1.5 per cent was used for other crops like fodder grasses and forest trees,
etc .
19
 The survey results indicated that the pre-dominant cropping system was rice-wheat or
rice-mustard with about 2 animals / house-hold on an average.
 The mango orchards have started declining due to the increase in sub-soil sodicity and
poor soil health management system. New orchards initiated in the reclaimed sodic soils
failed due to sensitivity to the moderately high pH of more than 8.8.
5. Research Achievements
In the present research project, the target group undertaken was landless (having up to 500
m2 land), marginal and small farmer families. The target in the project was to provide
reasonable and sustainable livelihood security with income enhancement by about 200400%. The existing high input-high production technologies have not created desired level of
impact, which were introduced by the state Government Departments. Therefore, our
approach has been to develop low input-highly profitable technologies to fill the critical gaps
affecting the profitability and developing highly profitable model(s) of integrated farming
system for wide acceptance and popularization. The following strategies on crops sector were
also integrated to implement the above objectives.
5.1. Dairy development as source of livelihood:
This venture is widely practiced option and backbone of all agricultural activities. Some
of the problems like inadequate feed and fodder, deaths due to HS or FMD, production losses
owing to parasitism had reasonable solutions but unawareness or reluctance due to economic
considerations were solved using the existing technologies. Mass vaccinations through A.H.
Department resulted in full protection against HS and FMD and not single death from 201011 onward was reported. Initially high yielding Napier CO-3 variety was popularized as
source of perennial green fodder and later CO-4 was introduced. To supplement the protein
source, Azolla microphylla in village ponds were introduced which are being used for
poultry, bovines, pigs and goats. However, wide spread anestrous (infertility) and mastitis
severely affect the profitability and threatens the very source of livelihood and have no
satisfactory solutions/remedial measures, under the prevalent system. Therefore, technologies
for their prevention and treatment have been developed.
5.2. Infertility Control:
Infertility/ anestrous is a major problem severely affecting the profitability of dairy
ventures. It results in prolonged inter-calving period and thus lesser number of lactations in
20
its productive life. It results from multiple factors. In villages whose livelihood is dependent
on the animals reared for milk production and resultant calves/ heifers/ young adults are fed
with kitchen waste, some cakes (limited to lactating animals) and varying quantity of grains.
The fodder or roughage availability in desired quantity is never available. The changing
agricultural practices are a serious problem for dairy animals as the availability of roughages
and waste of crops are diminishing significantly. Due to prolonged inter-calving period/
anestrous majority of buffaloes are sold for slaughter. Presently no reliable solutions exist.
The common remedies are area specific mineral mixture (15-20 days feeding), special
supplements, commercially available estrogenic substances for inducing the estrous,
hormonal interventions as follicular stimulating hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone
(GNRH), lutelizing hormone (LH), prostaglandins and HCG but the results are inconsistent
and unsatisfactory. Keeping in view the lower success rate, 2 formulations based on new
concept and our research findings was developed.
In random survey palpable corpus luteum was observed in 23.71% cows and 17.43%
buffaloes. In majority of cases it was indistinct. The number of animals exhibiting estrous
within 4-5 months of calving were 24.6% cows and 18.6% buffaloes, respectively. The
problem of anestrous was minimum/ negligible in cows receiving good care and feeding.
However, when the prostaglandin injection was given in animals having palpable corpus
luteum, induction rate within 48-96 hrs was 93.2% in cows and 77.4% in buffaloes. The area
specific mineral mixture was able to correct anestrous, by inducing estrous, in 33.33% (range
23-36%) of oviparous animals. The supplements available in the market were able to correct
the natural cycle in 42.2% (36-49%) but needed prolonged feeding and little more cost.
Various estrogenic products available commercially when given orally the induction rate
varied widely with an average of 20.9% (range 11-29%). In oviparous cows the present
formulation when given the induction rate was 92.3% (range 82-96%) while in buffaloes it
was 73.1%. The conception rate in animals where estrous was induced by present
formulation was 66.4% compared to 56.6% of area specific mineral mixture and 42.8% of
estrogenic substances. Evaluation of cost showed that all 3 treatment regimes have more or
less similar cost which was around Rs. 80/- per animals. The area specific mineral mixture
was not able to induce estrous beyond 36% in field animals which indicated that minerals are
not alone responsible for follicular and CL development. Estrogenic substances provide
estradiol which can help in inducing the estrous but cannot assure conception. The present
formulation stimulated follicular and CL developments and thus corrected the cycle in the
21
body which may be helpful in subsequent pregnancies and the cost is as low as mineral
supplementation.
Table: Comparative evaluation of various treatment regimes
Infertility treatment regime (animals)
Area specific mineral mixture (462)
Estrogenic substances (388)
Present formulation (16542)
Estrous induction
(%)
33.3
20.9
85.94
Table: Estrous induction rate with present formulation
Treated animals (No.)
Cows (11066)
Buffaloes (5476)
Animals showed estrous (%)
92.3
73.1
Table : Comparative conception rate after natural service
Treatment regime (animals)
Area specific mineral mixture (136)
Estrogenic substances (78)
Present formulation (1842)
Conception rate (%)
42.3
56.6
66.4
 Existing technologies include estrogenic substances, hormones and area specific mineral
mixture (ASMM) / special supplements but none of them have desirable success rate
Estrogenic
substances
Hormones
ASMM/
special
supplements
Present technology
Induce stress
(20-25%),
inconsistent ,
does
not
ensure
conception
Very
costly,
inconsistent
,
required
technical
expertise, does
not
target
conception
Good, success
rate is 25-40%
Cheapest ,easy , safe, targets
follicular and CL developments,
also assure conception , success
rate is highest : above 80% in
cattle(85-98%), above 72% in
buffaloes
(though
seasonal
breeder)
22
 Adoption percentage of the mass infertility technology year wise
Impact of infertility control interventions: To boost the dairy as a major source of livelihood
under IFS mode, more than 16000 bovines were given the present interventions and were
evaluated for inter-calving period, improved calves borne and milk production. The inter-calving
period was significantly reduced compared to base line survey of 27.7 months. The animals
received the interventions within 90-120 days of calving for 10 days. However, many farmers
were reluctant to induce pregnancies before 6 months of calving. The inter-calving period of the
buffaloes, which showed very poor estrous and conception percentage during peak hot and
humid months of June-July, was reduced to 17.8 ± 0.4 months and 15.2 ± 0.7 months in cows.
The average cost of milch animals in the localities varied during the period from Rs. 3000-4000 /
lit milk production for cows and Rs. 4000-5500 / lit for buffaloes. The present formulation not
only induced the estrous through corpus luteum and follicular development but probably helped
in checking the rejection of pregnancies during first month. Timely insemination, care and
observing estrous improved the inter-calving period compared to baseline data. The total cost of
estrous induction in 3 subsequent pregnancies, averaged around Rs. 80/- per animal per
pregnancy that enhances the number of lactations (around 55-60%) and make the existing low
producing animals also a profitable venture. The increase in number of lactation was around
68%.
To overcome the problems in germplasm improvement, we trained 16 farmers at IVRI,
Izatnagar and one farmer in each district was provided AI kit and continuous supply of improved
Vrindavani and Murrah semen. The calves borne have better growth rate compared to calves
produced from the semen of other sources.
The inseminations from various sources were compared to find out the gaps if any. The
state government AI gave poor results (32.6%). The BAIF results were much better (54.6%). The
natural service results were constantly higher (58.2) but it does not help in germplasm
23
improvements. Project trained inseminators, while doing about 100 AI per month, are now
reached near 70% conception rate in cows and between 65-69% in buffaloes.
Impact assessment on adoptability of Fertisure (anestrous formulation): Initially the acceptance
was poor (around 25%), but constant gosthis, results from intervened animals and economic
consideration s gradually improved the acceptance. By the end of 3rd year the acceptance reached
near 94%. Among these 85% of respondents belonged to the age group between 30 to 50 years.
Majority of the respondents were male (93.50%) and showed inherent impression of our society.
19.25% of adopters were engaged in dairy farming as primary occupation, while 80.75% adopted
it as subsidiary occupation.
5.3. Mastitis prevention and control technology
Mastitis is a major threat to dairy venture, particularly when for germplasm improvement
using Friesian semen is practiced. The prevalence is across the breeds but crossbreds with
pendulous udder are more prone to the condition. The situation becomes serious when dairy unit
is major source of livelihood and the animal develops mastitis, either in one or all 4 quarters. The
standard treatment available is parental antibiotic along with intra-mammary infusions. In spite
of best efforts, milk restoration is only up to 60% and the cost for full treatment is around Rs.
1000/-. The etiology is diverse and in about 70% cases infection enters through teat canal. The
maximum prevalence is observed within first fortnight of calving. There is no satisfactory
prevention remedy, except improving general hygiene and sanitation with general management.
Keeping in view the serious threat, a highly effective, economical and easy to adopt
technology has been developed to prevent and treat clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and was
commercialized also.
Outcome of antibiotic therapy regimen
Recovery status in comparison with premastitis stage (milk yield restored)
10-30% milk yield restored
30-50% milk yields restored
50-70% milk yield restored
Fibrosed
Average percentage (range)
11.8 (7-14)
52.1 (37-62)
30.4 (22-36)
5.7 (2-10)
Stage of lactation showing mastitis
Stage of lactation
Clinical mastitis
0-2 weeks
2-8 weeks
% of
cases
total Probable reasons
67.3
20.1
Infection/ toxins/ metabolites
-do---24
8-24 weeks 12.6
Sub-clinical mastitis
0-8 weeks 3.4
8-24
96.6
weeks
Mainly injury/ clinical infection etc.
Infection/ insect bites
-do-
Evaluation of formulation in prevention of clinical mastitis during first fortnight of calving
Treatment (no. of animals)
Percent of mastitis
Control (145)
29.2
Present formulation
1.3
Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in clinical mastitis
Treatment
Recovery grading
Restoration of milk (%)
Control-1* (26)
-
<10
Control-2* (57)
+ or -
10-30
Standard
++
20-60
+++
60-80
regime
treatment (273)
Project
formulation
(214)
*Represent the animals where farmers have applied fomentation and home remedies
** Besides fomentation, parental antibiotics (1-2 injections) was given by farmers
Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in sub-clinical mastitis
Treatment regime
Control (37)
Standard treatment (650)
Project formulation (722)
Recovery
grading
++
+++
Remarks
Persisted
Flakes occasional, no blood
Full healing, no flakes, no blood, milk
restored
Impact of mastitis prevention on livelihood security: The cost of treatment has been
drastically reduced and there is no need of skill hand as it is given orally in jiggery or bread. No
case of clinical mastitis was reported. Many dairy units use to incur annual expenditure on
mastitis treatment between Rs. 15000- over Rs. 90000/ (depending on number of animals) and
still some cases developed fibrosed udder. With the present formulation, the expenditure was
25
negligible and not a single fibrosed udder was reported. In the neibourhood of the project area,
one NGO has used the formulation for prevention of the mastitis. In the area usually 15-20%
animals every year developed the condition in one or multiple quarters. After the start of the
interventions not a single case was reported.
5.4. Interventions of innovative rural poultry production technology for resource
generation, livelihood security and poverty alleviation
The major problem in creating reasonable livelihood security is lack of resources as the
majority of farmers are resource poor and semi-literate. Therefore a major challenge was to
create resources first. For the purpose we evaluated various prevalent methodologies viz.
vegetables, cut flowers, goat, pig, open, intensive and new system of rural poultry with our
improved technological approaches. Total net return was monitored for one year along with the
affordable investment. The results are presented here:
Interventions
Type of farmers
Expenditure Rs.
lakhs
0.34
Total return
Rs. lakhs
1.0
Tomato (0.12ha)x
Marginal/ small
2 crops
Okra (0.12ha)
Marginal/ small
0.16
0.51
Gladiolus (0.12ha) Marginal/ small
0.3
0.80
Open range birds
Marginal/ small
0.02
0.20
(25x3 cycles)
+ landless
Broiler (300x5
Marginal/ small
1.48
1.63
cycles)
+ landless
Birds under new
Marginal/ small
0.39
1.4
system (250x4
+ landless
cycles)
The evaluation studies clearly indicated that short duration crops can
Net return
Rs. lakhs
0.66
0.35
0.50
0.18
0.15
1.0
substantiate the
farmer’s resources but it is not enough for diversifying the livelihood base. Furthermore, these
interventions required initial cost ranging from Rs. 10000- 20000/ besides some cultivable land
which is not available with the landless farmers. Goat and pig will be able to give return in
medium duration. Open range system of poultry is only suitable for subsidiary income not as
livelihood venture. Broiler, a well established and popular venture with all type of market
support, requires slightly higher initial cost for the shed (Rs. 6-8/sq.ft) and cost of birds and feed.
Under the new rural poultry production technology the initial cost was reduced to 8000- 10000/
as only a shelter was constructed and was linked with in situ Azolla microphylla cultivation and
feeding. The disposal of birds was done after 4 months or when they achieved around 1.5 kg
body weights. Thus, it was clearly established that rural poultry is the best tool for reasonable
26
resource generation, low input livelihood option and poverty alleviation among landless and
marginal farmers.
The project area is not a traditional belt for poultry and government efforts to popularize
layers/ broilers could not made dent due to economic un-viability. When the project started in
base line survey only 2 desi birds with one farmer were available out of 42 villages. Not a single
broiler unit was available in these villages.
We intervened with the new technology. Small units of azolla were opened in the vicinity
of the shelter. Shelters was constructed in the dimensions of 4x3.5x8 or 12ft (HXWXL) and
extended as per the need using mud for wall, asbestos sheet for roof and a small door made of
wire mesh and waste materials. Chicks of Nirbhik strain were provided in batches of 250-300
after initial training and usually confined for 10-12 days to avoid predation and casualty.
Afterwards they were allowed to graze in the open area and adlib azolla was provided as fresh.
They relished it. It contains nearly 24% CP (with digestibility around 50%), besides being rich in
minerals and vitamins. After 3-4 weeks some waste grains were also provided for supplementing
the energy source. Males achieved nearly 1.8 kg BW around 4th month. Birds were gradually
disposed off after achieving BW of 1.5 kg and fresh batches were provided after 2-3 months of
initial batch and the cycle continued. A total of 985 farmers were assisted with 93000 chicks.
The net earnings of landless farmers exceeded Rs. 90000/ in a year. Two models of rural poultry
were developed. Model-1 is for meat purpose and Model-2 is egg purpose and used Grampriya/
Shyama strains. Many of the farmers up-graded their venture into broiler units and at presents 64
broiler units are being operated in the project area. Some of the farmers used the earnings for
purchasing bovines, constructed their own houses, performed the family commitments like
daughter’ marriages. Many farmers are rearing both broiler as well as these birds simultaneously.
Impact: The most visible and rapid impact on economic empowerment was achieved by this
intervention. Farmers from all the ethnic groups are now rearing birds as there is no capital
involvement. The quick and higher return provided enough cash for diversification of livelihood
base. For rural poverty alleviation and economic empowerment of landless and small holders,
this technology/ intervention was established as the best tool.
Distribution of beneficiaries
District
No. trained
No. adopted
% of adoption
Barabanki
Raebareli
658
371
1029
585
320
905
88.97
86.32
87.92
27
Net Return after adopting new models of rural poultry
Models
Net return (Rs)
Broilers (500 chicks x 5 rotations)
30000/-
Rural poultry Model-1 (250 chicks x 4 cycles)
95000/-
Open range
Deep litter/Intensive
Present technology
Suitable for
low/subsidiary
income, and rural
conditions
Requires infrastructure,
balanced feed, health care and
can be practiced in semi-urban
as well as rural areas.
No infrastructure, no feed as
integrate with Azolla spp., semiskilled/preventive health coverage,
suitable for semi-urban and rural
areas.
No feed cost, grazing,
kitchen waste
60-65% input is on feed cost
No feed cost due to in situ Azolla
integration and grazing.
More space
Less space
Less space (about 200 sq.m for
grazing)
Only up to 50
birds/family can be
reared
No limit
Running strength of 400-500 birds
is standard
Per chick profitability
in a year is about Rs.
200-300/=
Egg production cost is around
Rs. 2/= and 3 cycles of broiler
in 4 months net fetches Rs. 2030/per chick.
Per chick fetches net about Rs 100120/= in 4 months. Per egg
production cost is about Rs. 0.100.15
Unsuitable for self
employment,
livelihood security
Suitable for self employment
and livelihood security but
initial cost and risk involved is
prohibitive for resource poor
farmers
Suitable for self employment,
livelihood security and any resource
poor farmers can afford it.
5.5. Sodic land reclamation through microbial dynamism and development of plant bio
growth enhancer (CSR-BIO)
The productivity of commercial crops, particularly high value horticultural crops, in sodic
as well as normal soils of the project area remained a challenge. In Raebareli district the soil
sodicity is a major concern followed by extensive use of chemical pesticides.
Ninety percent of the farmers were practicing rice and wheat cultivation as a source of
livelihood with poor profitability. At this juncture the technologies like commercial banana
cultivation using tissue cultured banana var. G-9, and hybrid tomato cultivation using varietal
28
intervention of Himsona and NS507 received mixed response which raised the constraint of
sustainability due to incidence of wilt disease and crop failure based on climatic and weather
changes. The adoption percentage was average by small and marginal landholders. To overcome
the fatigue in adoption of technology an alternative research plan of developing a microbial biogrowth enhancer using consortia of microbe approach with simultaneous development of
dynamic media and substrate to implement a triple mode of action (nutrient mobilization, growth
regulation through production of auxins and disease control potential especially for soil borne
diseases) was initiated. The current work focused on development of alternative solution to the
existing constraints of the bio-agents viz.

Lack of efficient strains available to perform under sodic conditions where the soil pH is
more than 8.5

Cost effectiveness of the product and multiple action to avoid application of multiple
bioagents like Phosphate solubulization bacteris (PSB), Trichoderma and Pseudomonas
cultures.
Isolation and identification of efficient strains of soil rhizospheric microbes
About 30 bacterial isolates of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated from the
soil, root, stem and leaves of the grasses grown in un-reclaimed sodic soils of pH from 9.7 to
10.32 and also from salt tolerant poly-embryonic mango accessions. These isolates were
characterized using bio-chemical and molecular markers and were further evaluated for vigour
index under sodic soils in controlled conditions. Among them four strains CSR-B-1, CSR-B-2
and CSR-B-3 belonging to genus Bacillus and one fungal strain CSR-T-1 (Trichoderma
harzianum) were identified as potential bio-enhancers with promising plant growth promotion
properties.
29
Plant Growth Promotion characteristics of salt tolerant microbes
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Observations And Result
CSR-B-2 CSR-B-3 CSR-T-1
CSR-B-1
Experiment Procedure
IAA production
HCN
Siderophore
Ammonia
P- solubilization
++
+
++
++
+++
+
++
+
++
++
+
++
++
+
++
++
IAA- Indole-3- Acetic Acid; HCN-Hydrogen Cyanide; - No production; + 0.3–0.5 cm; ++ 0.6–0.9 cm; +++>1 cm
Development of Low cost multiplication media for plant bio-enhancers
Though considerable amount of isolates are available in the country as biofertilizers and
bio-control agents, the formulations in general are based on single microbe which limits their
broad usage. In most cases the final bacterial and fungal population gets reduced to 105 from the
original 106 when they reach the farmers fields. Therefore, there was a need for development of a
dynamic media that could support the multiplication of consortia of elite microbes (CSR-B-2,
CSR-B-3 and CSR-T-1) with the individual colony count of 107.
An eco-friendly organic and
cost effective media was developed using low energy inputs and organic waste. This had
significantly reduced the cost of multiplication while maintaining the live count of the final
product at 107. Moreover, this media was unique of its kind where both fungal (Trichoderma
harzianum) and bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thurigensis) multiplied simultaneously
without disturbing the other.
Comparative assessment of the different media available for multiplication.
Existing technology
Low cost new technology
Uses talc or charcoal based carriers
Uses waste product which is widely
available throughout the country mostly at
zero cost or with minimum transportation
cost.
The raw material used as carrier is a valuable The raw material is a waste product awaiting
source for energy production.
disposal.
To produce 100 kg of the carrier about 30000 To produce 100 kg of the carrier about
ml of the commercial nutrient agar medium or 30000 ml of patented formulation acts as
any other specific chemical medium is required supplement of the nutrient source
30
Total production cost of 200 kg of the product Total production cost of 200 kg solid CSRis approximately about Rs.11,150 /BIO of the product is approximately about
Rs.5,500/Cost of production of liquid CSR-BIO 1 LRs.20.00/Total CFU is maintained at 107 up to 3 months
Initial CFU starts from 109 and even after 3
months it sustains CFU of 107
CSR-BIO – Bio-growth enhancer for commercial horticultural crops
The amalgamation of the consortia of microbes with the low cost patented media has
resulted in production of the bio-stimulant CSR-BIO both in liquid and solid formulations. The
formulation, both solid and liquid, apart from microbes also are suppliers of micro-nutrients for
crop growth because of the inherent nature of the nutrient present in the substrate used in the
dynamic media. The bio-formulation CSR BIO was tested for their efficacy in different crops
like banana and gladiolus through bio-priming with planting material and soil and foliar
application at the critical stages of crop growth. Later, the technology of CSR BIO was
intervened in the adopted clusters of Barabanki with the technology of commercial banana
cultivation, hybrid vegetable cultivation (tomato, okra and capsicum). The technology of
integration of CSRBIO with the varietal replacement was carried out in different integrated
models targeting the holistic livelihood security of the small and marginal land holders.
Application dosage
Seed priming / treatment
100g / kg of seed or 3 % liquid
Seedling dip
3 % solution
Soil application
7 kg in 100kg of FYM @ 35 kg / hac in 500 kg FYM
Foliar spray
3 % spray at critical stages of crop growth
Technological interventions
S.
N
o
1
Technology intervened
Adoption and impact
Commercial
TC
banana
production system with biopriming of plantlets apart from
soil and foliar application +
dairy under SIFS model.
 83.08 % in Barabanki district and 33 % in Rae
Bareilly district
 A total of 205 small and marginal farmers
adopted the technology.
 An average net income of Rs.2.14 lakhs / acre
is obtained when compared with progressive
non-adopters of the locality.
31
Responsible
Consortium
CSSRI,
RRS,
Lucknow
and IVRI,
Bareilly
2
3
4
Commercial hybrid vegetable
production with bio-priming of
seeds apart from soil and foliar
application during the critical
stages of crops + dairy under
SIFS model.
Commercial
cut-flower
(gladiolus) production with
corm-priming apart from soil
and foliar application during the
critical stages of crops + dairy
under SIFS model.
Riverbed cucurbits and tomato
cultivation with bio-priming of
CSR-BIO and soil drenching at
flowering






87.14 % in Barabanki district and 65.25 % in
Rae Bareilly district
A total of 740 small and marginal farmers
adopted the technology.
An average net income of Rs.1.84 lakhs /
acre is obtained when compared with
progressive non-adopters of the locality.
CSSRI,
RRS,
Lucknow
and IVRI,
Bareilly
85.71 % in Barabanki district and 2.00% in
Rae Bareilly district
A total of 122 small and marginal farmers
adopted the technology.
An average net income of Rs.0.79 lakhs /
acre is obtained when compared with
progressive non-adopters of the locality.
CSSRI,
RRS,
Lucknow
and IVRI,
Bareilly
95 families of landless farmers adopted the
technology with varietal supplementation and
bioagent utilization. A net income of Rs.72,500 /
acre / family was obtained when compared to
Rs.49,000 with non adopters.
CSSRI,
RRS,
Lucknow
and IVRI,
Bareilly
Integration of CSR-BIO primed commercial TC (tissue culture) banana with rural poultry,
dairy under SIFS model.
Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard
cultivation for years. Banana is a medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands.
But small farmers fear to adopt it due to fear of risk, high input cost and lack of complete
technical back up.In this scenario a technological approach was developed.

Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with moong and urd dal as intercrop at
the time of planting (February, March) and rural poultry in 0.30 ha with 0.30 ha under
paddy-wheat with resource conservation technologies.

50 backyard poultry birds of Nirbhik/ Shyama strain was integrated with the system.
The birds feed cost was made near to nil by supplementing with in-situ azolla
cultivation and introduction in the village ponds.

The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with CSR-BIO powdered formulation @
45 kg carrier based or 50 L Bio-liquid in 650 kg / ha of FYM or vermicompost and
about 500 g of this mixture (CSR-BIO+FYM) was applied in the basins of the plant
during the 5th and 7th month after planting. 3 percent CSR BIO liquid was sprayed on
the hands of the bunches after emergence.
32

The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds were
allowed to graze in the banana fields.
135
112
36
45
43.5
30
10
Plant height (cm)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Girth (cm)
Contol
12
No.of leaves
Bunch wt. (kg)
K (meq /L)
Treated
Na(meq/L)
Polyphenol
oxidase (abs
min-1g-1)
Contol
Effect of CSR BIO plant morphology and yield
Peroxidase
(abs min-1g-1)
Treated
Effect of CSR-BIO on nutrient and enzymatic
properties
On analysis of data obtained from a sample of 50 adopters and 50 non-adopters of CSRBIO it was observed that the treatment significantly increased the yield and growth the bioprimed TC banana var.G-9 by increasing the nutrient uptake particularly with reference to
potassium (K) and nitrogen (N). The treatment of CSR-BIO also increased the activity of
defense enzymes and income which played an important role in imparting tolerance to winter
frost injury without reducing the yield as compared to untreated controls and also higher income.
Commercial cultivation of bio-hardened banana under SIFS model
Composting with CSR-BIO powder
33
Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice
Components
Traditional system
Gross income
TC Banana
Rice
Wheat
Dairy
Poultry
Miscallaneous
TOTAL
Components
TC Banana
Rice
Wheat
Dairy
Poultry
Miscallaneous
TOTAL
24000
15000
14000
8000
10000
71000
Net
No. of
Expenditure income
mandays
12500
11500
35
8000
7000
22
8000
6,000
45
2826
5174
22
0
10000
10
31326
39674
134
CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry
Technology without CSR BIO and
infertility
gross
net
no. of
gross
net
no. of
income expenditure income mandays income expenditure income mandays
2,78,200 65,000
2,13,200 90
2,36,000 71,000
1,65,000 90
12000
6500
5,500
18
12000
6500
5,500
18
15000
5000
10,000
11
15000
5000
10,000
11
20000
6000
14,000
45
14000
8000
6,000
45
15000
2000
13000
45
8000
2826
5174
22
1000
0
0
10
2000
0
0
20
3,41,200 84,500
2,55,700 219
2,87,000 93,326
1,91,674 206
Application of CSR-BIO in vegetables
Vegetable cultivation using elite variety with CSR-BIO as seed priming, soil application
and foliar spray was intervened effectively with rural backyard poultry of 50 birds initially later
with commercial poultry of 250 birds.
Some of the technologies intervened in vegetable cultivation are

Early or late cultivation of hybrid tomato (var. NS506 or Himsona), okra (var. Hybrid 10 & 564)
and cucurbits.

Seed treatment with CSR-BIO liquid formulation 1per cent solution increased growth and also
reduced the soil borne disease incidence by 40per cent.

Effective and efficient management of nutrients plays a key role in commercial vegetable
cultivation. Soil application of CSR-BIO composted with FYM / vermicompost @ 14 kg in 200 kg /
acre. This had resulted in reduction of threat 30-40per cent of recommended fertilizer schedule.

Foliar spray of 3 per cent of CSR-BIO liquid from the day of first flowering to harvest at an
interval of 20 days. This not only takes care of control of diseases but also acts as a source of auxin
and gibberellins to increase the fruit set percentage.
Commercial cultivation of bio-primed capsicum and tomato
under SIFS model
Bio-priming and soil application of CSR-BIO resulted in 18.5 per cent increase in plant
height, and 20 per cent increase in fruit yield / plant. The treated plants also exhibited higher
plant dry weight (51.1 g / plant) than the untreated control. Also integration with rural poultry
had increased the economic output of the technology
222.00
181.00
79.4
16.33 14.4
Plant
height(cm)
No. of branches
63.47
33 39.27
Days of
flowering
Treated
No. of
fruit/plant
51.1
41.00
Dry weight
/plant (g)
Control
Effect of CSR BIO on growth and yield of tomato in Barabanki district (n=50)
Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice
Components
Traditional system
Vegetables
Paddy
Wheat
Poultry
Miscallaneous
TOTAL
Components
0
24000
15000
8000
10000
57000
0
12500
8000
2826
0
23326
CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry
Vegetables
222000
Paddy
12000
Wheat
0
Poultry
15000
Miscallaneous
1000
TOTAL
250000
38000
6500
0
2000
184000
5500
0
13000
46500
202500
65
18
0
45
10
138
0
11500
7000
5174
10000
33674
0
35
22
22
100
179
Technology without CSR BIO and
infertility
184000
12000
0
8000
2000
206000
41000
6500
0
2826
143000
5500
0
5174
50326
153674
70
18
11
22
20
141
Bio-priming and soil application of promising salt tolerant endophytes and rhizosphere
bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladiolus under salt affected sodic soils
Gladiolus, a commercial cut flower, grown traditionally in the river basins of perennial
rivers suffered the salt injury due to the development of sodicity in its rhizosphere. The
approaches of using gypsum and pyrite in reclamation of these sodic soils have not been able to
change the soil physical and biological properties that limited its cultivation. Though a high
value crop, it was never grown in the project area probably due to this reason. Therefore,
alternative biological approach of utilizing CSR-BIO was attempted to induce salt tolerance in
gladiolus grown in sodic soils. The salient research results are as follows:
Application of CSR-BIO through corm treatment (bio-priming of corms with 3 percent
liquid formulation), soil application @ 35 kg / 500 kg of FYM / ha and foliar sprays during
critical period in gladiolus crop, significantly increased the spike length (96.33cm), number of
florets (19) and weight of spike (115.00g) than the control (standard local growers). Also, the
treated plants showed an increased activity of superoxide dismutase, phenyl alanine lyase ,
catalase, peroxidise, phenols and proline than control. Further, the soil pH, total carbonates and
SAR were lower in treated soils. The Na+ / K+ ratio in leaves of treated plants was observed to be
lower than control. In conclusion, these bio-inoculums can be used as growth enhancer and bioameliorant in sodic soils as an eco-friendly management strategy.
CSR-BIO treated and control plots
Impact of treatments with CSR-BIO in commercial cut flower (gladiolus) cultivation with
integration of rural poultry and infertility management in dairy
The technology of bio-priming of gladiolus corns, soil application of CSR BIO enriched
FYM and foliar sprays during critical period was integrated with rural poultry production
adopted by 122 small and marginal farmers were interviewed through questionnaire method for
the analysis of the average income obtained and man days spent for the implementation of the
technology.
1,32,744
140000
120000
100000
80150
72500
80000
60000
49000
40000
20000
29500
15070
5500 8000
5700
5174 850
12400
5000 4200
0
Paddy
Gladiolus
Vegetable
Adopters Net income (Rs)
Poultry
Dairy
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Non-adopters Net income (Rs)
Increase in income pattern during the pre and post intervention period
It has contributed a major portion of post intervention income in the SIFS model
(Rs.72500/-) making this as a short term entrepreneur venture. The sustainability of the model
was maintained by supplemental income with vegetables to about Rs.15070 and dairy to about
Rs29500/-.
Table: Profitability of the technology during the post intervention period
Paddy
Gladiolus
Vegetable
Poultry
Dairy
Land lease
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Gross income
(Rs)
12000
87500
24000
8000
38000
0
5000
1,74,500
Expenditure
(Rs)
6500
15000
8930
2826
8500
10000
51,756
Net income
(Rs)
5500
72500
15070
5174
29500
0
5000
1,32,744
No of man days
18
21
35
22
42
0
45
183
Assessment of adoption rate of CSR-BIO + dairy under SIFS model

The technology was intervened in about 1067 farmers through training right from the
year 2010 onwards till 2014. The adoption year wise adoption percentage clearly
revealed that it was a minimum ranging from 10-55 per cent in the first year where only
varietal replacement was undertaken and the product was in the genesis phase. However,
farmers were using formulation obtained from dealers in the specific locations.

In the 2nd year the crude formulation without commercialization was intervened free of
charge in the respective crops, which showed an increase in the adoption percentage due
to the farmer’s preference of the technology after witnessing their growth at the
experimental farm during the training programme? The adoption percentage ranged from
63-84 per cent for different crops.

During the third year when the product was commercialized, due to their better
performance the farmer’s purchased the product and started using them, which witnessed
an increased adoption percentage of 83.00-87.11 per cent over all the commercial crops.
The number of beneficiaries who adopted had also increased to 1067 majority being after
the intervention of CSR-BIO product.

A unique feature is that the product CSR BIO was sold to farmers from the institute at
full price while inputs like seeds were given at 30 % of cost.
100.00
87.14
84.00
68.57
63.73
80.00
85.71
83.08
66.15
85.11
55.00
60.00
36.07
40.00
17.14
20.00
10.00
0.00
2010-11 (without csrbio)
Banana based
2011-12 (with
formulation)
Vegetable based
2012-13 (with csr-bio)
Flower based
Total / average
Adoption percentage of the CSR-BIO technology year wise
1200
1067
1000
740
800
610
600
491
400
200
67
12 55 5
137
65 72 42
176
122
54
30
205
74
45
122
0
2010-11
(without csrbio)
Banana based
2011-12 (with 2012-13 (with 2012-14 (with
formulation)
csr-bio)
csr-bio)
vegetable based
flower based
Total (201014)
Total / average
Adoption profile of the CSR-BIO technology year wise
Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO
The present technological intervention of CSR BIO was made in banana (bio-priming in
primary hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5th month after planting followed by
foliar spray at 7th and 9th month after planting), vegetables and cut flowers (seed or corm
priming; soil application at a week before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages
of the crop). The sampling population was divided into two groups, small (< 1 ha) and large land
holdings (> 1 ha), based on the average landholding data as obtained from the block office of the
district to assess the social factors that led to the acceptance and adoption of the CSR-BIO
technology. A total of 344 respondents were interviewed among the 582 beneficiaries of the
technology. Respondents were restricted to farmers who had practiced the technology more than
once. Training was imparted to farmers group of four clusters each in two blocks of the district
during the year 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13.
Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and
means. The assessment of adoption level was expressed in percent. Partial correlation analysis
was carried out to assess the relationship between the factors of adoption and adoption intensity
(AI). Regression analyses based on logic regression model using dummy variables were used for
assessing the level of factors contributing the adoption intensity (AI). According to the results of
this investigation, the important factors that influenced the adoption and adoption intensity of the
technology included training level, engagement in agriculture as primary occupation and small
landholding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the small landholders from economically
backward group with agriculture as primary occupation showed more interest in attending
training program and adopting the technology intensively than the big landholders.
Logistics regression co-efficient of the factors affecting the adoption intensity (AI) of CSR
BIO technology (N=344).
Statistics
Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
Pr > |t|
Significance
Variable
Training
0.05008
0.22428
0.8243*
0.001
Land Holding
-0.11498
0.20017
0.5686*
0.000
Occupation
0.17785
0.26978
0.5132*
0.015
Marketing
0.31790
0.28126
0.1430
0.385
Age
-0.87353
0.88521
0.3291
0.386
Gender
-0.32889
0.22051
* Significance at P= 0.01 %.
0.1250
0.385
Adjusted RSquare
Co-efficient
of variation
0.9504
23.63285
Impact of CSR BIO on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops
The profitability of the CSR BIO formulation in commercial crops like tomato and
banana with its impact on reducing use of chemical fungicides toxic to the environment was
assessed with adopters and non adopters of CSR-BIO in two major banana and tomato growing
areas of the Barabanki district (Trivediganj and Haidergarh) during two growing seasons of the
year 2011-12 and 2012-13.
A structured questionnaire based data were collected from 100 adopters and 100 nonadopters of the CSR BIO technology in tomato var. Himsona (Syngenta Hybrid Seeds, India) and
banana var. G-9 (Hindustan Bioenergy Ltd., India). Results showed an overall increase in yield
up to 22.43 and 15.62 per cent in the adopters of tomato and banana which simultaneously
increased the gross profitability to 20.11 and 17.39 per cent in banana and tomato respectively.
The use of plant protection chemicals was 47.33 and 33.36 per cent lower than the non-adopters
who didn’t practiced the technology in tomato and banana respectively.
The mean banana bunch yield of 31.53 kg was obtained with adopters while the nonadopters obtained a mean bunch yield of 27.27 kg. The mean expenditure incurred in production
was Rs. 0.64 lakhs among the adopters while among the non-adopters the mean expenditure was
Rs. 0.70 lakhs. Adopters gained an average gross income of Rs.2.78 lakhs from one acre while
the non adopters obtained a gross profit of Rs.2.36 lakhs from one acre of crop. Adopters
sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non adopters
used chemical sprays for 11.067 times.
Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in
banana (N=100)
Parameters
Significance
(P = 0.05)
31.533
Standard
Deviation
(SD)
4.612
0.030
Standard Error
Difference
(SED)
1.867
2
27.266
5.574
0.030
1.867
Expenditure
1
0.647
5.522
0.006
2.026
(Rs)
2
0.707
5.574
0.006
2.026
Income (Rs)
1
2.782
0.393
0.013
0.157
2
2.366
0.464
0.013
0.157
1
7.333
1.195
0.004
0.658
2
11.067
2.250
0.005
0.658
Yield (kg)
Pesticide
*Group
Mean
1
*1= adopters; 2= non adopters
In the case of tomato the adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the
non-adopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. The mean expenditure incurred in production was Rs.
37,000/- among adopters while the non adopters incurred Rs. 41,000/-. The gross return obtained
was Rs. 2.21 and Rs. 1.84 lakhs between adopters and non-adopters respectively. An average of
6.533 sprays was given to the crop during its growing period by the adopters while the mean
spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times.
Table. Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in
tomato (N=100)
Parameters
Yield (kg)
Expenditure
(Rs)
Income (Rs)
Pesticide
*Group
Mean
19.640
Standard
Deviation
4.079
Significance
(P = 0.05)
0.004
Standard Error
Difference
1.137
1
2
16.053
1.663
0.005
1.137
1
0.378
4.224
0.026
1.414
2
0.412
3.489
0.026
1.414
1
2.216
0.448
0.008
0.130
2
1.845
0.229
0.010
0.130
1
6.533
1.567
0.001
0.569
2
12.400
1.549
0.001
0.569
*1= adopters; 2= non adopters

The technology of seed treatment, soil application and foliar spray of CSR-BIO was
intervened in about 740 beneficiaries (582 hybrid tomato + 158 bhendi) in vegetables like
bhendi var. M-10 and tomato var. Himsona and NS 507 over a period of three years. The
average land holding of the adopters were 0.30 to 0.40.
35
30
28.8
25
12.8
8.8
12
16
15
10
0
24
20
21.5
20
5
25
5.2
4.32
2.16
Bhendi
Tomato
Banana
Pre Yield (t/acre)
Potential yield of variety (t/acre)
Post yield (t/acre)
% yield increase
Effect of intervention on yield bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind and banana var.G-9
Effect of CSR-BIO on average net-income from in 1 acre bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind

The yield of bhendi, tomato and banana increased to 21 .50 per cent, 25.0 per cent and
28.8 per cent respectively compared to the potential yield of the hybrid variety and the
average standard yield of progressive farmers of the locality. Simultaneously, the income
from bhendi and tomato increased to 18.6 per cent and 21.4 respectively.
The effect of interventions like varietal replacement and crop diversification in the SIFS
model can be harnessed with synergestic effect of the two technological interventions of
infertility management in cattle and growth enhancer cum nutrient uptake promoter (CSR-BIO)
in the adopted project beneficiaries.
List of Firms and their production status up to Dec. 2014
Firms purchased
Area
% yield Crops
benefitted increase
Disease controlled
M/S Krishicare Bioinputs,
TamilNadu
700 ha
18
Ixora, Banana
Jasmine,Green
house Tomato
Wilt Fusarium wiltFe+ availability
Blight and Fusarium wilt
M/S Jai Visions AgriTech, Ghaziabad, U.P
400 ha
12
Gladiolus, Potato Leaf blight ,Scab and Blight of
potato
M/S Alwin Industries,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
12 ha
22
Chillies and garlic Wilt and blight
Impact of CSR-BIO on the environment as an eco-protectant
Most of the commercial horticultural crops like tomato, potato, banana, okra etc are being
extensively sprayed with fungicide and pesticide to avail the economic benefits of the crop
setting aside the health hazards creating by indiscriminate sprays. Also the soil loses its
sustainability due to the intensive use of soil drenching fungicides. The eco-balance gets
disturbed resulting in deterioration of human health and environment.
The CSR-BIO technological intervention was made in banana (bio-priming in primary
hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5th month after planting followed by foliar spray
at 7th and 9th month after planting) and tomato (seed or corm priming; soil application at a week
before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages of the crop). The impact of the
product in reducing the pesticide use was evaluated using a structured questionnaire in about 100
adopters and 100 non adopters. Survey was restricted to adopters and non-adopters who had
similar land fertility status and market. The findings of the survey in banana crop growers
indicated existence of significant differences between adopters and non adopters with respect to
chemical pesticide / fungicide used during the cropping period as plant protection measures. The
adopters sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non
adopters used chemical sprays for 11.067 times. In a single spray for 1 acre of the crop about 600
ml of chemical plant protectant were being used therefore, about 2.25 L of the chemicals were
saved due to use of CSR-BIO. Under the project a total of 171 beneficiaries adopted the
technology which had resulted in saving of 382.5 L of chemical plant protectants. Application of
CSR-BIO had also increased the uptake of potassium, phosphorous and iron in the soil. The
potassium content in leaves of treated plants ranged from 6-4 meq/L while in untreated control it
ranged from 3-2 meq/L.
There is clearly a pronounced effect by the use of CSR-BIO on the yield, and pesticide
use in tomato crop. The adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the nonadopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. An average of 6.533 sprays was given to the crop during
its growing period by the adopters while the mean spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times.
There existed nearly 50 % reduction in the fungicide use by the farmers to save their crop from
diseases. In a single spray for one acre of crop about 480 ml of the chemical protectant is being
used therefore, about 3 L of chemical plant protectant was saved due to use of CSR-BIO
technology in one acre of the tomato crop.
5.6. Intervention on goat
Base line survey on goat production status from 8 villages belonging to Sareni and
Lalganj blocks of Raebareli district and 9 villages of Haidergarh and Trivediganj of Barabanki
district covering 147 households keeping goats revealed that almost all the goat keepers (>90%)
belonged to socio-economically backward communities and their major source of income was
wages in agriculture and factories nearby their villages. The goats found in this area are nondescript with mixed feature and low in productivity. The farmers depend on scrub bucks for
breeding their goats, since no buck of any breed is available in this area. Goats were mainly
looked after by women and children in the families. Goats are mainly maintained on grazing or
crop residues in fallow lands, bunds and riverside. However, grazing resources and bio-mass
availability is poor. Feeding of tree leaves is a common practice in this area. No supplementation
of concentrate is provided by the goat keepers except to some lactating goats in a small quantity
(50-100 gm/d). The milk yield of the goats ranged between 200-300 ml/day. Most of goat
keepers keep 3-6 goats with an average flock size of 3.2 in Barabanki and 2.8 in Raebareli
district. Housing space for goats was highly inadequate and so goats are kept in human
dwellings. The awareness and adoption level about improved goat rearing interventions/
practices such as strategic supplementary feeding, deworming and vaccination was almost
negligible. The kid mortality is high due to lack of health measures on account of negligence
among the goat keepers. Under extensive management system goat keepers are earning Rs. 8001500 per goat/ year and mostly sold their goat at the doorstep through middleman. Males were
mostly castrated as castrated male get better price and could be managed easily in group grazing
and housing.
Distribution of Purebred goats: Four hundred forty eight high potential Barbari and Sirohi
goats were provide to more than 150 beneficiaries belonging to landless, small and marginal
categories in Barabanki and Raebareli districts to ensure their livelihood.
Distribution of purebred breeding bucks: Seventy four high quality breeding bucks of Barbari
and Sirohi breeds were distributed among the farmers to improve their existing non-descript
goats in Barabanki and Raebareli districts.
Marketing pattern of goats: The marketing aspect of goats was studied in both the districts.
The study indicated that the goat keepers fail to get optimum sell price of the goats/kids due to
un-organised goat marketing system.
Table . Level of Awareness and adoption of improved practices of goat rearing
S.
No
1
Improved Practices/
Technologies
Concentrate Feeding
Districts
Aw
90
Barabanki
Ad
8
Aw
80
Raebareli
Ad
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Green Fodder
Straw Feeding
Mineral Mixture
Feeding Devices
Deworming
Vaccination
Buck selection& utilization
Breeding Practices
85
96
20
20
35
30
30
45
3
30
1
5
0
0
5
20
70
87
10
45
25
15
30
50
2
26
0
4
0
0
5
22
10
Goat housing & Sanitation
30
5
35
5
Aw- Awareness level, Ad-Adoption level of farmers
Table: Reasons for selling of goat in the adopted villages
Reasons
Un-economic to take small numbers to the livestock market
Non-availability of time
Distress sale at low price to avoid return of animals
More time required for marketing in hats
Lack of facilities in the Market for the animals
Lack of transparency in marketing in local hats
%age of farmers
55
38
27
32
22
45
Table. Farmer’s perception on low price of their goats
Reasons
Distress sale
Lack of market information
Need of money in urgency
Poor health of animals
Other
% of farmers
62.4
38.5
22.5
15.4
4.5
Table . Marketing attributes of goats in Barabanki & Raebareli districts
Name of No. of adopted Average
District
villages
family
surveyed
size
Average
flock
size
Barabanki
8
4.7
3.2
Raebareli
7
4.3
2.8
Price of adult goat
Male
(1-24)
25003000
20002600
Female
(1-24)
20003000
20002500
Income/
goat
10001500
10001200
The average age at first kidding, milk yield per
day and body weights at 12 months of age of Sirohi
goats were
18.5±0.7 months, 705±25 ml and
22.50±0.72 kg in Barabanki district. Corresponding
values for non-descript goats were 16.2 ±0.6 months,
510±22ml and 16.6±0.34 kg. The corresponding values
in Sirohi goats were 19.7±0.83 months, 710±21 ml and
19.5±0.63 kg, respectively in Raebareli district and in
non-descript goats were 16.6±0.66 months, 490±18 ml and 15.7±0.25 kg, respectively. Average
mortality in young kids (up to 3 months of age) was 16.4% varied from 5–24% over households;
however, mortality in adult was 8.4%. More than 90% goats for meat are sold by goat keepers at
their village to the butchers. Average gross income from non-descript goats under extensive
management system was Rs. 2465 per goat per year. Overall income per Sirohi goat was Rs 4000
per year through sale of milk and kids and net profit per goat was Rs 2925 which was 28%
higher than non-descript goats. The study suggested that the grading-up, strategic feeding and
health care are necessary to increase productivity of goats.
Impact of Activities: The crossbred kids born using Sirohi bucks attained higher body weights
18- 20 kg as compared to non-descript kids (15-17kg) at the age of one year. The Sirohi goats
produced milk 0.8-1.8 lit/d with a lactation length of 6-7months under field conditions. Some
(12%) goat keepers sold the surplus goat milk @Rs. 12/litre to sustain their livelihood. With the
intervention of this project the goat keepers in the adopted areas are sensitized for supplementary
feeding and health care of their goats. Few farmers from both the districts are keen to start goat
rearing on commercial lines. Goat + rural poultry + fruit or vegetable crops emerged as a
successful IFS model for landless, marginal and small farmers in this region. This model is fit for
earning livelihood in limited resources.
5.7. Specialized Integrated Farming System models (SIFS)
Commonly practiced integrated system models are sustainable, provide continuous
income but profitability is low. In the changing scenario enhanced income with sustainability is
the prime concern. This was also pointed out by the farmers during interactions when critical
gaps were being studied. In this scenario, we postulated a new concept of IFS for higher
profitability and named it Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS). In the system we
incorporated 4 components viz. basal crop, medium duration cash crops, short/ super short
duration cash crops and value addition in the system as well as produce. Basal crops provide
support to the system and included crops like cereals, plantations, dairies for increasing assets
etc. The medium duration cash crops are chosen by farmers for bulk cash such as banana,
papaya, goat, pig etc. The most crucial component is short duration cash crops as it provides day
to day earning and fulfills family need and included seasonal/ off season vegetables, cut flowers
like gladiolus, apiculture, rural poultry, milk production etc. To assure sustainability value
addition in the system was opted. This included organic production system, continuous reduction
in input cost targeting less than 20% of 1st year within 2-3 years. For organic production system
large scale value added compost as NADEP, vermi-compost, biodynamic preparation, and biogrowth enhancer based on substrate dynamics and crop rotation were intervened.
We took the target of 4 models but at present more than 64 farmers are practicing the
system as per their likings. The models provided more than 1.0 lakhs net income per annum to
landless and above 1.5 lakhs to small holders with sustainability. All the research inputs and
need based developed technologies were infused in the system.
5.8. Other interventions
5.8.1. SRI (System of rice intensification)
In 2009 intermittent rain resulted in draught like situation. This phenomenon occurs
periodically. To overcome the problem, SRI method was introduced. Dhaincha was spread sown
after transplanting the 14th day seedlings, raised as matt nursery. After 30-34 days dhaincha was
mulched using conoe weeder. This intervention was done in both districts. The crop visibility
improved by 55-60 days. Irrigation requirement was only at the time of mulching and scanty
rains during the season was sufficient for the crop. Tillering in SRI fields averaged 39.1 (12-51)
against 19.3 with the same variety in neibouring fields transplanted with traditional method. The
chemical fertilizers were reduced by 40% and the yield was normal/ or higher by 5-10%
compared to fully irrigated traditional methods. In contrast the crops receiving no or 1-2
irrigation showed stunted growth and yield suffered heavily with significantly reduced grain
setting. This intervention was used as demonstration intervention against draught.
5.8.2. Zero- tillage intervention in wheat
Under conservation agriculture, to save the cost and time in wheat cultivation, zerotillage technology was demonstrated in both the districts. The major advantage derived was early
full maturity of grains by 2-3rd week of March when sudden rise in temperature resulted in
drying of grains before full maturity.
5.8.3. Mass vaccination and integrated health management
In the project area every year mortality from HS (Haemorrhagic septicemia) and FMD
was a common feature. Farmers were educated and convinced for vaccination. From 2010-2012
mass vaccination was supported through AH department. Since 2010 onward not a single death
has been reported and now on farmers are getting vaccinations timely by their own.
5.8.4. Artificial Insemination
The comparison of insemination method from different sources was done to know the
reasons of conception failure. In the comparison 800 animals that were given IVRI-Fertisure-1
for estrous induction along with 600 animals with natural estrous were included. The results are
given below:
Source
Without Fertisure
Inseminated
Conceived
With Fertisure
%
48
Inseminated
Conceived
%
355
199
56
BAIF
282
138
Natural service
61
31
50 103
61
59
AH Depart.
256
81
31 342
137
40
The lower conception from AH department AI was due to wide variation in the
inseminators while in case of BAIF trained inseminators were constant. The higher % of
conception after feeding of Fertisure attracted farmers for estrous induction.
5.8.5. Apiculture
Apiculture was introduced in all the clusters mainly as pollinators. The secondary
outcome was honey. However, limitation of flowers in rainy season was a major problem for its
adoption as self employment venture. It is being practiced as subsidiary income throughout the
clusters and helping in pollination of the crops. The peak season is mustard and mango flowering
seasons and during the period each box provided about 5 kg of fresh honey in a week. Honey
extraction and processing machines have been provided in 2 clusters for use in the communities.
5.8.6. Floriculture
In the villages of the project area, no floriculture activity was existing. Gladiolus was
introduced in 2009 as short duration cash crop with 3 farmers. Next year itself 40 farmers opted
it. With the use of CSR-BIO and reasonable production in problematic soils, the venture has
become very popular. Only first year the help in marking was provided and now farmers are
selling by their own. Each spike fetched between Rs. 3-4/ in peak season and highest of Rs 9/
during lean season. Now the farmers are growing selected varieties as per the market demand.
5.8.7. Nursery /Protected cultivation
Raising seedling under protected cultivation is very important for timely availability of it.
Therefore, 16 small nursery shade nets were constructed with participation of farmers located
strategically. Due to these farmers are raising seedling in these shade nets during off season for
early/ late sowing.
5.8.8. Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as source of cancer prevention and immunemodulator
Creating livelihood to resource poor farmers get jeopardized if human/ family health is
not considered. During the project period it happened to some families who were unable to incur
huge expenditure on chemotherapy of tumors/ cancers. A challenge was taken to evaluate a
popularly available costal belt plant for its efficacy in preventing the NMU induced tumors in rat
models, which very similar to human beings. The fruit juice of the plant prevented NMU induced
cancers, while ethanol extracts of leaves prevented cancers but not the tumors. The fruit juice
used as therapeutic measure converted invasive cancers into benign while ethanol extract
converted the invasive cancers into non-invasive. Based on these exploratory unique findings,
seedlings of Morinda citrifolia were introduced from Port Blair and being propagated. Some
farmers have already planted it for routine use, since it is best immune-modulator.
5.8.9. Integration of commercial cash crops like Banana/ guava and some vegetable crops
with rural backyard poultry
Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard
cultivation for years for which profitability is very low. Banana and papaya are sustainable
medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands whereas guava can be grown in
any type of land including with partial sodicity. Banana is one of the high nutrient draining crop
and succumb to natural vagaries like wind storm, draught, frost etc and initial cost many time
prohibit the farmers and profitability and production is also highly variable. These are some of
the reasons making farmers doubtful with the venture. In this scenario present technological
approach was developed. Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with rural poultry.
Tissue cultured banana G-9 variety can be planted if it was taken as a pure crop at a spacing of
1.5 x 1.5m otherwise it can be planted at a spacing of 1.8 x 1.8m with intercrops during the
initial period. They were integrated with 50-100 backyard poultry birds/ per 0.25ha of Nirbhik
/Shyama strains. The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with vermi-composting and
Trichoderma, Bacillus and Pseudomonads based liquid and farm manures which also reduces the
cost on fertilizers. The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds
were allowed to graze in the banana fields. The birds feed cost was made near to nil by
supplementing with in-situ azolla cultivation in the interspaces. Tissue cultured secondary
hardened plants of 25-30 cm in height and about 5 cm girth having five healthy fully opened
leaves were preferred to get better establishment and uniform growth. Sometimes it is seen that
secondary hardening done in open during June may results in stunted growth which influence the
bunch size later. Standard agronomic practices were followed for the cultivation. Similar
evaluation was done with guava (Sweta/ Lalit) spaced at 3x3m.

The fields integrated with poultry had nil or negligible pest and disease damage both in
banana as well as guava plantations. Poultry acted as bio-control agent for pests/ insects.

The faecal matter added nutrients in the field naturally and increased the soil microbial
count.

The requirement of birds, both for bio-control as well as space intensity was estimated as
minimum of 5sq.m per bird and a small shelter in the field where dampness is not there is
sufficient for housing.
5.8.10. Improved composting to promote organic production system
The widespread problem of indiscriminate use of sub-standard pesticides is a well known
phenomenon and a serious human concern. The valuable dung and biomass is not properly recycled and sizeable quantity is wasted. Our one of the objective was to promote organic
production system and major achievement in form of plant bio-enhancer has been made.
Therefore, we popularized vermi-composting and NADEP composting. It is very popular and
more than 700 farmers are practicing them.
5.8.11. Vegetable cultivation on riverbed
About 10-11 landless families in each district were practicing one crop of vegetables on
river beds and annual income was Rs. 10000-15000/. Keeping in view that these families have
no other options, we intervened with varietal improvement, agronomic practices, CSR-BIO, rural
poultry and diesel engine for irrigation. The area was expanded by them for more than 8 km,
crops became twice in a year and profit was above Rs. 1.75 lakhs per family. By 2011 itself more
than 42 families were earning their livelihood through this intervention.
5.8.12. Nutrition garden to the families
This intervention was initiated on the advice of Chairman, RPC. Though each family in
the village grow some vegetable in the vicinity of their house but importance and compostion
based on nutrition point of view was lacking. We introduced 1-2 lemon, guava, banana, fields
and creeper vegetables with varietal improvements. Due to packaging of slightly higher quantity
of seeds, farmers were reluctant but when small quantity was available, they preferred it.
5.8.13. Surface run off harvesting, life saving irrigation and awareness about common
water body management
The farmers are reluctant to go for ponds due to higher initial cost. We created livelihood
security of one family through digging of a pond in sodic land integrated with fish, plantation
and rural poultry. 3 more farmers renovated their ponds with this motivation. More than 200
farmers created micro-irrigation and few drip system. Some more are going to install drip
irrigation system gradually. In gosthis, farmers were taken to village common water bodies and
awareness about their importance and maintenance was created. Since panchayats own these
bodies and a source of income to panchayats, efforts were made to sensitize them.
5.8.14. Survey on mycotoxins in commonly available food ingredients
Commonly available feed ingredients in household being used for human as well as
livestock were monitored in northern plains during winter months (safe for fungus growth) for
mycotoxins viz. aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. The household ingredients showed higher level of
aflatoxin (above permissible limit) in 20% samples whereas T-2 toxin in 35% samples and only
9% and 24% samples, respectively were free from toxins. Generally the symptoms of general
systematic state produced by these toxins are ignored but very detrimental on health.
Concentration of Afla and T-2 mycotoxin in food and feed stuffs collected from different
places of Barabanki and Raebareli districts
Samples
Aflatoxin (nos.)
T-2 toxin (nos.)
Negative samples
1. Feed Ingredients
7
18
2. Balanced feed
4
8
67
56
Positive samples
Feed Ingredients
0-10
ppb
29
-
10-20
ppb
16
-
20-50
ppb
9
6
50-100
ppb
4
24
100-500 ppb
2
18
More than 500 ppb
Feed samples
0-10
ppb
-
8
10
6
7
-
10-21
ppb
2
-
20-50
ppb
1
1
50-100
ppb
-
4
100-500 ppb
-
1
More than 500 ppb
-
-
5.8.15. Studies on calf mortality and prevalence of enteric viruses in calf diarrhoea
Survival of neonatal calves is imperative for livestock propagation; however, a large
number of calves die during the first year of their life causing heavy drain on the economics of
livestock production. A heavy toll of neonates buffalo calves, particularly during first three
months of their postnatal life is a common feature. However, environmental and management
factors hasten the occurrence of such conditions. Monsoon is most susceptible season to calf
disease and mortality. Highest mortality was observed from birth to one month of age. Female
calves had higher mortality than males during this stage. Mortality was very marginal after one
year of age. Broncho-pneumonia and pneumo-enteritis were the major causes of mortality in
calves. The mean mortality from birth to weaning at 6 months was 9.6%, with 2.9% occurring in
the first 3 days of life and 6.7% from 3 days to 6 months as post-weaning mortality. The mean
mortality from 6 months to 12 months of age was 1.3%. There were no significant influences
found in the analyses. The main causes of mortality in calves were diseases of the alimentary
tract (59%), diseases of respiratory tract (26%), septicemia (14%) and navel/ joint ills/ ascariasis
(6%). Nearly 5.8% of calves born do not survive until weaning. In general, a loss of 4.7% of the
calves in the first 21 days of life and another 3.4 % loss from 21 days to weaning occur. The
birth weight of calves was found directly correlated with survival. None of the calves having
body weight above 15 kg died whereas calves with less than 8 kg had highest mortality.
Screening of faecal samples by ELISA: A total of 373 dirrrhoeic faecal samples from calves
collected from diarrheic calves were screened for rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and
cryptosporidium by ELISA. Out of 373 samples, 89 cases were positive for rotavirus (23.9 %),
22 cases positive for corona virus (5.9 %) and 16.07% positive for E. coli. None of the samples
was positive for cryptosporidium. Mixed infections of rota and coronavirus were seen in 1.78 %
and mixed infections of and E.coli in 5.35 % cases. The rota viral infection was more common in
neonates, while corona virus detected in calves aged up to 8 months. E. coli prevalence was wide
and covered all ages of calves.
5.9. Overall impact of the project
a) Increased awareness
The aim of this research project was skill development, generating awareness about new
technological approaches for low input- higher profitability and crop rotation. The models
suiting to their socio-economic penury were developed and popularized. The best method was
found to be the participatory approach, gosthis, and strategic trainings. Master trainers have been
developed in the area for each major intervention. This aim has been achieved fully and
sustainability will be assured even after closure of the project.
b) Change in expenditure pattern
A study was conducted to assess the impact of the interventions in real terms and for it
the expenditure pattern of the families was surveyed. The expenditure pattern and income are
presented here. The expenditure on food and clothing in pre-intervention period was costing
average of 71.4% and only 28.6% monthly earning was available for other family needs. In postintervention period the pattern was drastically changed. In spite of improved food, nutrition and
clothing quality, the expenditure was 23.2% of total income. All the families incurred
expenditure on family rituals, like marriages etc. but none of them needed loans. The turning
point was in children education. The children withdrawn or highly irregular in the schools started
attending schools regularly.
Average monthly expenditure pattern of families
Group Head
Food, clothing etc.
Pre-intervention
expenditure
(Rs.)
119.9
71.4
1685.6
23.2
Education related
20.0
1.2
726.5
10.0
Health care.
83.3
5*
930.0
12.8
--
-
2346.7
32.3
House hold expenses
(Matrimonials, rituals, cash in bank
etc)
374.2
22.4
1576.6
21.7
Total Income
1670.6
100
7265.4
100
Infra-structure
(Hhouse/machinery/School etc)

%
Post-intervention
expenditure (Rs.)
%
-
Denotes occasional borrowings as per need
Depiction of the total income in pre- and post- intervention period
8000
7000
6000
5000
Pre Intervention
4000
Post Intervention
3000
2000
1000
0
Total income
Depiction of change in expenditure pattern
Expenditure pattern
80
Percent utilization
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Food and
clothing
Education
related
Health care
Infra-structure
House hold
expences
c) Adoption of new low input- high profitable technologies
The base line survey clearly indicated that farmers were not aware about the new
technologies and also if heard the source of exposure/ inputs. This project not only created
awareness but also trained them on the latest technological approaches which will be very
beneficial for up-grading and up-scaling their knowledge and activities. The unique technologies
like CSR-BIO, infertility control, mastitis prevention and control, new rural poultry production
technology for quick resource generation and self-employment, integration of plantation with
poultry, sodic land reclamation using microbial dynamisn, induction of flowering in mango
through endophytes, fodder and azolla cultivation, SRI to combat draught, zero-tillage to
conserve soil moisture and reduce cultivation cost, banana as cash crop etc solved their major
problems of low profitability and livelihood security.
d) Availability of SIFS models
SIFS Models for Landless/sub-marginal farmers
(Having up to 500 sq.m. land)
Component
Area (Sq.
M.)
Input Cost in
Rs.
Poultry (Semi-range) (250x4
50
10000
cycle) integrated with Azolla
Estimated
Production &
Cost in Rs.
135000
Dairy (5 adult) in SIS mode
200
SIS mode
125000
Azolla for poultry & cattle
50
--
--
Perennial fodder (CO-3)
300
Gradually as
per need
Total= Rs. 260000/-
Infrastructural Input per year
=
Rs.50000/-
Unforeseen Expenditure
=
Rs.30000/-
Waiting period
=
1.5 -2 years
Diversification suggested
=
after one year

Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables,
fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security
was incorporated. The landless also opted for leased land in the villages for fodder
cultivation.
(SIFS) Models for small landholders
(1 Acre. Land)
Component
Area (Sq.
M.)
Input Cost in
Rs.
3600
Estimated
Production &
Cost in Rs.
70000
Net
Profitability
(per year)
60000
Banana-Poultry
1000
50
8000
100000
90000
Fodder (CO-3)
2000
500
--
--
Gladiolus-veg.
500
12000
55000
40000
Dairy (6-8 adult)
400
SIS mode
200000
150000
Azolla
50
--
--
--
(300 seeding
Poultry (Semi-range)
(200x4 cycle)
Total
Electricity / Labour Charges per year
=
Rs.50000/-
Infrastructural Input per year
=
Rs.50000/-
Unforeseen Expenditure
=
Rs.30000/-
Waiting period
=
1.5-2 years
Rs. 340000/-

Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables, fruit
crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security was incorporated.
SIFS model for medium and large farmers for self employment
(1 Hactare Land)
Component
Area (Sq. M.) Input Cost Estimated
in Rs.
Production &
Cost in Rs.
Banana-Poultry
1500
5500
8500
(460 plants
Poultry (Semi-range)
50
8000
100000
(200x4 cycle)
Guava – Poultry (60
500
2400
15000
Plants
Goatery (30 nos.)
100
90000
60000
Fodder (CO-3)
6500
--Gladiolus – Veg.
500
12000
55000
Dairy (20 adults)
600
300000 +
700000
SIS mode
Azolla
200
---
Net Profitability
(per year)
70000
90000
12000
60000
-40000
7500000
-Total 1020000/-
Electricity / Labour Charges per year =
Rs.100000/Infrastructural Input per year
=
Rs.100000/Unforeseen Expenditure
=
Rs.50000/ Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables,
fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security
was incorporated. Since they are large farmers, the crop component of wheat,
paddy, pulses, oilseeds etc continued with improved technologies.
f) Low cost reclamation of sodic land and utilization from the first year itself
In Raebareli district, vast stretches of degraded land having p H above 8.0 is available.
Majority of land is reclaimed using the gypsum based technology but productivity is very low. In
the area around Hardoi village, the wheat production is around 1.1 t/ha. In these areas,
reclamation technology based on soil microbial dynamism was found very helpful. The landless
families are given patta of sodic panchayat land and being resource poor they cannot afford
costly gypsum based technology. It was realized by the farmers through their interventions that
without livestock, agriculture cannot sustain and with the availability of technology for infertility
control, now they are rearing and expanding bovine units, though very costly venture to
establish. The cash crop of banana is now being taken by farmers on reclaimed land using CSRBIO.
g) Increased Cost: Benefit ratio
The survey to assess the actual profitability of various system was done through C;B ratio
of farming systems. The tradition farming system being practiced in the villages were providing
C; B ratio of around 1.5. Some farmers having some degree of awareness practiced IFS and the
C: B ratio increases to 2.5-2.8 which is an improvement. The SIFS models intervened are
providing C: B ratio above 4.0. Though many interventions individually provided it above 7.0
but in the system ratio of 4.0 and above on sustainable basis itself denotes the status of
profitability.
h) Changes over the baseline survey:
Significant improvement in the livelihood security of the farmers has been made during the
period and it is continuing.
Categories
Baseline
Target
Present Status
1. Family income (Rs. in Lakhs)
Landless
0.145
0.30
0.81
Marginal
0.261
0.50
1.09
Small
0.52
0.90
1.56
500 Families
985 Families
200 Families
322 Families
50 Families
22 Families
16
14.7/17.2
NIL
2 youth
2. Livestock units intervened
Poultry
Negligible
Goat
Piggery
Negligible
3. Infertility
Inter calving period 27.6
(months)
Inseminators
NIL
Morbidity Rate
7.103/1000
animal < 3.0
< 3.0
days
Animals covered
NIL
4000
>10000
Paddy (Rs./ha)
18000-24000
28000-35000
>45000
Wheat (Rs./ha)
24000-36000
35000-45000
>50000
4. Crop profitability
Commercial
Negligible
150 Families
1642 families
Floriculture
NIL
25 Families
382 Families
SIFS Models
NIL
10 Families
64 Families
Nurseries
NIL
5 Families
16 Families
10 nos.
52 nos.
Vegetables
Surface
run
harvesting/
off Micro
irrigation
Cropping pattern
Intervened Cropping Pattern
Wheat-Paddy-Pulses
SIFS/IFS comprising Wheat/paddy/banana/guava/vegetables/ dairy/
Wheat-Paddy-Oilseeds rural poultry/cut flowers/goat/pig
Wheat-Paddy-Dairy
Wheat-Paddy- Mentha
6. Innovations
A.
Opening small rural dairy units as source of livelihood security:
Dairy units are well accepted source of livelihood security. However, there are 3 major
problems in adopting it and getting optimum profitability. These are higher initial cost for
purchase of milch animals, wide spread infertility and mastitis. These 3 problems till now have
educated any satisfactory level of solutions. Extensive research work on disease diagnosis,
prevention, increasing availability of feed and fodder etc. has been done and continuing.
Though world over work is going on to solve the above 3 major problems but still near perfect
solutions are not available which can suite the socio-economic penury of the resource poor rural
masses, particularly landless and marginal farmers. In the present project attempt has been made
through new innovative concept/approach to develop solutions.
To open small dairy unit of 4-5 milch animals, the huge initial capital cost for purchasing
milch animals was avoided. The capital for the purchase of first animal was generated through
low input short duration innovative ventures as new rural poultry production technology, off
season vegetables, high value cut flowers etc. these ventures required very nominal initial
expenditure and provided sizeable return within 4 months which was used for the purchase of
first milch animal (in the last month of pregnancy or newly calved). Later the sale proceed of
milk along with the resources generated from the above sources was used to introduce second
animal at interval of 3-4 months. This process continued and within 1.5-2.0 years, a small unit
of high milk yielder stock was established. This concept/approach was named as SIS
(Systematic introduction scheme). This was integrated with other relevant technologies for
sustenance.
B.
Infertility control-technology:
Infertility or delayed anestrous is a major concern world over in milch animals as it
affects the profitability and the very purpose for which it is opened. The major reason is nonavailability of balanced ratio which affects the hormonal secretion in the body. The existing
approaches are:
i)
Inducing estrous through estrogenic substances which alleviate estrogen level in the
body and induce estrous. However, due to improper ovum development and micro-environment
in uterus, the conception is not assured. The induction rate in random population is also low.
ii)
The second approach is through hormones. For the purpose FSH, GNRH, LH are
commonly used. It is a well known fact that wherever hormones from outside is given. It affects
the normal secretion of these hormones in the body. Through temporary gain is achieved, but in
long term it affects the body systems. Moreover, it is costly and requires skill hand.
iii)
The existing and commonly used technology6 is feeding area specific mineral
mixture (ASMM) or special supplements of minerals with or without estrogenic substances.
Though, it requires prolonged feeding of 20-25 days, it corrects the system, particularly in
marginal anestrous cases, and supports the follicular and corpus lutum development. However,
it is unable to induce estrous and farmers have to wait for restoration of normal estrous cycle.
In this scenario, a new concept/approach was developed. In special combination, certain
minerals and vitamins were formulated (based on our own long term research and observations)
and targeted rapid development of follicles to avoid early embryonic mortality. This was able to
induce natural estrous within 20-25 days of feeding. The formulation is fed for 10 days only
thus, long wait is avoided. The induction of estrous occurs within 8-30 days of starting the
feeding the formulation is patented and commercialized to multiple firms. The estrous induction
rate in oviparous cows is above 85% and in buffalo (a seasonal breeder) above 73%. The
formulation is highly cost effective, safe easy to administer (orally fed) and very effective in
regularizing the natural estrous cycle and have long term beneficial effect. Same of the persons
engaged in conservation of breeds/ germplasms used and found it very effective, thus opened a
new vista.
C.
Mastitis prevention and treatment technology
Mastitis is basically inflammation of mammary parenchyma, if is a major problem in
milch animals. If the disease appears, at least partial permanent damage occurs to the respective
quarter of the udder and milk let down is permanently affected. In field conditions 2-10% cases
results in permanent fibrosis. Since the etiology is diverse and include bacteria, viruses, fungus,
metabolites, non-specific causes etc and route of entry of these pathogens is about in 70% cases
through teat canal and 20-25% through circulation, prevention attempts have not been very
successful. The only prevention measure is optimum level of sanitation and hygiene in the shed
and certain manage mental practices. Practically in field conditions it is not possible to achieve
the level. Thus, in spite of extensive research the prevention in practical terms has not been
possible. For treating the animals, the present concept is to sterilize the udder. Since, for
synthesis of 4 lit of milk, about 400 lit of blood has to circulate through udder, therefore now
scientists have realized that like antibiogram failure, the present concept is not fully effective.
We worked on a new concept viz. reduce the inflammation & microbial load, anti-oxidants to
neutralize the metabolic and un-interrupted synthesis of milk. Based on it a novel, highly
economical and effective formulation was developed, patented and commercialized to multiple
firms. The formulation is orally fed for 5 days. This is probably only formulation which
effectively prevents the occurrence of mastitis in first fortnight of calving (the most prone.
Period-about 60% clinical cases occur). It is equally effective in treatment of clinical and subclinical cases.
D.
Solic land re-claimation throughj rhizosphere engineering and development of plant
growth bio-enhancer (CSR-BIO)
Vast area of degraded land, which include sodic , sodic saline, acid saline, saline land etc,
are lying under-utilized, not only the project area alone but throughout the country. The robust
reclamation technology is based on gypsum which is a non-renewable source, have poor
solubility (0.2%) and after reclamation does not provide biological activities in the soil by its
own. This is the reason the re-claimed land is as good as barren even up to next 4-5 years.
Furthermore, the microbes being used as bio-fertilizers or bio-pesticides, are used as single
agent and thus have limited role. Moreover, these microbes are from normal pH and these being
pH sensitive are effective only soils hanging limited range of pH. Another problem, we also
observed that the media used for mass multiplication is synthetic and once the substrate is
exhausted, the metabolites are not supportive to microbes growth and , thus the viable count
decreases rapidly. The carrier media of final formulation is nearly inert and have no role in
supporting the growth of the microbes.
In this background, we took a novel innovative approach. We isolated microbes from
adverse environment viz. pH 9.8-10.4, screened them for their vigor India and selected most
promising isolates of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. We developed a very low cost media
based on naturally & widely available by-products and simultaneously multiplied both bacteria
(Bacillus) and fungus (Trichodurma). This we developed and used in consortium mode. Since,
these isolates are from higher pH, they are able to support plant growth up to pH 9.0 easily. We
patented the media and final product and commercialized to multiple firms (CSR-BIO). Using
in consortium mode, it has certain added advantages as Bacillus spp. increases the nutrient
uptake while Trichoderma spp. is well known for its role in controlling soil borne pathogens. It
is equally effective in normal as well as degraded soils (up to pH 9.0 and EC 4.0).
Now we cultured mycorrhiza (VAM) and made a consortium with Bacillus spp. on a new
media. Thus, problem of VAM growth on artificial media was solved to certain extent and we
are able to get about 77 spores/g of final product. This consortium of Bacillus & VAM is
supporting plant growth up to 9.5 pH.
E.
Integration of rural poultry with Azolla microphylla
The feed cost in poultry production is 65-70% of total input cost. Any reduction in
feed cost without compromising certain level of production increases the profitability. A new
technology of rural poultry was developed based on semi-range system and using slightly hardy
birds. Since, these are reared in the batches of 250-300 chicks in very low cost shelters, open
grazing cannot support the nutrients requirements. Therefore, in an innovation approach they
were integrated with in situ azolla cultivation and feeding. The azolla is rich in crude protein
(around 24%, amino acid profile is nearer to soybean meal), vitamins and minerals. With partial
supplementations of grains (energy source) and open grazing, their nutrient requirements were
nearly achieved and full potential was exploited with nominal expenditure. Large scale
comparative evaluation studies clearly established it as the best tool for resource generation and
poverty alleviation among rural masses.
6. Integration of rural poultry with cash crop plantations (banana, guava, certain
vegetables, floriculture)
Any fruit crop or vegetables require periodical use of pesticides for preventing/treating
the diseases which causes health hazards and contaminates.
In this context an innovative exploratory study in farmers field was conducted to assess the rural
poultry as a source of bio-control agents in these plantations. The results have been highly
satisfactory. Poultry controlled the diseases and pest significantly besides providing valuable
fecal bio-mass. Plantation provided space and insects to poultry besides azolla and thus
integration helped both and increased the per unit productivity and profitability.
7. Process/ Product/Technology Developed
(List partner-wise major Process/ Product/Technology developed and their outcome in
quantifiable terms)
S. No
(Process/Product/Technolog
Adoption/ Validation/
Responsible
y Developed
Commercialization, etc.
Consortium
1
2
3.
4
5
1. 6
2. 7
Infertility/ anestrous control
and estrous synchronization
technology in bovines
Mastitis prevention and
therapeutics in bovines
Adopted, validated and
commercialized to industries
IVRI,
CSSRI-RRS
Adopted, validated and
commercialized to industries
IVRI,
CSSRI-RRS
New rural poultry production
technology for resource
generation and poverty
alleviation
CSR BIO a bio growth
enhancer for increasing
productivity of sodic and
normal soils
Consortia of microbes using
VAM in a single
multiplication medium for
salt affected and normal soils
Cost effective and profitable
vegetable production in
riverbed area
Adopted by over 1000 families and
fully validated
IVRI, CARI,
CSSRI-RRS
Adopted, validated and
commercialized to industries
IVRI and
CSSRI,
RRS,
Lucknow
CSSRI-RRS,
IVRI
Adopted and validated. Under process
of transfer to industries
77 farmers families in Raebareli and
Brabanki districts
Use of waste/unutilised land 708 farmers families in Raebareli and
and backyards in to profitable Brabanki districts
orchard and nutrition garden
CISH,
CSSRI-RRS,
IVRI
CISH,
CSSRI-RRS,
IVRI
8. Patents (Filed/Granted)
S. No
1.
Title of Patent
Mineral Based Technology
for Estrous Induction and
synchronization.
Inventor(s)
(Name &
Address)
Drs R.B. Rai, T.
Damodaran,
Harendra Kumar,
Filed/Published/Gra
nted (No./Date)
App. No.
791/DEL/2011,
Dated: 22.3.2011.
Responsible
Consortium
IVRI and
CSSRI-RRS
2.
Low cost multiplication
technology of salt tolerant
bio-growth
enhancers
(Bacillus, Pseudomonads &
Trichoderma)
for
increasing productivity of
agri-horti crops in normal
and sodic soils.
3.
Low cost technology for
prevention and treatment
of sub-clinical and clinical
mastitis in bovines.
4.
A novel cost effective
formulation for induction
of natural estrous and
synchronization in bovines
5.
An innovative media for
multiplication of consortia
of microbes for biohardening,
soil
conditioning and growth
promotion of agri-hort
crops in salt affected and
normal soils.
G.K. Das, M.C.
Sharma
Drs R.B. Rai, T.
Damodaran, R.S.
Rathor, R.
Kannan, A.P.
Srivastava, D.K.
Sharma, Vinay
Kumar Mishra,
S.K. Jha, Vijaya
Laxmi Sah
Drs R.B. Rai, T.
Damodaran,
Jaisunder, V.K.
Gupta, Balvir
Singh, Sweta
Rai, Hamid Ali,
R.A. Ram, A.K.
Singh
Drs R.B. Rai. T
Damodaran,
Balvir Singh, K
Dhama and A.P.
Srivastava
Drs R.B. Rai. T
Damodaran, B. K.
App No.
3857/DEL/2012
dated 14.12.2012
CSSRI-RRS
and IVRI
App
No IVRI and
CSSRI-RRS
1154/DEL/2013
dated 18.4.2013
Submitted
IVRI and
CSSRI-RRS
Submitted
CSSRI-RRS
and IVRI
Pandey, D.K.
Sharma, Vinay
Kumar Mishra,
A.P. Srivastava
Germplasms registered with National Bureau of Agricultural Important Micro-organism,
Mau, Uttar Pradesh
S.No
Scientific name
Accession
No.
NBAIM-Mau
Accessions number
1
Bacillus thuringiensis
CSR B 3
TB- 1660
2
Bacillus cereus
CSR-B-1
TB- 1664
3
Bacillus pumilus
CSR-B-2
TB- 1663
4
5
Bacillus sp
Oceanobacillus
CSR-B-4
CSR-O-1
TB- 1659
TB- 1665
6
Bacillus pumilus
CSR-M-12
TB- 1653
7
Bacillus megatarium
CSR-M-8
TB- 1654
8
Bacillus coagulans
CSR-M-6
TB- 1655
9
Bacillus subtilis
CSR-M-16
TB- 1662
10
Bacillus marisflavi
CSR-G-4
TB- 1661
11
12
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis
CSR-G-5
CSR-G-1
TB- 1657
TB- 1658
13
Trichoderma harizanum
CSR-T-1
TF- 1273
Salt tolerant microbes partial sequences registered with National Centre for Biological
Information, (NCBI) Maryland, USA
S.No
Scientific name
Strain Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus sp
Oceanobacillus
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus megatarium
Bacillus coagulans
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus marisflavi
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis
Trichoderma harizanum
CSR B 3
CSR-B-1
CSR-B-2
CSR-B-4
CSR-o-1
CSR-M-12
CSR-M-8
CSR-M-6
CSR-M-16
CSR-G-4
CSR-G-5
CSR-G-1
CSR-T-1
NCBI, ID.NO.
KF383226
JQ768235
JQ768236
KC433665
KC433666
KC433667
KF382761
JQ768242
KC768636
KC433668
KC433669
JQ740645
JQ764321
9. Linkages and Collaborations
S. No.
Linkages developed
(Name & Address of
organization)
Date/Period From-To
Responsible consortium
1
June 2010 till date
IVRI, Bareily
2
Department of Animal
Husbandry
NABARD
May 2013 till date
3
UPUBSN
September 2013-14
4
PDSR
October 2013 till date
5
NBIAM
October 2013 till date
6
NGO
November 2013 till
date
CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and
IVRI, Bareily
CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and
IVRI, Bareily
CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and
IVRI, Bareily
CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and
IVRI, Bareily
CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and
IVRI, Bareily
10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework
 More emphasis on reduction of pesticides in vegetables and other technologies like
use of canoe weeder in seed drill sown paddy which reduces the use of weedicides.
 More tree plantation of commercial fruit crops in waste lands and lands affected with
salinity.
 Recycling of organic wastes and cow dung for effective crop production.
11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken
12. Publications (As per cited in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences)
A.
Research papers in peer reviewed journals
S. No
Authors, Title of the paper,
Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.
NA
AS
Rati
ngs
6.0
1
Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011.
Detection of Group-A bovine rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves by reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and electropherotyping, Vet. Practitioner
12(1): 133-137
2
Suresh T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. 6.0
Prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli, the main agents
responsible for calf diarrhoea , Vet. Practitioner, 13(2): 160-165
Suresh Tamilmani, Rai Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep Dhama, Pradeep Mahadev 6.0
Sawant, Deepak Kumar and Prakash Bhatt (2012) Determination of G and P
type diversity of group A rotaviruses and detection of a new genotype from
diarrhoeic calves in Northern and Southern states of India. Vet. Practitioner,
13(1): 1-8.
3
4
A. Hansa, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama and M. Yaqoob Wani (2012). ELISA and RT- 7.3
PCR based detection of Bovine Coronavirus in Northern India. Asian Journal of
Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(11): 1120-1129.
5
Hansa, A., Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Wani, M.Y., Saminatahn, M. and Ranganath, 7.1
GJ (2013). Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Vero cell line and its
confirmation by direct FAT and RT-PCR. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 16(21): 1342-1347.
6
Dhama K, Mani S, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Kumar A, Selvaraj P and Rai RB 6.9
(2013) Herbal remedies to combat cancers in humans & animals –A Review.
International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1908-1919.
Suresh T, Rai RB, Wani MY, Damodaran T and Dhama K (2013) Detection of 6.9
bovine rotavirus in neonatal calf diarrhea by ELISA, Fat and transmission
electron microscopy. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 19351939.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Karikalan M, Singh Rajendra and
Rai RB (2013) Global warming and emerging infectious diseases of animals
and humans, Current scenario, challenges, solutions and future perspectiveA review. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1942-1958.
Rai RB, Damodaran T, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and
Mani S (2013) Evaluation studies on a tri-sodium citrate based novel
formulation for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. International
Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1959-1962.
Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Jha SK, Verma CL, Rai RB, Kannan R,
Nayak AK and Dhama K (2013) Management of sub-soil sodicity for
sustainable Banana production in sodic soil-An approach. International
Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1930-1934.
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S
and Wani MY (2013) Mass evaluation of a mineral based formulation for
estrous induction in bovines showing post-parturient anoestrous.
International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2263-2265.
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S
and Wani MY (2013) Development and evaluation of an improved
integrated farming system (IFS) for higher profitability and livelihood
security in Northern plains of India. International Journal of Current
Research, 5 (8): 2266-2269.
Singh B, Rai RB, Dhama K, Ali H, Damodaran T, Chaktaborty S and Singh AK
(2013) Training need areas of poultry farmers and their preference
regarding methods, venue, time and period of training. International
Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2279-2282.
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and
Kumar H (2013) Field evaluation of a concept for opening of small dairy units
with negligible cost as a source of livelihood security. International Journal of
Current Research, 5 (8): 2293-2296.
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and
Shyma K L (2013) Evaluation of new model of rural poultry production for self
employment, livelihood security and poverty alleviation (Model-1).
International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2323-2326.
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H and Kumar H
(2013) Impact of estrous induction on inter-calving period and economic returns
to farmers aiming poverty alleviation in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India.
International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2289-2292.
Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Damodaran, T., Ali, H., Rai, S., Singh, B. and Bhatt, P.
2012. Evaluation of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a poultry feed and its role in
poverty alleviation among landless people in northern plains of India. Vet.
Practitioner, 13: 25-254
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.0
18
Jha SK, Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Rai RB, Dhama K and Kannan 6.9
R (2013) Solubility enhancement: a potent tool for gypsum dose reduction in
sodic soil reclamation. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 26912695.
19
Damodaran T, Rai R, Jha SK, Sharma DK, Misra VK, Dhama K, Singh AK and 6.9
Sah V (2013) Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO - A cost effective,
eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer for sustainable crop production. South Asian
Journal of Experimental Biology 3(4): 158-165.
20
Damodaran T, Rai RB, Jha SK, Dhama K, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Singh AK 6.9
and Dixit H (2013) Impact of CSR BIO - an eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer
on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops to small and marginal land
holders. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2682-2685
21
Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Wani 6.9
MY and Ram RA (2013). An exploratory study on using rural poultry as a
source of bio-control agent for plantation and some vegetables. International
Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2625-2627
22
R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, B. Singh, M. Saminathan, Sandip Chakraborty, R. Tiwari,
R.A. Ram and T. Damodaran (2013) impact of novel low cost technological
intervenions on expenditure pattern of landless and sub‐marginal farmers. South
Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 261-267.
R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, R.A. Ram, Balvir Singh, R. Tiwari, M.
Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Comparative evaluation of crop
productivity and profitability under traditional farming and integrated farming
system in Northern plains of India. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology
3(5): 220-225.
T. Damodaran, V. Sah, R. B. Rai, D. K. Sharma, V.K.Mishra, S. K. Jha and R.
Kannan (2013) Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria
by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment .
African Journal of Microbiology Research. 7 (44): 5082-5089.
Rajamani Barathidasan, Rajveer Singh Pawaiya, Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep
Dhama (2013) Upregulated Myc Expression in N-Methyl Nitrosourea (MNU)induced Rat Mammary Tumours. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14 (8), 4883-4889.
R. Barathidasan, R.V.S. Pawaiya, R.B. Rai,* and K. Dhama (2013)
Determination of cell proliferative activity by immnunohistochemical detection
of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in N‐methyl nitrosoureainduced rat
mammary tumours. South Asian J Exp Biol; 3 (4): 188-194;
23
24
25
26
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.5
6.9
27
Balvir Singh, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, A. K. Singh, R. Tiwari, Med 6.9
Ram Verma, M. Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Impact of social factors
in adoption of fertisure‐1: A cost effective, mineral based infertility control
technology for sustainable dairy production. South Asian Journal of
Experimental Biology 3(5): 232-241
28
Rai, R.B., Ashwni Hansha, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar, A K 4.6
Singh T.Damodaran and K. Dhama , 2011. Prevalence of rota and corona virus
infections in calves of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. Indian J. Vet.
Path. 35:73-74.
29
Rai, R.B., Shafiqur Rahman, Himanshu Dixit, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra 4.6
Kumar and T.Damodaran, 2011. Analysis of feed ingredients for Afla and T-2
mycotoxins by ELISA in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Vet. Pathol,
35(2):238-240.
30
31
32
Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, Sweta Rai, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma,
2011. Pathology of rotavirus infection in calves and detection of viral antigen by
ELISA and FAT. Indian J. Vet. Path. 35:1-3
4.6
Hansa, A., Rai R.B., Wani, M. Y. and Dhama, K. (2012). Patholology and 4.6
diagnosis of corona virus infection in bovine. Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 36(2): 129135.
R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, B. K. Pandey, S. Umamaheswari, R. B. Rai, S. K. Jha,V. K. 7.0
Mishra and D. K. Sharma (2014) Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated to the sodicity tolerant polyembryonic
mango (Mangifera indica L.)root stock and growth vigour in rice under saline sodic
environment. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 8 (xx):xx-xx
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Damodaran, T., Sah, V., Rai, R. B., Sharma, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Jha S. K.,
Kannan, R.(2013). Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria
by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (4):5082-5089.
Kannan, R., Damodaran, T., Rai, R. B., Pandey, B. K., Sharma, D. K.,
Mishra, V. K., Jha, S. K. and Sah V. (2013). Isolation and biochemical
characterization of Endophytic bacteria from salt tolerant polyembryonic root
stock. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(4):DOI-5752-5759
Damadaran, T., Rai, R.B., Jha,S.K., Kannan,R., Pandey,B.K., Sah,V.,
Mishra,V.K., Sharma,D.K. (2013) Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria for
induction of salt tolerance in gladioulus grown in sodic soils. Journal of Plant
Interaction, DOI:10.1080/17429145.2013.873958
T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, D.K.Sharma, V.K.Misra, B.K.Pandey, Prabat Kumar,
S.K. Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2011. Utilization of native bioagents as
bioregulators to improve growth, flower quality and vase life of gladiolus. Ind.
J. Hort. 366/2/12
Damodaran, T., Rajan, Shailendra ., Kumar, Ram ., Sharma, D.K., Misra, V.K.,
Jha,S.K. , Rai., R.B. (2013). Post-tsunami collection of polyembryonic mango
diversity from andaman islands and their ex situ reaction to high sodium in sodic
soil. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 15(1): 21-25.
7.0
7.0
7.2
6.0
4.5
R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, R.P. Methi, G. Kapil dev, R.B. Rai and S. Umamaheshwari 2.5
(2012). Genetic Diversity of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) Clones of Andaman and
Nicobar Islands Characterized by Biochemical Markers. Indian Society of Coastal
Agricultural Research 30(2): 65-69.
B. Rai, M K Singh, A.K. Dixit and R B Rai (2013) Livelihood security through
improved goat rearing practices under field conditions. Indian Journal of
small Ruminants 19 (2): 198-201
Kumar, H., Neeru Bhooshan, Barman, P. and Patra, M. K. (2010) Economics of
hormonal treatments on estrus induction and fertility in anestrus buffaloes
under rural conditions. Indian J. of Vet. Research 19 (1):8-12
H. Kumar, N.Bhoosan, R.S.Das and S. Nandi (2012).Supplementation of area 6.6
specific mineral mixture improves the reproductive performance in buffaloes-a
field study. Indian J.Anim.Science 82(10):130-32.
42
H. Kumar, N.Bhooshan,R.S.Dass and ,A.K.Garg (2013).Effect of treatment of 6.6
immunomodulators on recovery and conception rate in endometritic buffaloes.
Indian J.Anim.Science 83(2) :21-24.
43
Rafiqul Islam, Kumar, H., Sukdeb Nandi, R. B. Rai (2013). Determination of 7.7
anti- inflammatory cytokine in periparturient cows for prediction of postpartum
reproductive diseases. Theriogenology 79 (2013) 974-79.
44
Kumar,H., Singh B.,Goswami,T.K., and Rawat,M. (2013). Use of Neem
Preparations for the Treatment of Endometritis in cows. Advances in Animal
and Veterinary Sciences 1(6):194-196.
45
Rafiqul Islam, Kumar,H., Nandi,S., Mehrotra,S. (2013). Circulatory level of
interleukin – 1 in periparturient cows with or without postpartum reproductive
diseases. Asia Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013, 2(4) 316-320.
B.
Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc.
S. No
Authors, Title of the papers
Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher, Year, Page No.
Invited/
contributed
papers
R.B.Rai, T.Damodaran, and Shweta Rai. 2011. Livestock based spcialized
integrated farming system for livelihood security and self employment in
island ecosystem- Issues related to livelihood, sustainable development and
climate change. In: International conference tropical islands ecosystems held
on date 23-26 march 2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 80-85-Lead Paper
2
T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.Kannan R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra, D.K. Sharma
and N.K. Verma, 2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction
of abiotic tolerance in Mango clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Global
Conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and
Abiotic Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow
3
R.B.Rai, T. Damodaran, R.A. Ram, Harendra Kumar, Balvir Singh and Sweta
Rai, 2011. Integration of mango orchards with livestock for reducing biotic
and abiotic stresses and optimizing profitability. Global Conference on
“Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic
Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow
4
R B Rai, Sweta Rai, Amit Kumar and Pankaj Kumar (2011) Livestock based
farming system for livelihood security and rural poverty elevation". 5th
National Seminor on “Multi-Sectoral Innovations for Rural Prosperity”
organized by Mobilization Society in association with NDRI, (19-21,
May,2011) at Karnal
R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Sweta Rai and R.A. Ram, 2011. Sustainable
5
livelihood security for small farm holder in Northen plains of India. X
Agricultural Science Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for
Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011)
organized by NAAS in collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR,
Lucknow
6
7
T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K. Pandey, V.K. Misra, D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram,
R. Kannan and Himanshu Dixit, 2011 Technology of banana cultivation with
subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry-A boon to
marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. X Agricultural Science
Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained
Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011) organized by NAAS in
collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR, Lucknow
T.Damodaran, A.K.Nayak, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharma, C.L.Verma, B.K. Pandey,
S.K.Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2010. Strategies for management of
subsoil sodicity for commercial cultivation of banana in the salt affected soils
of Uttar Pradesh. In: Global conference on banana held on dated 10-13
December, 2010 at NRC banana, Tiruchi; pp.73
8
T. Damodaran, R.B. Rai, D.K. Sharma, V.K. Misra, Balvir Singh, Himanshu
Dixit, R.Kannan and S.K. Jha. 2010. Development of eco-friendly
technologies by utilization of native isolates of endophytes with commercial
bioregulators to increase the yield and vase life of gladioulus. In: Fourth
International conference held on dated 8-11 December,2010 at NBRI,
Lucknow; pp.173-174
9
T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K.Pandey, V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, R.A.Ram,
R.Kannan, and Himanshu Dixit. 2011. Technology of banana cultivation with
subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry- A boon to
marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. In: Xth Agricultural
science Congress held on dated 10-12 February,2011 at NBFGR, Lucknow;
pp. 92-93
10
T.Damodaran, R.Kannan, Israr Ahmad, M.Sankaran and V.Damodaran. 2011.
Strategies for exploitation of the biodiversity in mango (Mangifera indica l.)
and coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) as a livelihood option in the Bay islandsIssues related to livelihood, sustainable development and climate change. In:
International conference tropical islands ecosystems held on date 23-26 march
2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 149-150.
11
T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.B. Rai, R.Kannan, V.K.Misra and D.K.Sharma.
2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction of abiotic tolerance in
Mango clones of Andaman clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In: Global
conference on Augumentying Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and
Abiotic Stresses, held from 21-24th June 2011 at CISH, Lucknow, India pp.
65-66
T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharmaand R.Kannan. 2011.
Specialized Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Livelihood Generation.
In: National Seminar on Biotechnological Interventions in Green Technology
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
for Sustainable Agriculture held on 21-24th September 2011 at M.S.University,
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
Kumar Harendra (2011) Cytokines in uterine defense mechanism with special
reference to their applications as a diagnostic marker for sub-clinical endometritis. 27th Annual Conference of ISAR, Sep. 27-29, Aizol, Mizoram-Lead
paper.
Hamid Ali, R.B. Rai, Balvir Singh ,T. Damodaran and Sweta Rai (2012) New
Rural poultry production technology for resource generation and poverty
alleviation. National Conference on Demonstrated Options for Improved
Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of India”Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21,2012)
R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran and A.P. Srivastava (2012) Specialized Integrated
farming System (SIFS) to ensure better livelihood security of landless and
small farmers aiming poverty alleviation. National Conference on
Demonstrated Options for Improved Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of
India”Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21, 2012)
(lead paper).
Ali H., Singh D P and Rai R B (2011) Integration of traditional backyard
poultry with horticulture for symbiotic effects. International Symposium on
rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry
production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college,
Patna
Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and B. Singh (2011) livelihood security through
family poultry production system for small scale or landless farmers.
International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional
Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by
Bihar Veterinary college, Patna
Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and A.Y. Revagade (2011) Role of family poultry
farming in supplementing income and nutritional security in Raebareli and
Barabanki. International Symposium on rural employment generation and
Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011,
organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna
H. Ravishankar and R.A. Ram (2011). Dynamics of potential organic
persuasions for sustainable mango (Mangifera indica L.) culture. Global
Conference on Augmenting Production and Utilization of mango: Biotic and
Abiotic Stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp 93-101.
R.A.Ram, Atul Singha and S.R. Bhriguvanshi (2011). Response of different
organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv.
Amrapali. Global conference on augmenting production and utilization of
mango: Biotic and abiotic stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp-100-101.
R.A.Ram and Atul Singha (2012). Organic farming for sustaining yield,
quality and soil fertility in guava production . Global Conference on
“Horticulture for Food, Nutrition and a livelihood option, 28-31 May, OUAT,
Bhubneswar, pp- 199-200.
22
R. A. Ram, Atul Singha and Kailash Kumar (2012). Evaluation of different
organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv.
Amrapali. 5th Indian Horticulture Congress, November 6-9, 2012. PAU,
Ludhiana, 96p.
23
B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2012). Livelihood security through
integrated goat farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of Uttar
Pradesh. In: National Seminar on Livelihood options for small and marginal
farmers in fragile eco-systems, held at ICAR NEH Complex, Shillong on 0910th August, 2012. pp 65.
24
B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar H. Dixit and R.B.Rai (2012). Goat based
IFS modules for food security and economic gains: A field experience. In:
National Seminar of ISSGPU on “Future Challenges and opportunities to
improve health and production of Small Ruminants” held at CIRG,Makhdoom,
Mathura on 22-23rd December, 2012. pp 175-76.
25
B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2013). Impact of Sirohi goats in Barabanki
and Raebareli districts of U.P. In: XthNational Symposium on Integrated
development of vast biodiversity of indigenous livestock for long term rural
livelihood security held at GBPUA&T,Pantnagar on 7-8 Feb,2013. pp.284
26
B. Rai, Ashok Kumar and M.K. Singh,(2011). Intervention of Goats and Goat
based technologies for improving livelihood security in Barabanki and
Raebarelly Districts of U.P. In: National Symposium of ISAPM on “Emerging
management concepts for Sustainable livestock and Poultry Production” at
GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab on 02-04th November, 2011. pp 259.
27
B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar and R.B. Rai (2012) Milch breed of goat as
an intervention to increase food and livelihood security in Barabanki district of
Uttar Pradesh. IX National symposium of SOCDAB Society held at BAIF ,
Pune Campus on 24-25 February,2012 pp 223-224.
28
B.Rai, Ravindra Kumar, N.Ramachandra ,H.Dixit and R.B.Rai (2014) Village
based feeding system in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. National Seminar of
ISAPM on New dimensional approaches for livestock and profitability
enhancement under era of climate change held at COVS, Anand on 28-30
January,2014.
Books
T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra,D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai and
Harendra Kumar, 2011. Integrated Farming System & Livelihood Security –
An Approach. Published by CSSRI, Karnal, pp 1-108.
Harendra Kumar, S. Nandi and R.B. Rai, 2011. Common Reproductive
Problems in Bovines and Canines. Published by New India Publishing
Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi.pp1-116.
Bulletins
R.B.Rai, T.Damoderan, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar
D.P.Singh, B.Rai and Tushar Singh, 2011. Agricultural Technologies for
livelihood-Brief Introduction (In Hindi). Published by Agri-Plus International.
Pp1-25.
R.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh,
Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Low input agricultural technologies for better
profitability and poverty alleviation
R.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh,
Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS)
for enhanced profitability to small land holders.
R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali &
S D Singh, 2011. Recent tools and techniques safeguarding poultry health and
productivity
R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali &
S D Singh, 2011. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis in poultry
V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, Shefali Srivastava, A.K.Nayak, T.Damodaran,
C.S.Singh, S.K.Jha C.l.Verma, A.K.Nayak and Md.Shahabudin(2011), Usar
bhumi mein ghehue ki upaj per taapman aiwan versha ka prabhav tatha
prabardhan, Central soil salinity Research Institute, RRS, Lucknow, UP. P-12
Technical
articles
1 R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011),
fcuk iwath
Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke Livestock Technology
(publised in June issue)
2. R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011),
Dairy as self
employment venture : Problems and perspectives (2011),
Livestock
Technology
3. K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011) Foot-andmouth disease: an economically important disease of animals (2011),
Livestock Technology (August 2011 Issue)
4 K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011),
i'kqvksa dh [kqjidk&eq[kidk chekjh & fdlkuksa ds fy,
vfHk’kki. Livestock Technology
5. R.A.Ram (2011). Barabanki avam Raebareli janpadoan mein pashupalan
adharit samaniwit krishi pranali dwara kishanoa ki ajevika hetu sarvangeer
prayas, Smarika, Khalihan mein vigyan sangosthi, organized by Adarsh
Sivanjali Shiksha Niketan, Basti, U.P., 15-16th June, pp 51-56.
6. R.A.Ram (2012). Jaivik Khad, Padhatian avam unka amrood ke Jaivik
utpadan mein prayog. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):35-39.
7. R.A.Ram, R.B. Rai and T. Damodaran (2013). Barabanki avam Raebareli
janpadoan mein pshupalan adharait samketik pranali dwara kisanoan ki
ajeevika suraksha hetu sarvangeen prayas. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):16-27.
8. R.A.Ram (2013). Manav avam paryavaran surakhsha hetu phal avam
sabjion ka Jaivik utpadan. Udyan Rasmi, 14 (1): 87-93.
Folders
1 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh,
Hamid Ali (2011) [kqjidk&eqgidk chekjh ¼,Q,eMh½ &
i'kqvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ jksx
2
R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh,
Hamid Ali (2011) Ik’kq LokLF; ,oa mRikn ij dod
¼QQwanh½ tfur fo”kksa ¼ekbdksVkWfDlu½ dk
izHkko ,oa tuLokLF; dh n`f”V ls budk egRo
3 vkj-ch-jk;] gkfen vyh] 'osrk jk;] Vh- nkeksnju] dqynhi
/kkek] vfer deqkj] fot;ky{eh 'kkg xjhch mUewyu ds fy,
xzkeh.k eqxhZ ikyu ,d vPNk fodYi
4 Mk- vkj ch jk;] Mk-'osrkjk;] Mk- dqynhi /kkek] Mk- Vh nkeksnju] fcuk
iwath Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke
Monographs
5. Aam Utpadan evam Pravandhan, (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP
Publication, CISH Lucknow
6. Bael Utpadan ki Vagyanik Tachnique, (R.K. Pathak & Devendra Pande),
NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow
7. Javik Krishi (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH
Lucknow
8. Aonla Utpadan (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH
Lucknow
1.R.B. Rai, K Dhama, T Damodaran, Sweta Rai, Vinay Verma, Balvir Singh &
Hamid Ali (2011) Integrated Farming System and Livelihood Security
2. R.B. Rai, K Dhama, Harendra Kumar, T. Damodaran, M. Yaqoob Wani,
Mannuals
E-publication
Balvir Singh & Hamid Ali (2011) Factors influencing breeding efficiency and
management of dairy animals for maximum reproductive performance
1. Livelihood security for resource poor farmer through progressive farming of
vegetable and flowers
2. Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through integrated
interventions of vegetable at Tera village of Raebareli district
3. Economic security for riverbed farmers through integrated interventions in
vegetables
4. Commercial Banana production-A boon to small and marginal farmers for
sustainable livelihood
5. Livelihood Security through livestock based farming system for small land
holders in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh
6. Livelihood Security through integration of low input technologies for small
land holders of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh
7. Sansadhan heen krishako ke arthik aujivika surakshh hetu sasadhano ka
uchit upyog thatha phool evam sabjio ki unnatsheel kheti
8. Mannual of Javik Krishi
1. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Mycotoxicosis in Livestock and
Poultry: An Overview
2. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Avian diseases transmissible to
humans: (Zoonotic Diseases of poultry)
3. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, Sweta Rai (2011)
Diversified Poultry Production: The Perspectives
4. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Probiotics in Poultry Production and Health – Growth
promoters, Immune-enhancers and Combating Infectious Diseases: The
Perspectives
5. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Aflatoxins and aflatoxicosis-impact on
animal health and production
6. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid
Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Strategies for promoting poultry farming in rural areas:
health care and managemental tips for socio-economic development of farmers
7. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh,
Ik’kq jksxksa dh tkap o fu;U=.k
ds {ks= esa fodflr gksrs u;s vk;ke
Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011)
13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
S. No
CD, Bulletins, Brochures,
etc. (Year wise)
No. of copies
1.
Video film (Hindi),
100
2.
Video film (English),
100
3.
Integrated intervention of
innovative technology for
livelihood security. (Hindi)
100
Distribution
Loaded on
You tube
Loaded on
You tube
Loaded on
You tube
14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Date
Title
16.06.09 Seed selection and nursery
management for paddy
24.06.09 Planting technique for paddy
14.07.09 Training on mango, aonla, bel,
15.07.09 guava cultivation
14.09.09 Awareness on animal health
17.09.09 Infertility and repeat breeder
camp
12.10.09 Training on banana cultivation
13.10.09
practices
25.11.09
26.11.09
21.12.09
22.12.09
Zero tillage technique for
wheat
Training on vermi composting,
biocomposting, NADEEP
technique
Training on poultry
Training on pig and goat
farming
Training on apiculture,
vegetables and drip irrigation
Livelihood security for
resource poor farmers through
resource conservation and
cultivation of flowers and
vegetables
Training on advanced
techniques for cattle health
management and artificial
insemination
Training on “Jaivik Krishi”
9
10
20.01.10
20.03.10
11
27.03.10
12
16.07.10
17.07.10
13
26.07.10
31.07.10
14
7.09.10
8.09.10
14.09.10 Training on management of
banana with suitable intercrops
24.09.10 Awareness programme on
integration of poultry with crop
components
8.10.10 Training on organic farming
9.10.10 technologies
10.02.11 Training on “Integrated
11.02.11 Farming system”
22.02.11 Training on “ Jaivik Krishi”
23.02.11
Training of “ Diagnosis,
control and prevention in plant
15
16
17
18
19
20
Days in
numbers
1
Target Group
Total
Male Female
20
5
25
1
2
25
40
10
10
35
50
1
1
40
33
10
8
50
41
2
22
5
27
2
20
5
25
2
30
15
45
1
1
35
30
12
5
37
35
1
50
15
65
2
50
2
35
2
58
1
30
1
25
2
35
2
54
2
46
49
21
22
23
24
25
11.4.11
12.4.11
30.4.11
2.5.11
5.6.11
14.6.11
26
25.6.11
27
1.7.11
28
29
16.7.11
5.8.11
30
17.09.11
31
19.09.11
32
10.10.11
33
04.11.11
05.11.11
15.11.11
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
disease”
Training for summer vegetable
cultivation for livelihood
Training on organic farming
Training on organic farming
Training for sodic land farmer
Training on banana cultivation
and management
Training on horticultural plant
and organic farming
Training on pest and disease
management
Training on horticulture
Training for Women
empowerment
Training on Banana and
Biodynamics
Training on Vegetables and
Banana
Training on Sodic land
cultivation
Awareness on animal health
and Veterinary camp
Meeting of Sodic land farmers
regarding wheat cultivation
Trivediganj
2
55
Tera
Trivediganj
Lalganj
Trivediganj
1
1
1
1
38
45
20
60
Trivediganj
1
70
Haidergarh
1
55
Haidergarh
Trivediganj
1
1
50
40
Tera
1
28
7
35
Haidergarh
1
30
10
40
Lalganj
1
28
10
38
Trivediganj
Lalganj
Lalganj
2
40
10
50
1
33
8
41
52
5
57
18.11.11
Training on uses of Fertisure 1
19.11.11
and Masticure
Trivediganj
11.12.11 Training on Integrated
12.12.11 Farming system
23.12.11 Training on vermi composting,
biocomposting. NADEEP
technique
24.01.12 Training on poultry
Trivediganj
Lalganj
Tera
2
20
5
25
1
30
15
45
Trivediganj
1
35
12
47
30.01.12 Kisan Gosthi
31.01.12
13.02.12 Training on the uses and
application of CSR-BIO
28.02.12 Livelihood security for
29.02.12 resource poor farmers through
resource conservation and
cultivation of flowers and
vegetables
14.03.12 Training on Poultry
07.04.12 Training on Goat Rearing
24.04.12 Training on vegetable
trivediganj
and tera
Trivediganj
2
30
5
35
1
59
14
73
Tera and
Trivediganj
2
42
10
52
Trivediganj
Trivediganj
Tera
1
1
1
23
21
20
07
06
35
28
26
2
Lalganj
12
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
cultivation at river bed farmers
23.05.12 Awareness on animal health
24.05.12 and Veterinary camp
01.06.12 Training on management of
banana with suitable intercrops
26.06.12 Training on Integrated Farming
27.06.12 System
13.07.12 Training on Integrated Farming
System
27.07.12 Training on horticulture
23.08.12 Training on advanced
techniques for cattle health
management and artificial
insemination
16.09.12 Training on farm management
18.09.12 Training on Goat Farming
05.10.12 Training on organic farming
11.10.12 Training on women
12.10.12 empowerment and integrated
farming system
14.10.12 Training on women
empowerment and integrated
farming system
31.10.12 Training on goat farming
23.11.12 Training on women
empowerment and integrated
farming system
12.12.12 Training on the uses and
13.12.12 application of CSR-BIO
26.12.12 Training on apiculture,
vegetables and drip irrigation
07.01.13 Training on women
empowerment and integrated
farming system
02.02.13 Training on advanced
techniques for cattle health
management and artificial
insemination
18.02.13 Training on hatchery and
19.02.13 animal health management
work
21.02.13 Training on sodic land
reclamation
04.03.13 Training on floriculture and
Biofertilizer
05.04.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1
Trivediganj
Tera
Trivediganj
2
32
10
42
1
50
15
65
Trivediganj
2
45
20
65
Haidergarh
1
23
13
36
Trivediganj
1
26
12
38
Haidergarh
1
39
04
43
Shivari Farm
Trivediganj
1
1
35
20
05
09
40
29
Tera
Trivediganj
1
2
36
12
07
34
43
46
Tera
1
16
34
50
Lalganj
Haidergarh
1
1
23
10
05
21
28
31
Haidergarh
Trivediganj
Tera
2
49
12
61
1
30
07
37
Lalganj
1
14
32
46
Lalganj
1
32
03
35
Trivedignaj
2
47
08
55
Gauriganj
1
68
13
81
Trivediganj
1
34
10
44
Trivediganj
1
59
13
72
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
and Masticure
20.04.13 Training on the uses and
application of CSR-BIO
16.05.13 Training on Banana and
horticulture Plant
31.05.13 Training on Organic Farming
01.06.13 and Biofertilizers
27.06.13 Training on increasing crop
production using CSR-BIO
23.07.13 Awareness programme on
integration of poultry with crop
components
06.08.13 Training on “Jaivik Krishi”
04.09.13 Training on management of
banana with suitable intercrops
11.10.13 Training on Egg Production
22.11.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1
23.11.13 and Masticure
07.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1
and Masticure
12.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 2
Fields day/CAC visits/ Kishan
Gosthi
Stocks holder meeting
Interface meeting
Tera
1
45
12
57
Trivedignaj
1
32
14
46
Trivediganj
2
48
10
58
Haidergarh
1
34
04
39
Lalganj
1
23
05
28
Trivediganj
Haidergarh
1
1
35
24
07
05
42
29
Trivedignaj
Haidergarh
Lalganj
Tera
1
2
23
58
10
15
33
73
1
47
12
59
Tera
1
250
43
11
54
5240
15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.
S. No
Details of
Meetings/Seminars/
Trainings/Radio talk,
etc.(Name &Address)
1
Usar me kela ki keti
(A.I.R)
Usar me kela ki keti
(Doordarshan)
2
3
16. Foreign Trainings/Visits: NA
Duration
(From-To)
Budget
(Rs.)
Participant
(Name & Address)
13-9-12
-
Dr.T.Damodaran
22-2-13
-
Dr.T.Damodaran
17. Performance Indicators
Appendix-1
18. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S. No.
1.
2.
3.
Type of employment generation
Employment generation up to
end of sub-project
Cost effective and profitable vegetable
production in riverbed area
Organic farming in fruits and vegetables
100
(family member)
100
family member)
Use of waste/unutilized land and backyards
in to profitable orchard and nutrition
garden
50
family member)
19. Assets Generated
(Details to be given on equipments and works undertaken in the sub-project)
(i)
Equipment
S. No. Name of the equipment
with manufacturers name,
model and Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Year of
purchase
Quantity Total cost Responsible
(Nos.)
(Rs.)
consortium
Laser Printer (color)
2009
Konica Minolta page Pro
4650 EN, resolution in dpi:
Mono 600 x 600
Digital Copier cum printer
2009
with trolley, Toshiba, RAM
16 mb, by pass 50 sheet
Digital Camera, make Soni
2009
1
0.55
IVRI
1
0.99
IVRI
1
0.19
IVRI
Desktop Computers, HCL
infiniti series
Laptop notebook, ultra
portable
low
voltage
configuration make 2510P
Pathological
binocular
microscopes , Model Ajay
Optical
Research
Binocular
Microscope, Model Ajay
2009
2
0.38
IVRI
2009
1
0.84
IVRI
2009
3
0.20
IVRI
2009
1
0.40
IVRI
Optical micro scan 20
1
0.89
IVRI
9.
BOD Incubator, temp. – to 2010
450 C
Conductivity Meter
2010
4
0.18
IVRI
10.
pH Meter
2010
1
0.15
IVRI
11.
Pocket pH Meter
2010
3
0.15
IVRI
12.
1
0.14
IVRI
1
0.12
IVRI
14.
Refrigerator, Make LG 2010
Capacity 240 lit.
Microwave Oven, Make 2010
LG, Capacity 26 lit.
Electronic Balance
2010
1
0.99
IVRI
15.
UPS, 1 KVA
2010
1
0.09
IVRI
16.
Projection Screen (6’x4’)
with stand
Laminar Flow , size
900x600x900 mm complete
with HEPA Filter
Refrigerated
Centrifuge
with double rotors, 16000
RCF:17600g and other
features
Multimedia
Projector,
model IN-105, make infacus
MLXI Microscope with
plan
infinity
optics
(Trinocular version) magnus
MLXI-TR (with halogen
light illuminator) magnus
color imaging (CCTV)
system model
Deep
Freezer,
vertical
model, make chemical &
Scientific instruments,
Multiseeder
2010
1
0.06
IVRI
2011
2
1.23
IVRI
2011
1
1.13
IVRI
2011
1
0.95
IVRI
2011
1
2.14
IVRI
2011
1
1.30
IVRI
2011
2
0.34
IVRI
Refrigerator, Double door, 2013
290 lit, Make LG
Setter cum Hatcher, Auto 2013
controlled
Diesel Generator Set, make 2013
Swaraj, 7.5 H.P.
CO2 Incubator
2013
1
0.23
IVRI
1
2.70
IVRI
1
0.53
IVRI
1
4.45
IVRI
Office Table, size 6’x3’ 2010
with one side drawers
Executive chairs
2010
1
0.16
IVRI
1
0.01
IVRI
8.
13.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Office chairs with cushion
2010
4
0.03
IVRI
30.
Etrex H GPS System
2009
1
0.078
CISH
31.
PC with printer
2010
1
0.7428
CISH
32.
Digital Camera
2011
1
0.2175
CISH
33.
PC with Printer
2010
1
0.40
35.
1
0.38565
36.
HP Pavilion Core2Duo 2009
Computer
HP Laser jet printer
2009
Agri-plus
international
(NGO)
CIRG
1
0.17608
CIRG
37.
HP Scanjet G2410
2009
1
0.03780
CIRG
38.
2009
1
0.09377
CIRG
2011
1
0.29000
CSSRI-RRS
2013
1
6.06040
CSSRI-RRS
2013
1
0.67200
CSSRI-RRS
2014
1
5.51565
CSSRI-RRS
2014
1
1.80128
CSSRI-RRS
2014
1
9.32500
CSSRI-RRS
45.
Sony Cybershot digital
Camera
Refrigerator (Blue Star) M/s
Omega Biotech Lucknow
Fermentor
M/s
IIC
Industrial
Corporation, Kolkata
Autoclave Vertical
Make-Jindal
(S.M. Scientific Instruments
Pvt. Ltd.)
Growth
Chamber
(Viometra, Sonar make)
Incubator Shaker, Model
OS-18 LN
Gradient
PCR
with
electrophoresis and gel
documentation unit, ModelMastercycler
nexus
gradient, Geni make, vilber
Doc print VX2
Office Almirah
2009
2
0.1950
CARI
46.
Book Self
2009
2
0.15700
CARI
47.
File cabinet
2009
1
0.0780
CARI
48.
Digital Camera
2011
1
0.1850
CARI
49.
Pocket scale electronic
balance 10 mg to 250mg
Jeweler scale electronic
balance 10 mg to 250 mg
Kitchen scale electronic
balance 0.5 gm to 600 gm
Counter scale electronic
balance 5 gm to 5 kg
2011
2
0.1540
CARI
2011
1
0.19500
CARI
2011
1
0.12900
CARI
2011
2
0.12900
CARI
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
50.
51.
52.
53.
1
0.37080
CARI
1
0.0780
CARI
55.
Desktop computer P.C. Intel 2011
V Prop with Microsoft
window 07
UPS APC make model No- 2011
BR 1100CI
PC with printer
2010
1
SSP
56.
Digital Camera
2010
1
SSP
57.
LN2 cylinders (cryocans)
11.0 lit.-2 nos.
1.5 lits – 4 nos.
2011
54.
(ii)
0.78873
IVRI
Works
S. No. Particulars of the work, Year
of Quantity Total
name and address of work done
(Nos.)
cost
agency awarded the work
(Rs.)
Responsible
consortium
1.
Laboratory Renovation
2011-12
1
99000
2.
3.
SSP-NGO
2011-12
Renovation of laboratory, 2011-12
M/s Unik Interiors and
general order supplier 13,
Ashok Marg, Lucknow
Agri
Pluse-International, 2011-12
NGO
1
1
105875
143000
Division
of
Pathology, IVRI
SSP-NGO
CISH, Lucknow
1
50000
4.
Agri
PluseInternational,
NGO
(iii)
Revenue Generated
(Details may be given on revenue generated in the sub-project viz., sale of seeds, farm
produce, products, patents, commercialization, training, etc.)
S. No.
Source of revenue
Year
1.
CSR BIO a bio growth enhancer
2012-2014
Total amount
(Rs.)up to
March, 2014
2.27 lakhs
2.
Fartisure/Masticure
2013-2014
0.1 lakhs
3.
Technology commercialization (5)
9.0 lakhs
4.
Sustainability funds
3.84 lakhs
(iv)
Livestock
(Details of livestock procured/produced in the sub-project)
S. No.
Details of
Year of
livestock (Breed, procurement/production
etc.)
Nos.
Total cost
(Rs.)
Responsible
consortium
20. Awards and Recognitions
S. No.
Name,
Designation,
Address of
the person
Award/ Recognition
(with date)
1.
Dr. R.B. Rai
2.
Project Team
L.C. Sikka Endowment
NAAS, India
Award (2011-2012)
Award of appreciation by NAIP/ICAR
NAIP/ ICAR(2012) to the
sub-project
3.
T. Damodaran Best Paper Award (2012)
et al
4.
Dr.
Damodaran
5.
R.B. Rai et al
6.
Dr. R.B. Rai
7.
Dr. R.B. Rai
8.
Dr. T.
Damodaran
9.
Dr. R.A. Ram
T. Fellow Society of Applied
Biotechnology (FSAB)
Best Poster Presentation
(2012), Seminar on
Contribution of IVRI &
CARI on Advancement of
Veterinary Sciences &
Animal Production.
Fellowship “Bioved
Society”
Fellowship NAAS
Institution/
Society
facilitating
(Name &
Address)
Society of
Applied
Biotechnology,
India
Society of
Applied
Biotechnology
(FSAB)
IVRI & CARI
Responsible consortium
CPI
All Team members
CSSRI-RRS
CSSRI-RRS
IVRI & CARI
Bioved Society IVRI
NAAS
Best poster Award in
CISH,
National seminar on
Lucknow
“Mango Biodiversity”
2nd best poster award to CISH,
research article “Response Lucknow
of different organic inputs
on soil, plant nutrient
status, yield and quality of
mango cv. Amrapali”
presented
in
Global
conference on augmenting
production and utilization
of mango: Biotic and
IVRI
CSSRI-RRS
CISH, Lucknow
abiotic stresses, 21-24
June, CISH, Lucknow
21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability: Rs. 3.80 lakhs
22. Possible Future Line of Work
(Comments/suggestions of CPI regarding possible future line of work that may be taken up
arising out of this sub-project)





Work on bio-enhancers needs to be continued
We developed new concepts for anestrous and mastitis control and theses aspects needs
further research work for further improvements.
Work on developing cheaper therapeutic measure against endometritis/ repeat breeding is
under validation and needs conclusion.
Initial work with satisfactory results on poultry bio-growth enhancers was carried out but
could not be concluded/ validation
SIFS and rural poultry production opened new approach and needs further work for
continuous improvements
23. Personnel
(Staff of Lead Centre & Partner-wise, their Name, Designation, Discipline and Duration)
From – To (DD/MM/YYYY)
Research Management (CL)
1. Dr. S.P.S. Ahlawat
1. Dr. R.S. Chauhan
2. Dr. Dharmeshwer Das
3. Dr. M.C. Sharma
4. Dr. Gaya Prasad
5. Dr. R.K.Singh
Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)
6. Dr. R.B.Rai, CPI
7. Dr. Harendra Kumar, Co-PI
8. Dr. K. Dhama, Co-PI
9. Dr. R.V.S. Pawaiya Co-PI
10. Dr. R.S. Rathor Co-PI
11. Dr. T. Damodaran CCPI
12. Dr. B.K. Pandey Co-PI
13. Dr. R.A. Ram CCPI
14. Dr. D.P. Singh CCPI
2009- 2014
2009- 2014
2010- 2014
2009-2010
2010-2013
2009- 2014
2009-2014
2009- 2014
2009- 2014
15. Dr.B. Rai CCPI
16. Dr. S.K. Jha Co-PI
17. Mr. Tushar Singh CCPI (NGO)
18. Mr. Sunil Mishra CCPI (NGO)
Technical
Nil
Contractual
19. Dr. Balvir Singh RA
20. Dr. Sweta Rai RA
21. Shri A.K. Singh SRF
22. Shri R. Kannan RA
23. Shri Himanshu Dixit SRF
24. Shri Hamid Ali SRF
25. Miss Vijaya Laxmi Sah
26. Shri Subhash Yadav
27. Miss. Sudeepta Mishra
28. Shri Deepak Saxsena
29. Dr. Pawan Upadhya
30. Dr. Shivendra Pathak
31. Dr. Vinay Verma
32. Dr. Pushkar
33. Dr. Subhas Yadava
2009- 2014
2012-2014
2009- 2012
2009- 2012
2009-2014
2009- 2014
2009- 2014
2009- 2014
2009- 2014
2010-2014
2011-2014
2009-2011
2013-2014
23. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No.
2.
Committee Name
CAC
Dr.
Chairman
Members
(From-To)
(From-To)
Sushil
Director, NDRI
Kumar,
Ex- Dr.S.K.Dwivedi,
Ex-Director,
NRCE, Hissar , Expert Scientist
Member
Dr. R.K.Singh, Director, IVRI,
Izatnagar , Bareilly, Member
Dr. A.P. Srivastava, National CoOrdinator
(Component-3),
Member
Smt.
Vandana
Singh,
Social
Worker
Dr. R.B.Rai, Consortium Principal
Investigator, Member Secretary
A.
List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No.
Details of the meeting
Date
1.
CAC
24.7.09
Place & Address (Where meeting
was organized)
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
2.
CAC
23.04.10
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
3.
CAC
18.10.10
BHU, Varanasi
4.
CAC
4.3.11
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
5.
CAC
27.8.11
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
6.
CAC
31.3.12
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
7.
CAC
11.7.12
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
8.
CAC
18.3.13
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
9.
CAC
19.10.13
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
10.
CAC
21.3.14
CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE
(Period from April 2009 to2014)
Sanction Letter No. NAIP(SRLS-III)3rd Call-6/2008
Total Sub-project Cost Rs._______________
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs._______________
Date of Commencement of Sub-project ___________________
Duration: From __________________to ___________________ (DD/MM/YYYY)
Funds Received in each year
I Year Rs___________________
II Year Rs__________________
III Year Rs. _________________
Bank Interest received on fund (if any) Rs. _________________
Total amount received Rs. _________________
Total expenditure Rs. _________________
Expenditure Head-wise:
Sanctioned Heads
Funds
Alloca
ted (*)
Funds Released
1st
2nd
3rd
Year
Year
Year
Expenditure Incurred
1st
2nd
3rd
Year
Year
Year
Total
Expend
iture
Balanc
e as on
date
Requirement
of additional
funds
Remark
s
A. Recurring
Contingencies
(1) TA
(2) Workshops
(3) Contractual
Services/RA/SRF
Sub-Total of A (1-4)
B. HRD Component
(5) Training
(6) Consultancy
Sub-Total of B (5-6)
C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment
(8) Furniture
(9) Works (new
renovation)
(10) Others (Animals,
Books, etc.)
Sub-Total of C (7-10)
D. Institutional
Charges*
Grand Total
(A+B+C+D)
* Institutional charges will be 10% of the recurring contingencies for the Lead Consortium and 5% for
Consortia Partners.
Name & Signature of CPI :
Name & Signature of Competent Financial
authority:
Date:__________
Date:_________
PART-IV: DECLARATION
This is to certify that the final report of the Sub-project has been submitted in full
consultation with the consortium partners as per the approved objectives and technical
programme and the relevant records, note books; materials are available for the same.
Place:_________
Date:_________
Signature of Consortium Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Comments of Consortium Leader
Date:
Appendix-1
Performance Indicators for Component-3
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Indicator
Number of new technologies developed and introduced
in the project area
Number of improved technologies introduced in project
areas
Number of improved technologies adopted in these
areas
Number of farmers involved in consortia activities
Increase in agriculture services and processing enterprises in
project area
6
Increase in income of participating household (Rs/Annum)
7
Number of farmer groups involved in consortia activities
8
Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH)
9
No. of farmers/area in addition to project beneficiary farmers
adopting introduced technologies
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed
based on NAIP research
Number
of
patents/intellectual
property
protections
granted/published based on NAIP research
Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject
areas
Success stories
Amount of sustainability fund corpus created (Rs. Lakh)
Publications
NAAS rated journals
Other journals
Book
Popular Article (English)
Newspaper Article
Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings
Technical Bulletin
Manual
Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation
CDs/Videos
Popular article in other Language (Hindi)
Folder/Leaflet/Handout
Report/Annual/Stakeholders/Agribusiness
Total No.
14
15
15
5940
Baseline Final
3
18
Baseline Final
Rs.14000
Baseline
62
Farmers
(Nos)
1630
3 filed, 2
submitted
13
Nil
17
3.84 lakhs
35
10
2
8
7
8
6
8
28
3
4
10
7
Final
185
Area
(ha)
1250
ha
General Instructions and Guidelines
1)
The CPI will send the consolidated report to PIU-NAIP after compiling the progress reports
received from all the consortium partners. The report should also list the constraints (if any)
being faced by consortia partners.
2)
The Final Report should not be a mere repetition of Annual Reports. The purpose of the
final report is to link all findings from the sub-project so that the overall achievements are
discussed in terms of scientific accomplishments, contributions to scientific, human capital
development, the relevance of findings to development, and how the information
technology is to be disseminated.
3)
The Executive Summary should review and summarize the entire Sub-project. The
Executive Summary should clearly place sub-project accomplishments in the overall
context of agricultural development.
4)
Summary in Hindi (1-2 pages) must be included.
5)
Final Report should be of A-4 size and the total number of pages must not exceed 50-60 in
any case.
6)
Following colour schemes to be used for cover page (front & back) by sub-projects under
different components
Component-1:
Light Orange
#F79646
Component-2:
Light Pink
Component-3:
Light Green
Component-4:
Light Blue
#FF99CC
#33CC33
#66CCFF
7)
Ten hard bound printed copies of Completion Report shall be submitted. Soft copy of the
completion report should be sent in the CD.
8)
CPIs must strictly follow the guidelines while composing and printing the sub-project Final
Report.