FINAL REPORT National Agricultural Innovation Project (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Title of Sub-project: Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming Title of Sub-project: system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. Photographs not more than two Organizations Name & Address of Organization (CL) Director Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly 1 2014 Sub-project code: Inside Cover Page Component- 2012 Printed on : Component : Citation : Copyright : Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Disclaimer : Published by : Name, Designation, Address, Phone, Fax, E-mail, Website Edited by : Compiled by : Hindi translation : Other Credits : Cover page : photographs ______________________________________________________________________________ Printed at 2 Foreword 3 Preface India is bestowed with a complex diversity of climate and soil along with its rich flora and fauna because of the fact that the geographical area of India spreads over a distance of more than 329 million hectares. Northern plains of India is thickly populated since centuries and bestowed with nature’s gift of thick alluvial soil of Gangatic basin, 3 distinct climates and a range of perennial rivers. The agriculture is the mainstream of livelihood security in the area. The production of all the crops is below the expected levels and main reasons are high input costs, lower seed replacement rate, poor profitability and unavailability/unawareness of suitable technological advancements. This has resulted into large exodus of youth from the area in search of suitable livelihood security. Livestock is integral part of rural households and comprise mainly bovines. The non-descript germplasm with very low productivity; generally serve the family need or subsidiary income. The rapidly increasing family size and its disintegration are reducing family land holding pattern. The scenario clearly indicates that agriculture with such lower land holding pattern cannot be a source of sustainable livelihood security with the traditional practices. The main focus of technological development is on increasing the production and naturally the main target are small and large farmers who can afford high input technologies, have economical land holdings and can absorb risk to certain extent. However, the main portion of population is either landless or marginal and comprise together about 63-67% of rural masses. Un-productive subsidies and un-planned/ focused developments is resulting in problems of manpower in agriculture sectors. In the present sub-project of the World Bank funded National Agricultural Innovative Project, two backward districts in UP as identified by the Planning Commission of India, viz Barabanki and Raebareli were selected for the study. The widespread poverty and lack of reasonable livelihood options are major challenges. An attempt has been made through the present work to develop low input- highly profitable technologies and addressing the chronic problems eluding satisfactory solutions as infertility, mastitis, universal bio-enhancers, VAM multiplication, raising crops at higher p H and best suited methodology for resource generation to diversify the livelihood base. We dedicate the present work to Dr. G. Kalloo (Former DDG- Crops & Horticulture, ICAR & Former VC, JNKVV, Jabalpur), Dr. S.K. Dwivedi (Former Director, NRCE, Hissar & Expert Member, CAC) and Dr. A.P. Srivastava, NC-3, NAIP). They guided, helped and participated at crucial stages without which it was not possible. We convey our thanks to eminent scientists who helped us during the period, particularly Dr. Sushil Kumar (Chairman, CAC), Dr. S.A.H. Abidi, Dr. Ramesh Chandra. Dr. D.K. Sharma (Director, CSSRI). I am indebted to all the Directors of IVRI during the period (consortium leader) for their uninterrupted support. I thank all my CCPI for a new work culture viz. cohesive mode of action. R.B. Rai Consortium Principal Investigator 4 CONTENTS No. of pages -by CL -by CPI 1-2 pages Foreword Preface Executive Summary/ Key words Part-I: General Information sub-project Part-II: Technical Details 1. Introduction 2. Overall Sub-project Objectives 3. Sub-project Technical Profile 4. Baseline Analysis 5. Research Achievements 6. Innovations 7. Process/Product/Technology Developed 8. Patents (Filed/Granted) 9. Linkages and Collaborations 10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects 11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 12. Publications 13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized 15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc. 16. Foreign Trainings/Visits 17. Performance Indicators 18. Employment Generation 19. Assets Generated 20. Awards and Recognitions 21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 22. Possible Future Line of Work 23. Personnel 24. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 3-4 pages 2 pages 1 page ½ page 1 page 1 page 20-25 pages 1-2 pages ½ page ½ page ½ page ½ page ½ page 1 page ½ page ½-1 page ½-1 page ½ page ½-1 page ½ page ½-1 page 1-2 page ½ page ½ page 1-2 pages 2-3 pages 1 page 1 page Part-IV: Declaration 5 lkjka’k fo'o cSad }kjk iksf”kr] jk”Vªh; d`f”k uoksaos’kh ifj;kstuk ds varxZr ;g vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk mRrj izns’k ds ckjkcadh rFkk jk;cjsyh tuinksa esa 2009&2014 ds e/; fdz;kU;for dh x;hA bl ifj;kstuk esa 65 xk¡oks ds 5940 d`”kd ifjokjksa dks ‘kkfey fd;k x;kA ikzjfEHkd losZ{k.k ¼2009½ esa ;g ik;k x;k fd bu xk¡oksa esa 30-26 izfr’kr Hkwfeghu] 33-82 izfr’kr lhekar] 26-97 izfr’kr y?kq rFkk 8-95 izfr’kr cM+s fdlku gSaaA budh okf”kZd vk; vkSlru 14618 :0 ¼Hkwfeghu½] 26792 :0 ¼lhekar½ rFkk 50714 :0 ¼y?kq fdlku½ FkhA ifjokj esa vkSlr lnL;ks dh la[;k 7-1 Fkh A lkekU;r% fdlku xsgw&/kku&ljlksa&nygu dh Qly pdz viukrs FksA udnh Qlyksa esa flQZ esaFkk] ckjkoadh ftyksa ds dqN xk¡oks esa izpfyr FkkA xk;&HkSlksa esa nw/k mRiknu de vkSaj O;ku varjky vf/kd ¼27-4 ekg½ FkkA O;olkf;d :i lsa lfCt;ksa rFkk Qyksa dh [ksrh ugha FkhA eqxhZikyu Hkh bu xk¡oksa esa ugh gksark FkkA dqN ifjokj ns’kh cdjh ikyrs Fks] ijUrq ykHk rFkk mRiknu nksuksa gh de FksaA bl ifj;kstuk esa vkthfodk {ks= esa dbZ vfHkuo iz;ksx fd, x, A vkthfodk ds fy, ,d NksVh Ms;jh izkjEHk djus gsrq Hkh nqX/k Ik’kq [kjhnusa ds fy, dkQh i¡wth dh t:jr gksrh gS] tks fd bu xjhc fdlkuksa ds ikl ugh FkkA vRk% ,d u;h lksp rFkk fof/k viuk;h x;h A fdlku [kqn cgqr NksVh ykxr ls 4&5 ekg esa gh igyk nq/kk: Ik’kq [kjhnus yk;d ykxr iSnk dj ysrk gS rFkk fQj 3&4 ekg dsa vUrjky ij yxkrkj [kjhnrk jgrk gSaA ;g izfdz;k yxHkx 2 o”kZ esa iwjh gks tkrh gS vkSj og nwljksa dksa cspuk izkjEHk dj nsrk gSA cka>iu fuokj.k ds fy, ,d cgqr gh izHkko’kkyh vkSj lLrh rduhd fodflr dh x;hA blesa fo’ks”k [kfut yo.k rFkk foVkfeu dks ,d [kkl vuqikr esa 10 fnu rd f[kykus ls vaMk’k; esa vaMks rFkk dkiZl Y;qfV;e dk rsth ls fodflr gksrk gSA LkkFk gh lkFk xHkkZ’k; Hkh xeZ/kkj.k ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrk gSA blh dM+h esa lokZf/kd leL;ktfur egRoiw.kZ chekjh FkuSyk ds fy, Hkh ,d mipkj fodflr fd;k x;kA ;g lLrk rFkk cgqr gh izHkkoh mipkj i'kqvksa esa C;ku ds ckn gksus ckys FkuSyk jksx dk iw.kZ fu;a=.k dj nsrk gS rFkk ;fn gks x;k rks Hkh mldks Bhd dj nsrk gSA bu nksuksa rduhdksa dk 6 O;olk;hdj.k dj fn;k x;k gS] ftllsa ;s iwjsa ns’k ds fdlkuksa dks miyC/k gksaA xjhch mUewyu rFkk vkthfodk ds fofo/khdj.k gsrq /ku ds fy, xkzeh.k eqxhZikyu dh ,d u;h rduhd fodflr dh x;hA bl rduhd esa pwtsa 250&300 dh la[;k esa 2&3 Ekkg ds varjky ij ikys tkrs gSA feÍh ls cuk ,d fo’ks”k izdkj dk lLrk NksVk ?kj buds jgus ds fy, vkJ; ds :Ik esa cukrsa gSA f[kykusa ds fy, ,tksyk dk mRiknu xk¡o esa rkykcksa rFkk eqxkZ?kj ds ikl djrs gSA cdjhikyu dks cV+kok nsus ds fy, fljksgh rFkk ckjcsjh uLy dh cdjh rFkk uj fdlkuks dks fn, x,A uj uLy lq/kkj esa cgqr gh lgk;d ik, x, rFkk iSnk gq, cPpksa dk nsg Hkkj yxHkx 35 izfr’kr c<+ x;kA izns’k rFkk iwjsa ns’k esa Ålj Hkwfe dkQh gS rFkk lfn;ksa lsa ;g fdlkuksa dsa fy, ,d leL;k gSaA budk ih0 ,Pk0 8-5&10-5 rd ik;k tkrk gS rFkk dbZ {ks=ksa esa blesa yo.krk dh ek=k Hkh vf/kd gksrh gSA vHkh rd bUgsa ftIle vk/kkfjr rduhd ls lq/kkjk tkrk gS] ijUrq ftIle dh ?kqyUk’khyrk de gksus ls ;g eagxh iM+rh gS] lkFk gh mRiknu Hkh de jgrk gSA bl ifjisz{; esa ,d u;h lksp ij vk/kkfjr ,d lLrh fof/k bl ifj;kstuk esa fodflr dh x;hA cSlhyl rFkk VªkMdksMekZ dks mPp ih0 ,p0 dh e`nzk ls izkIr djds] lcls izHkko’kkyh LVªsu dk ijh{k.k e`nk ij fd;k x;kA bUgs lewg esa gh loaf/kr vkSj iz;ksx fd;k x;kA buds izHkko ls ih0 ,p0 9-0 rd Qly lQyrkiwoZd yh tk jgh gSA cSlhyl tgk¡ eqnzk ls iks”kd rRoksa dk vo’kks”k.k 21&34 izfr’kr rd Ck<+k nsrk gS] ogh VªkMdksMekZ chekfj;ksa ds fu;a=.k esa dkQh izHkkoh ik;k x;kA bu nksuksa dsa lao/kZu ds fy, cgqr gh lLrh rFkk iks”kd xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj fefM;k fodflr dh x;h ¼isVsaV½A bl dMh+ esa vkxs pydj ,d u;h fefM;k fodflr dh x;h] ftlesa cSlhyl ds lkFk ekbdksjkbtk ¼oSe½ dod dks ,d lkFk loaf?kZr fd;k tk jgk gSA bldk ykHk vk’kkrhr gSA rFkk bldsa }kjk 9-5 ih0 ,p0 ij gh Qly lkekU; tSlh gh gksrh gSA lkjh rduhdksa ds leUo; ls ,d u;h lefUor d`f”k iz.kkyh dk fodkl fd;k x;kA ;g ,d vyx rFkk oSKkfud lksPk ij vk/kkfjr gSA bllsa tgk¡ ykxr esa yxkrkj deh gksrh gS] ogh ykHk yxkrkj c<+rk 7 tkrk gSA Hkwfeghu d`”kd Hkh :0 90000@& okf”kZd rd dek jgs gSA bl ifj;kstuk dh eq[; miyfC/k gj oxZ dsa d`”kdksa dh ckf”kZd vk; esa vk’kkrhr c<+ksRRjh jgh gS] tks fd 250&600 izfr’kr rd jghA Executive Summary The present project “Holistic approach for sustainable rural livelihood security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki & Raebareli districts of U.P.” was initiated in June, 2009 with the aim of developing innovative low input- highly profitable technologies, their integration and highly profitable models of integrated farming system. 8 A base line survey was done in 42 villages covering 15% households. The productivity and profitability of the existing cropping/ farming systems was very low and unable to provide reasonable level of livelihood security. The area contained 30.26% households as landless, 33.82% as marginal, 26.97% as small and only 8.95 % families as large farmers. The annual income from the farming system was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs 26792/-for marginal and Rs. 50714/- for small farmers. The average family size was 7.1. The pre-dominant cropping patterns were paddy-wheat, paddy- mustard-mentha and paddy- pulses. The cost: benefit ratio averaged 1.5. The bovines were non-descript, low milk producers and reared for subsidiary income. Out of 42 villages only 62 farmers were practicing seasonal vegetables with average land holdings of 0.15 ha. Goats were reared by 100-150 families with flock size of 1.4 under extensive system for subsidiary income. Poultry, sheep and pigs in any form was raised by farmers. Raebareli districts has vast stretches of sodic land with pH ranging from 9.0-10.5 and the reclaimed land through gypsum based technology by UP Bhumi Sudhar Nigam was very poor in biological activities and showed very poor yield of susceptible crops like wheat . There was no cash crop grown in the project area. The overall conclusion of the base line survey was: very poor productivity and profitability, lack knowledge technological advancements, lack of suitable livelihood models and wide spread poverty. The vulnerability of landless and sub-marginal farmers was evident. In this background the present sub-project, funded by the World Bank was undertaken. During the period between June 2009- March, 2014, a total of 65 villages in these 2 districts covering 5940 families were educated and intervened. The major initial problems were lack of farmers faith due to past bad experiences, un-suitability’s of existing technologies for such small land holdings (particularly sizeable landless families), lack of risk taking capacity being resource poor, the existing socio-economic penury and menace of monkeys and blue bulls. To overcome the problems series of innovative low input highly profitable technologies were developed, evaluated and intervened. To reduce the menace of blue bull, a wildlife protected animal, concept of increasing the stake and diluting the risk was implemented. To overcome the anestrous/ infertility problems in bovines which severely hampers up-gradation of germplasm and profitability, a new safe highly economical and orally fed mineral based technology was developed and intervened. The estrous induction rate was above 85% and it promotes follicle and corpus luteum development and thus, restores natural estrous in the animals. Besides, it tones uterus for conception and therefore, early embryonic mortality is avoided. The technology was intervened in 10000 animals during the period. Though, many farmers were reluctant to get their animals conceived before 4-5 months of calving due to fear of reduction in milk, still the inter9 calving period in cows was reduced to around 15.0 months in and in buffaloes 17.0 months in continuously intervened animals. The increase in number of lactation was 68% with corresponding calf borne. The technology is popular and now commercialized to cater the need of the country. Mastitis is another problem, particularly in highly yielding milch animals, and jeopardizes the whole livelihood if based on small dairy units. There was no satisfactory prevention measure and the standard treatment available is costly and does not restore the milk yield fully in affected milch animals. A low cost innovative, orally fed preventive measure was developed which not only prevent the occurrence but effectively treat the condition and milk restoration is 80-90%. The technology has been commercialized. Mass vaccination, popularized amongst the farmers resulted in almost insignificant morbidity and mortality in bovines. Periodic deworming and introduction of high yielding perennial grasses as CO-3 & CO-4 increased the availability of green fodder round the year. Another significant impact was created through a new innovative technology viz. new rural poultry production technology in which the backyard birds of suitable strains are reared in the batches of 250-300 chicks at 2-2.5 months intervals in shelters and integrated with in situ Azolla microphylla cultivation and feeding with partial grazing and supplementations. The evaluation and interventions with over 93000 chicks in 985 families clearly established it as best tool for resources generation, self employment and poverty alleviation. These birds when integrated with nearby plantations and to certain vegetables, they acted as very effective biological control agent. A new beginning has been made in reclamation of degraded lands, mainly sodic land (though equally effective in normal, sodic-saline, saline, acid-saline also). The reclamation of sodic land is being done by non-renewable gypsum based technology of which the solubility is only 0.2% and re-claimed land is as good as barren for 3-5 years due to lack of biological activities in the soil. In the present project, a different approach was taken. We isolated endophytes from the rhizosphere of grasses at pH 9.8-10.4 and evaluated them for their salt tolerance, nutrient uptake and resistance against soil borne diseases. Two isolates of Bacillus viz. B. pumilus and B. subtitis and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum showed promising results. While Bacillus spp. increased the nutrient uptake by the plants (21-34%), Trichoderma spp. controlled the soil borne diseases. The K uptake by plants was higher than Na and thus, impact of sodicity on the plant was negligible. The large scale validation and interventions on various crops viz. paddy, wheat, banana, okra, tomato, capsicum, gladiolus etc, showed 10-24 % higher yield, no wilt and 10 interestingly controlled false smut in paddy. Crops like wheat, banana etc. can be taken up to pH 9.0. We developed a very low cost patented common media using naturally and commonly available waste by- products which not only supported the growth of Bacillus & Trichoderma simultaneously, but the career used becomes a rich source of nutrients for foliar spray. The technology has been commercialized as CSR-BIO and is reaching all parts of the country. Furthermore, we developed common low cost media to support the growth of VAM (Glomus clarum), B. subtilis and B. coagulans isolates obtained from further higher pH and this consortium of microbes is supporting crop growth up to p H 9.5. This product/technology we named as CSR-BIO-II and is under the process of patenting/commercialization. This whole approach of microbial reclamation based on substrate dynamism has been named “Rhizosphere Engineering”. This new technological approach is cheaper and allowing direct crop growth up to pH 9.0/9.5 and saving at least one year time in comparison to traditional gypsum based technology. By integrating all the technologies, new specialized integrated farming system (SIFS) models have been developed on new concept. The models are highly profitable and contain 4 components viz. basal crops (cereals/plantation/ dairy/apiculture etc) to support the system, medium duration cash crops (banana/ papaya/ goat/pig etc), short or super short duration cash crops (cut flowers as gladiolus, off season/seasonal vegetables/ rural poultry/ milk etc.) and value addition in the system (increasing soil organic carbon, bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides etc). Under these models banana, off season tomato cultivation, dairy (opening at negligible initial cost) and rural poultry are highly popular. While crops provided about Rs. 1.5-2.0 lakhs per 0.24 ha per annum, the rural poultry gave Rs. 0.8-1.0 lakhs per annum to landless farmers. Part-I: General Information of sub-project “Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.” 1. Title of the Sub-project: Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. 2. Sub-project Code: NAIP-C-3 (SRLS-III) 3rd Call-6/2009 11 3. Component: III 4. Date of sanction of sub-project: April, 2009 5. Date of completion: March, 2014 6. Extension if granted, from _________________________to__________________ 7. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: 531.16639 8. Total Expenditure of the sub-project: 9. Consortium Leader: Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. Telephone no. : 0581-2303163, Fax No. 0581-2303284 Website: http://rurallivelihood-ivri.org/ 10. List of Consortium Partners: Name of CPI/ CCPI with designation CPI CCPI1 CCPI2 CCPI 3 Name of organization and Address, Phone & Fax, Email Dr. R.B. Rai, Division of Pathology Principal Scientist I.V.R.I. Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. Phone : 09411699408 Fax No. 0581-2303284 Email: drrbrai@yahoo.co.in Dr. T. Damodaran, CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow Senior Scientist Opp. Kanshi Ram Smarak, Lucknow Phone: 09198149968 Fax No. Email: damhort2002@yahoo.com Dr. R.A. Ram Central Institute for Subtropical Principal Scientist Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow-227 017, India 0522-2841022, 09415459464 (Fax)- 91-522 – 2841025 raram_cish@yahoo.co.in Dr. B. Rai, Principal PC unit, CIRG,Makhdoom P.O. Scientist Farah-281 122, Mathura (U.P.) Phone: 91-565-2763260 Ext.-207 (O), 91-565-2763354 (R) (M)9758197615 Email: brai21464@gmail.com 12 Duration Budget (From-To) (Rs. Lakhs) April,2009March, 2014 258.52489 July, 2009- 99.32990 March, 2014 April,2009March, 2014 41.30560 April,2009March, 2014 34.07350 CARI, Izatnagar, Bareilly- April,2009243122 March, 2014 Phone: 09457160431 Email:dpscari06@gmail.com CCPI 4 Dr. D.P.Singh, Principal Scientist CCPI 5 April, 2009- 7.95920 Mr. Tushar Singh, Agri-Plus International (NGO), Secretary General D-4/55, Sector 15, Rohini Delhi- April, 2012 85 Ph. 011-7296467, Mob. 09811523590 jaipd1960@yahoo.com CCPI 6 Mr. Sunil Mishra, Secretary Shiv Sahitya Parishad, Vill. & Post- Kumhrawan, Lucknow e-mail:s.s.parishad@gmail.com April, 2009- 34.32350 April, 2012 CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator 13 55.64980 11. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (Rs in Lakh): CPI/ CCPI Name, designation & address) Dr. R.B. Rai, CPI Principal Scientist, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. CCPI1 Dr. T. Damodaran, Senior Scientist, CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow R.A. Ram CCPI2 Dr. Principal Scientist, CISH, Lucknow CCPI 3 Dr. B. Rai, Principal Scientist, CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura, D.P.Singh, CCPI 4 Dr. Principal Scientist, CARI, Izatnagar, Bareilly CCPI5 Mr. Tushar Singh, Secretary General, Agri-Plus International (NGO), CCPI6 Mr. Sunil Mishra, Secretary, Shiv sahitya parishad (NGO) Total Total Budget Sanctioned 258.52489 Fund Released (up to Closing Date) Fund Utilized (up to Closing Date) 99.32990 41.30560 34.07350 55.64980 7.95920 34.32350 531.16639 CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator 14 Part-II: Technical Details 1. Introduction The present project was undertaken to develop sustainable rural livelihood models for gangatic plains using the need based low input technologies which can provide maximum profitability. During our own and surveys conducted by various groups many critical gaps limiting the profitability of existing system of livelihood, based on integrated farming system, were identified for which the satisfactory and affordable remedial measures were not existing. The existing cropping pattern using the high input technologies were not very profitable. Efforts made by various governmental agencies had little or lesser than desirable effect due to lack of suitable technologies. The family’s income was miserable and it affected whole livelihood security scenario. Migration of youth is a common phenomenon in the region. Due to explosive human population growth, the family landholding is unsatisfactory. Nearly 30% population is landless or having less than 500m2 cultivable land. About 37-38% population is marginal farmers comprising about half as sub-marginal, which will become nearly landless in next two decades. It is a well established fact that smaller landholdings are unprofitable. The integrated farming system models being practiced are sustainable but profitability is poor. Farmers opted mono-cropping system but whenever faced climatic vagaries, they lost hopes. Therefore there was an urgent need to develop highly profitable models of farming system, suiting to the socio-economic penury which can absorb the climatic vagaries and provide optimum profitability, besides being affordable to resource poor farmers. The typical problems with multiple causes, like widespread anestrous/ infertility in bovine, mastitis always threatened the hard labour put in the livelihood ventures. Lack of suitable resource generation method for creating their own livelihood security was lacking. The sodic/ degraded land , which are being reclaimed by State Government using gypsum based technology, lack organic carbon and biological activities at desired level. Thus the reclaimed land is as good as barren land for 3-5 years due to lower productivity. In this scenario, the present sub-project was undertaken and 2 backward districts viz. Barabanki and Raebareli, identified by the Planning Commission of India, were chosen. 2. Overall Sub-project Objectives a. To develop specialized integrated farming system models as self-sustaining and high producing system, 15 b. To generate awareness in the communities for common water body management, surface run off harvesting and management of sustainable irrigation system. c. To enhance livestock productivity through improvement of germplasm, fodder, reproductive efficiency, health management and improved germplasm production. d. To promote organic production system for improving per unit productivity, economics, soil health, etc. 3. Sub-project Technical Profile There are seven key partners in the proposed project i.e. IVRI, CARI, CIRG, CISH, SSP, Agri-plus and CSSRI-RRS . The specific role to be played by each of the organization is discussed below. IVRI: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, will play the role of consortium leader, coordinating the activities of all the consortium partners. IVRI will also be involved in the following specific activities: Conducting Infertility camps using a non-hormonal, mineral- based new technology in the project area to identify various types of reproductive problems and infertility in the livestock. Providing frequent, quick and adequate support to prevent as well as control the reproductive problems. Increasing awareness and knowledge of the stake holders in the project area regarding different aspects of animal health management and vaccination for the prevention of diseases. It will monitor the different aspects of the project time to time to assess the progress, to identify the problems in implementation of the project components and suitably modifying the interventions with existing proven technological interventions. It will introduce and adopt low cost technologies on various aspects and integrate with each other for increasing the production and profitability. CARI: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, will introduce rural poultry production technologies for sustainable livelihood in association of lead centers and NGOs. It will also provide the chicks specially developed for and proven under rural poultry rearing systems. It will also provide educational resources for increasing knowledge of farmers in the project area for increasing adoption rate. 16 CIRG Central Institute for Research on Goat will provide technical expertise in advanced practices for scientific goat rearing in rural areas. It will provide knowledge resources for the farmers regarding cross breeding for breed improvement, feeding practices for pregnant goat, post parturient dam and new born kids, Care and management of new born, Vaccination for disease prevention, etc. It will provide high producing breeds of goat for introduction in the project area. Production of Boer goat crosses will also be taken up in association with the lead centre. It will also provide time to time technical support to the stake holders during the project period It will provide expertise in organically improving the soil health through biomass application, Rishi kheti, Agnihotra, etc. It will provide expertise in different horticultural crops with quality inputs and related components of the project It will monitor the soil health status in the project area during the project period. CISH Agri-plus international and SSP (NGOs) Agri-plus international and SSP are two NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), those will provide their technical expertise in the aspects of vegetable cultivation, orchard rejuvenation, organically improving sol fertility and other components related to agriculture. They will conduct community mobilization to understand their needs and facilitate their action. They will help in providing foreword as well as back word linkages to the stake holders. It will arrange for the inputs to be provided to the farmers as well as marketing of the produce. They will provide technical expertise and manpower In time to time monitoring of the project at different levels. They will arrange and facilitate various training programmes, input distribution, day to day monitoring, selection of stake holders/partners for the project implementation. They will provide and maintain infrastructural facilities including Mushroom spawn production, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, IFS models and various self help groups for the purpose, in consultation with PRI members. 17 CSSRI-RRS Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station will provide expertise regarding desalination of the saline land. It will provide expertise in vegetable, agronomical interventions, microenterprises, cash crops and will assist CPI in integration. It will develop low cost sodic land reclamation technology based on substrate dynamism. Will provide all the logistic facilities for the operation of the project. 4. Baseline Analysis Districts wise selected clusters: S.No District Cluster 1 Barabanki Trivediganj Haidergarh 2 Raebareli Lalganj Sareni & Tera The baseline survey of adopted villages and families in all the clusters was carried out. However, randomly selected (15%), proportionally representing the landless, marginal, small and large farmer’s households were covered. The highlights of the baseline survey are summarized below: The literacy rate was 45.40% comprising 53.74% in males and 36.44% in female. In the Project area 30.26% families are landless followed by 33.82% marginal, 26.97% small and 8.95% large farmers. Source of irrigation is either canal (38.7%) or bore wells/other sources (61.3%) The average income per family was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs.26792/- for marginal and Rs.50714/- for small farmers. Rice and wheat was the major crop but productivity is very poor which is 2.22 t/ha for paddy and 1.46 t/ha for wheat. Mentha cultivation during summer month is practiced in Barabanki district as cash crop. 18 Commercial cultivation of vegetable was absent. There are non-descript mango trees but commercial plantation / orchard of any fruit crop is absent. Floriculture, apiculture and such subsidiary enterprises were absent. In livestock, bovines are the predominant species followed by goat. Pig, sheep and poultry were either absent or negligible. The lactation yield in bovine was poor (range 300 lit. in zebu to 900 lit in crossbreds). The alarming feature is prolonged inter-calving period (24 – 40 months). The growth rate of goat was poor (one year body weight 13.2 kg.-pooled) and germplasm is non-descript. There was no perennial fodder cultivation (except Berseem during winter season) and concentrate feeding is also absent (except occasional mustard cake feeding). FMD and H.S. are major infectious diseases. However, main cause of morbidity and mortality is general systemic state comprising parasitic infestation (mainly fascioliosis, ascariasis, and ticks), pneumonia and other enteric affections. Deworming practices are not followed. Farm mechanization is fair and comprises tractor, power tiller and threshers. Awareness level about the technologies was poor. Marketing network has not developed except village / area level rural market. It Nearly 52 per cent of the lands are poor in soil organic carbon and 34 per cent land was salt affected. Among them 28 per cent of the salt affected soils have been surface reclaimed by Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar Nigam (UPBSN) and were predominantly being used for rice with average productivity of 2.5 tonnes / ha followed by wheat with productivity of 1.1 tonnes / ha. Among the 52 per cent lands with poor soil quality, 28.5 per cent was under rice wheat cropping system and 12 per cent was under fruit orchards and 8 per cent was under vegetables and 1.5 per cent was used for other crops like fodder grasses and forest trees, etc . 19 The survey results indicated that the pre-dominant cropping system was rice-wheat or rice-mustard with about 2 animals / house-hold on an average. The mango orchards have started declining due to the increase in sub-soil sodicity and poor soil health management system. New orchards initiated in the reclaimed sodic soils failed due to sensitivity to the moderately high pH of more than 8.8. 5. Research Achievements In the present research project, the target group undertaken was landless (having up to 500 m2 land), marginal and small farmer families. The target in the project was to provide reasonable and sustainable livelihood security with income enhancement by about 200400%. The existing high input-high production technologies have not created desired level of impact, which were introduced by the state Government Departments. Therefore, our approach has been to develop low input-highly profitable technologies to fill the critical gaps affecting the profitability and developing highly profitable model(s) of integrated farming system for wide acceptance and popularization. The following strategies on crops sector were also integrated to implement the above objectives. 5.1. Dairy development as source of livelihood: This venture is widely practiced option and backbone of all agricultural activities. Some of the problems like inadequate feed and fodder, deaths due to HS or FMD, production losses owing to parasitism had reasonable solutions but unawareness or reluctance due to economic considerations were solved using the existing technologies. Mass vaccinations through A.H. Department resulted in full protection against HS and FMD and not single death from 201011 onward was reported. Initially high yielding Napier CO-3 variety was popularized as source of perennial green fodder and later CO-4 was introduced. To supplement the protein source, Azolla microphylla in village ponds were introduced which are being used for poultry, bovines, pigs and goats. However, wide spread anestrous (infertility) and mastitis severely affect the profitability and threatens the very source of livelihood and have no satisfactory solutions/remedial measures, under the prevalent system. Therefore, technologies for their prevention and treatment have been developed. 5.2. Infertility Control: Infertility/ anestrous is a major problem severely affecting the profitability of dairy ventures. It results in prolonged inter-calving period and thus lesser number of lactations in 20 its productive life. It results from multiple factors. In villages whose livelihood is dependent on the animals reared for milk production and resultant calves/ heifers/ young adults are fed with kitchen waste, some cakes (limited to lactating animals) and varying quantity of grains. The fodder or roughage availability in desired quantity is never available. The changing agricultural practices are a serious problem for dairy animals as the availability of roughages and waste of crops are diminishing significantly. Due to prolonged inter-calving period/ anestrous majority of buffaloes are sold for slaughter. Presently no reliable solutions exist. The common remedies are area specific mineral mixture (15-20 days feeding), special supplements, commercially available estrogenic substances for inducing the estrous, hormonal interventions as follicular stimulating hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GNRH), lutelizing hormone (LH), prostaglandins and HCG but the results are inconsistent and unsatisfactory. Keeping in view the lower success rate, 2 formulations based on new concept and our research findings was developed. In random survey palpable corpus luteum was observed in 23.71% cows and 17.43% buffaloes. In majority of cases it was indistinct. The number of animals exhibiting estrous within 4-5 months of calving were 24.6% cows and 18.6% buffaloes, respectively. The problem of anestrous was minimum/ negligible in cows receiving good care and feeding. However, when the prostaglandin injection was given in animals having palpable corpus luteum, induction rate within 48-96 hrs was 93.2% in cows and 77.4% in buffaloes. The area specific mineral mixture was able to correct anestrous, by inducing estrous, in 33.33% (range 23-36%) of oviparous animals. The supplements available in the market were able to correct the natural cycle in 42.2% (36-49%) but needed prolonged feeding and little more cost. Various estrogenic products available commercially when given orally the induction rate varied widely with an average of 20.9% (range 11-29%). In oviparous cows the present formulation when given the induction rate was 92.3% (range 82-96%) while in buffaloes it was 73.1%. The conception rate in animals where estrous was induced by present formulation was 66.4% compared to 56.6% of area specific mineral mixture and 42.8% of estrogenic substances. Evaluation of cost showed that all 3 treatment regimes have more or less similar cost which was around Rs. 80/- per animals. The area specific mineral mixture was not able to induce estrous beyond 36% in field animals which indicated that minerals are not alone responsible for follicular and CL development. Estrogenic substances provide estradiol which can help in inducing the estrous but cannot assure conception. The present formulation stimulated follicular and CL developments and thus corrected the cycle in the 21 body which may be helpful in subsequent pregnancies and the cost is as low as mineral supplementation. Table: Comparative evaluation of various treatment regimes Infertility treatment regime (animals) Area specific mineral mixture (462) Estrogenic substances (388) Present formulation (16542) Estrous induction (%) 33.3 20.9 85.94 Table: Estrous induction rate with present formulation Treated animals (No.) Cows (11066) Buffaloes (5476) Animals showed estrous (%) 92.3 73.1 Table : Comparative conception rate after natural service Treatment regime (animals) Area specific mineral mixture (136) Estrogenic substances (78) Present formulation (1842) Conception rate (%) 42.3 56.6 66.4 Existing technologies include estrogenic substances, hormones and area specific mineral mixture (ASMM) / special supplements but none of them have desirable success rate Estrogenic substances Hormones ASMM/ special supplements Present technology Induce stress (20-25%), inconsistent , does not ensure conception Very costly, inconsistent , required technical expertise, does not target conception Good, success rate is 25-40% Cheapest ,easy , safe, targets follicular and CL developments, also assure conception , success rate is highest : above 80% in cattle(85-98%), above 72% in buffaloes (though seasonal breeder) 22 Adoption percentage of the mass infertility technology year wise Impact of infertility control interventions: To boost the dairy as a major source of livelihood under IFS mode, more than 16000 bovines were given the present interventions and were evaluated for inter-calving period, improved calves borne and milk production. The inter-calving period was significantly reduced compared to base line survey of 27.7 months. The animals received the interventions within 90-120 days of calving for 10 days. However, many farmers were reluctant to induce pregnancies before 6 months of calving. The inter-calving period of the buffaloes, which showed very poor estrous and conception percentage during peak hot and humid months of June-July, was reduced to 17.8 ± 0.4 months and 15.2 ± 0.7 months in cows. The average cost of milch animals in the localities varied during the period from Rs. 3000-4000 / lit milk production for cows and Rs. 4000-5500 / lit for buffaloes. The present formulation not only induced the estrous through corpus luteum and follicular development but probably helped in checking the rejection of pregnancies during first month. Timely insemination, care and observing estrous improved the inter-calving period compared to baseline data. The total cost of estrous induction in 3 subsequent pregnancies, averaged around Rs. 80/- per animal per pregnancy that enhances the number of lactations (around 55-60%) and make the existing low producing animals also a profitable venture. The increase in number of lactation was around 68%. To overcome the problems in germplasm improvement, we trained 16 farmers at IVRI, Izatnagar and one farmer in each district was provided AI kit and continuous supply of improved Vrindavani and Murrah semen. The calves borne have better growth rate compared to calves produced from the semen of other sources. The inseminations from various sources were compared to find out the gaps if any. The state government AI gave poor results (32.6%). The BAIF results were much better (54.6%). The natural service results were constantly higher (58.2) but it does not help in germplasm 23 improvements. Project trained inseminators, while doing about 100 AI per month, are now reached near 70% conception rate in cows and between 65-69% in buffaloes. Impact assessment on adoptability of Fertisure (anestrous formulation): Initially the acceptance was poor (around 25%), but constant gosthis, results from intervened animals and economic consideration s gradually improved the acceptance. By the end of 3rd year the acceptance reached near 94%. Among these 85% of respondents belonged to the age group between 30 to 50 years. Majority of the respondents were male (93.50%) and showed inherent impression of our society. 19.25% of adopters were engaged in dairy farming as primary occupation, while 80.75% adopted it as subsidiary occupation. 5.3. Mastitis prevention and control technology Mastitis is a major threat to dairy venture, particularly when for germplasm improvement using Friesian semen is practiced. The prevalence is across the breeds but crossbreds with pendulous udder are more prone to the condition. The situation becomes serious when dairy unit is major source of livelihood and the animal develops mastitis, either in one or all 4 quarters. The standard treatment available is parental antibiotic along with intra-mammary infusions. In spite of best efforts, milk restoration is only up to 60% and the cost for full treatment is around Rs. 1000/-. The etiology is diverse and in about 70% cases infection enters through teat canal. The maximum prevalence is observed within first fortnight of calving. There is no satisfactory prevention remedy, except improving general hygiene and sanitation with general management. Keeping in view the serious threat, a highly effective, economical and easy to adopt technology has been developed to prevent and treat clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and was commercialized also. Outcome of antibiotic therapy regimen Recovery status in comparison with premastitis stage (milk yield restored) 10-30% milk yield restored 30-50% milk yields restored 50-70% milk yield restored Fibrosed Average percentage (range) 11.8 (7-14) 52.1 (37-62) 30.4 (22-36) 5.7 (2-10) Stage of lactation showing mastitis Stage of lactation Clinical mastitis 0-2 weeks 2-8 weeks % of cases total Probable reasons 67.3 20.1 Infection/ toxins/ metabolites -do---24 8-24 weeks 12.6 Sub-clinical mastitis 0-8 weeks 3.4 8-24 96.6 weeks Mainly injury/ clinical infection etc. Infection/ insect bites -do- Evaluation of formulation in prevention of clinical mastitis during first fortnight of calving Treatment (no. of animals) Percent of mastitis Control (145) 29.2 Present formulation 1.3 Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in clinical mastitis Treatment Recovery grading Restoration of milk (%) Control-1* (26) - <10 Control-2* (57) + or - 10-30 Standard ++ 20-60 +++ 60-80 regime treatment (273) Project formulation (214) *Represent the animals where farmers have applied fomentation and home remedies ** Besides fomentation, parental antibiotics (1-2 injections) was given by farmers Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in sub-clinical mastitis Treatment regime Control (37) Standard treatment (650) Project formulation (722) Recovery grading ++ +++ Remarks Persisted Flakes occasional, no blood Full healing, no flakes, no blood, milk restored Impact of mastitis prevention on livelihood security: The cost of treatment has been drastically reduced and there is no need of skill hand as it is given orally in jiggery or bread. No case of clinical mastitis was reported. Many dairy units use to incur annual expenditure on mastitis treatment between Rs. 15000- over Rs. 90000/ (depending on number of animals) and still some cases developed fibrosed udder. With the present formulation, the expenditure was 25 negligible and not a single fibrosed udder was reported. In the neibourhood of the project area, one NGO has used the formulation for prevention of the mastitis. In the area usually 15-20% animals every year developed the condition in one or multiple quarters. After the start of the interventions not a single case was reported. 5.4. Interventions of innovative rural poultry production technology for resource generation, livelihood security and poverty alleviation The major problem in creating reasonable livelihood security is lack of resources as the majority of farmers are resource poor and semi-literate. Therefore a major challenge was to create resources first. For the purpose we evaluated various prevalent methodologies viz. vegetables, cut flowers, goat, pig, open, intensive and new system of rural poultry with our improved technological approaches. Total net return was monitored for one year along with the affordable investment. The results are presented here: Interventions Type of farmers Expenditure Rs. lakhs 0.34 Total return Rs. lakhs 1.0 Tomato (0.12ha)x Marginal/ small 2 crops Okra (0.12ha) Marginal/ small 0.16 0.51 Gladiolus (0.12ha) Marginal/ small 0.3 0.80 Open range birds Marginal/ small 0.02 0.20 (25x3 cycles) + landless Broiler (300x5 Marginal/ small 1.48 1.63 cycles) + landless Birds under new Marginal/ small 0.39 1.4 system (250x4 + landless cycles) The evaluation studies clearly indicated that short duration crops can Net return Rs. lakhs 0.66 0.35 0.50 0.18 0.15 1.0 substantiate the farmer’s resources but it is not enough for diversifying the livelihood base. Furthermore, these interventions required initial cost ranging from Rs. 10000- 20000/ besides some cultivable land which is not available with the landless farmers. Goat and pig will be able to give return in medium duration. Open range system of poultry is only suitable for subsidiary income not as livelihood venture. Broiler, a well established and popular venture with all type of market support, requires slightly higher initial cost for the shed (Rs. 6-8/sq.ft) and cost of birds and feed. Under the new rural poultry production technology the initial cost was reduced to 8000- 10000/ as only a shelter was constructed and was linked with in situ Azolla microphylla cultivation and feeding. The disposal of birds was done after 4 months or when they achieved around 1.5 kg body weights. Thus, it was clearly established that rural poultry is the best tool for reasonable 26 resource generation, low input livelihood option and poverty alleviation among landless and marginal farmers. The project area is not a traditional belt for poultry and government efforts to popularize layers/ broilers could not made dent due to economic un-viability. When the project started in base line survey only 2 desi birds with one farmer were available out of 42 villages. Not a single broiler unit was available in these villages. We intervened with the new technology. Small units of azolla were opened in the vicinity of the shelter. Shelters was constructed in the dimensions of 4x3.5x8 or 12ft (HXWXL) and extended as per the need using mud for wall, asbestos sheet for roof and a small door made of wire mesh and waste materials. Chicks of Nirbhik strain were provided in batches of 250-300 after initial training and usually confined for 10-12 days to avoid predation and casualty. Afterwards they were allowed to graze in the open area and adlib azolla was provided as fresh. They relished it. It contains nearly 24% CP (with digestibility around 50%), besides being rich in minerals and vitamins. After 3-4 weeks some waste grains were also provided for supplementing the energy source. Males achieved nearly 1.8 kg BW around 4th month. Birds were gradually disposed off after achieving BW of 1.5 kg and fresh batches were provided after 2-3 months of initial batch and the cycle continued. A total of 985 farmers were assisted with 93000 chicks. The net earnings of landless farmers exceeded Rs. 90000/ in a year. Two models of rural poultry were developed. Model-1 is for meat purpose and Model-2 is egg purpose and used Grampriya/ Shyama strains. Many of the farmers up-graded their venture into broiler units and at presents 64 broiler units are being operated in the project area. Some of the farmers used the earnings for purchasing bovines, constructed their own houses, performed the family commitments like daughter’ marriages. Many farmers are rearing both broiler as well as these birds simultaneously. Impact: The most visible and rapid impact on economic empowerment was achieved by this intervention. Farmers from all the ethnic groups are now rearing birds as there is no capital involvement. The quick and higher return provided enough cash for diversification of livelihood base. For rural poverty alleviation and economic empowerment of landless and small holders, this technology/ intervention was established as the best tool. Distribution of beneficiaries District No. trained No. adopted % of adoption Barabanki Raebareli 658 371 1029 585 320 905 88.97 86.32 87.92 27 Net Return after adopting new models of rural poultry Models Net return (Rs) Broilers (500 chicks x 5 rotations) 30000/- Rural poultry Model-1 (250 chicks x 4 cycles) 95000/- Open range Deep litter/Intensive Present technology Suitable for low/subsidiary income, and rural conditions Requires infrastructure, balanced feed, health care and can be practiced in semi-urban as well as rural areas. No infrastructure, no feed as integrate with Azolla spp., semiskilled/preventive health coverage, suitable for semi-urban and rural areas. No feed cost, grazing, kitchen waste 60-65% input is on feed cost No feed cost due to in situ Azolla integration and grazing. More space Less space Less space (about 200 sq.m for grazing) Only up to 50 birds/family can be reared No limit Running strength of 400-500 birds is standard Per chick profitability in a year is about Rs. 200-300/= Egg production cost is around Rs. 2/= and 3 cycles of broiler in 4 months net fetches Rs. 2030/per chick. Per chick fetches net about Rs 100120/= in 4 months. Per egg production cost is about Rs. 0.100.15 Unsuitable for self employment, livelihood security Suitable for self employment and livelihood security but initial cost and risk involved is prohibitive for resource poor farmers Suitable for self employment, livelihood security and any resource poor farmers can afford it. 5.5. Sodic land reclamation through microbial dynamism and development of plant bio growth enhancer (CSR-BIO) The productivity of commercial crops, particularly high value horticultural crops, in sodic as well as normal soils of the project area remained a challenge. In Raebareli district the soil sodicity is a major concern followed by extensive use of chemical pesticides. Ninety percent of the farmers were practicing rice and wheat cultivation as a source of livelihood with poor profitability. At this juncture the technologies like commercial banana cultivation using tissue cultured banana var. G-9, and hybrid tomato cultivation using varietal 28 intervention of Himsona and NS507 received mixed response which raised the constraint of sustainability due to incidence of wilt disease and crop failure based on climatic and weather changes. The adoption percentage was average by small and marginal landholders. To overcome the fatigue in adoption of technology an alternative research plan of developing a microbial biogrowth enhancer using consortia of microbe approach with simultaneous development of dynamic media and substrate to implement a triple mode of action (nutrient mobilization, growth regulation through production of auxins and disease control potential especially for soil borne diseases) was initiated. The current work focused on development of alternative solution to the existing constraints of the bio-agents viz. Lack of efficient strains available to perform under sodic conditions where the soil pH is more than 8.5 Cost effectiveness of the product and multiple action to avoid application of multiple bioagents like Phosphate solubulization bacteris (PSB), Trichoderma and Pseudomonas cultures. Isolation and identification of efficient strains of soil rhizospheric microbes About 30 bacterial isolates of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated from the soil, root, stem and leaves of the grasses grown in un-reclaimed sodic soils of pH from 9.7 to 10.32 and also from salt tolerant poly-embryonic mango accessions. These isolates were characterized using bio-chemical and molecular markers and were further evaluated for vigour index under sodic soils in controlled conditions. Among them four strains CSR-B-1, CSR-B-2 and CSR-B-3 belonging to genus Bacillus and one fungal strain CSR-T-1 (Trichoderma harzianum) were identified as potential bio-enhancers with promising plant growth promotion properties. 29 Plant Growth Promotion characteristics of salt tolerant microbes S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Observations And Result CSR-B-2 CSR-B-3 CSR-T-1 CSR-B-1 Experiment Procedure IAA production HCN Siderophore Ammonia P- solubilization ++ + ++ ++ +++ + ++ + ++ ++ + ++ ++ + ++ ++ IAA- Indole-3- Acetic Acid; HCN-Hydrogen Cyanide; - No production; + 0.3–0.5 cm; ++ 0.6–0.9 cm; +++>1 cm Development of Low cost multiplication media for plant bio-enhancers Though considerable amount of isolates are available in the country as biofertilizers and bio-control agents, the formulations in general are based on single microbe which limits their broad usage. In most cases the final bacterial and fungal population gets reduced to 105 from the original 106 when they reach the farmers fields. Therefore, there was a need for development of a dynamic media that could support the multiplication of consortia of elite microbes (CSR-B-2, CSR-B-3 and CSR-T-1) with the individual colony count of 107. An eco-friendly organic and cost effective media was developed using low energy inputs and organic waste. This had significantly reduced the cost of multiplication while maintaining the live count of the final product at 107. Moreover, this media was unique of its kind where both fungal (Trichoderma harzianum) and bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thurigensis) multiplied simultaneously without disturbing the other. Comparative assessment of the different media available for multiplication. Existing technology Low cost new technology Uses talc or charcoal based carriers Uses waste product which is widely available throughout the country mostly at zero cost or with minimum transportation cost. The raw material used as carrier is a valuable The raw material is a waste product awaiting source for energy production. disposal. To produce 100 kg of the carrier about 30000 To produce 100 kg of the carrier about ml of the commercial nutrient agar medium or 30000 ml of patented formulation acts as any other specific chemical medium is required supplement of the nutrient source 30 Total production cost of 200 kg of the product Total production cost of 200 kg solid CSRis approximately about Rs.11,150 /BIO of the product is approximately about Rs.5,500/Cost of production of liquid CSR-BIO 1 LRs.20.00/Total CFU is maintained at 107 up to 3 months Initial CFU starts from 109 and even after 3 months it sustains CFU of 107 CSR-BIO – Bio-growth enhancer for commercial horticultural crops The amalgamation of the consortia of microbes with the low cost patented media has resulted in production of the bio-stimulant CSR-BIO both in liquid and solid formulations. The formulation, both solid and liquid, apart from microbes also are suppliers of micro-nutrients for crop growth because of the inherent nature of the nutrient present in the substrate used in the dynamic media. The bio-formulation CSR BIO was tested for their efficacy in different crops like banana and gladiolus through bio-priming with planting material and soil and foliar application at the critical stages of crop growth. Later, the technology of CSR BIO was intervened in the adopted clusters of Barabanki with the technology of commercial banana cultivation, hybrid vegetable cultivation (tomato, okra and capsicum). The technology of integration of CSRBIO with the varietal replacement was carried out in different integrated models targeting the holistic livelihood security of the small and marginal land holders. Application dosage Seed priming / treatment 100g / kg of seed or 3 % liquid Seedling dip 3 % solution Soil application 7 kg in 100kg of FYM @ 35 kg / hac in 500 kg FYM Foliar spray 3 % spray at critical stages of crop growth Technological interventions S. N o 1 Technology intervened Adoption and impact Commercial TC banana production system with biopriming of plantlets apart from soil and foliar application + dairy under SIFS model. 83.08 % in Barabanki district and 33 % in Rae Bareilly district A total of 205 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology. An average net income of Rs.2.14 lakhs / acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality. 31 Responsible Consortium CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly 2 3 4 Commercial hybrid vegetable production with bio-priming of seeds apart from soil and foliar application during the critical stages of crops + dairy under SIFS model. Commercial cut-flower (gladiolus) production with corm-priming apart from soil and foliar application during the critical stages of crops + dairy under SIFS model. Riverbed cucurbits and tomato cultivation with bio-priming of CSR-BIO and soil drenching at flowering 87.14 % in Barabanki district and 65.25 % in Rae Bareilly district A total of 740 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology. An average net income of Rs.1.84 lakhs / acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality. CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly 85.71 % in Barabanki district and 2.00% in Rae Bareilly district A total of 122 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology. An average net income of Rs.0.79 lakhs / acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality. CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly 95 families of landless farmers adopted the technology with varietal supplementation and bioagent utilization. A net income of Rs.72,500 / acre / family was obtained when compared to Rs.49,000 with non adopters. CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly Integration of CSR-BIO primed commercial TC (tissue culture) banana with rural poultry, dairy under SIFS model. Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard cultivation for years. Banana is a medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands. But small farmers fear to adopt it due to fear of risk, high input cost and lack of complete technical back up.In this scenario a technological approach was developed. Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with moong and urd dal as intercrop at the time of planting (February, March) and rural poultry in 0.30 ha with 0.30 ha under paddy-wheat with resource conservation technologies. 50 backyard poultry birds of Nirbhik/ Shyama strain was integrated with the system. The birds feed cost was made near to nil by supplementing with in-situ azolla cultivation and introduction in the village ponds. The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with CSR-BIO powdered formulation @ 45 kg carrier based or 50 L Bio-liquid in 650 kg / ha of FYM or vermicompost and about 500 g of this mixture (CSR-BIO+FYM) was applied in the basins of the plant during the 5th and 7th month after planting. 3 percent CSR BIO liquid was sprayed on the hands of the bunches after emergence. 32 The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds were allowed to graze in the banana fields. 135 112 36 45 43.5 30 10 Plant height (cm) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Girth (cm) Contol 12 No.of leaves Bunch wt. (kg) K (meq /L) Treated Na(meq/L) Polyphenol oxidase (abs min-1g-1) Contol Effect of CSR BIO plant morphology and yield Peroxidase (abs min-1g-1) Treated Effect of CSR-BIO on nutrient and enzymatic properties On analysis of data obtained from a sample of 50 adopters and 50 non-adopters of CSRBIO it was observed that the treatment significantly increased the yield and growth the bioprimed TC banana var.G-9 by increasing the nutrient uptake particularly with reference to potassium (K) and nitrogen (N). The treatment of CSR-BIO also increased the activity of defense enzymes and income which played an important role in imparting tolerance to winter frost injury without reducing the yield as compared to untreated controls and also higher income. Commercial cultivation of bio-hardened banana under SIFS model Composting with CSR-BIO powder 33 Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice Components Traditional system Gross income TC Banana Rice Wheat Dairy Poultry Miscallaneous TOTAL Components TC Banana Rice Wheat Dairy Poultry Miscallaneous TOTAL 24000 15000 14000 8000 10000 71000 Net No. of Expenditure income mandays 12500 11500 35 8000 7000 22 8000 6,000 45 2826 5174 22 0 10000 10 31326 39674 134 CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry Technology without CSR BIO and infertility gross net no. of gross net no. of income expenditure income mandays income expenditure income mandays 2,78,200 65,000 2,13,200 90 2,36,000 71,000 1,65,000 90 12000 6500 5,500 18 12000 6500 5,500 18 15000 5000 10,000 11 15000 5000 10,000 11 20000 6000 14,000 45 14000 8000 6,000 45 15000 2000 13000 45 8000 2826 5174 22 1000 0 0 10 2000 0 0 20 3,41,200 84,500 2,55,700 219 2,87,000 93,326 1,91,674 206 Application of CSR-BIO in vegetables Vegetable cultivation using elite variety with CSR-BIO as seed priming, soil application and foliar spray was intervened effectively with rural backyard poultry of 50 birds initially later with commercial poultry of 250 birds. Some of the technologies intervened in vegetable cultivation are Early or late cultivation of hybrid tomato (var. NS506 or Himsona), okra (var. Hybrid 10 & 564) and cucurbits. Seed treatment with CSR-BIO liquid formulation 1per cent solution increased growth and also reduced the soil borne disease incidence by 40per cent. Effective and efficient management of nutrients plays a key role in commercial vegetable cultivation. Soil application of CSR-BIO composted with FYM / vermicompost @ 14 kg in 200 kg / acre. This had resulted in reduction of threat 30-40per cent of recommended fertilizer schedule. Foliar spray of 3 per cent of CSR-BIO liquid from the day of first flowering to harvest at an interval of 20 days. This not only takes care of control of diseases but also acts as a source of auxin and gibberellins to increase the fruit set percentage. Commercial cultivation of bio-primed capsicum and tomato under SIFS model Bio-priming and soil application of CSR-BIO resulted in 18.5 per cent increase in plant height, and 20 per cent increase in fruit yield / plant. The treated plants also exhibited higher plant dry weight (51.1 g / plant) than the untreated control. Also integration with rural poultry had increased the economic output of the technology 222.00 181.00 79.4 16.33 14.4 Plant height(cm) No. of branches 63.47 33 39.27 Days of flowering Treated No. of fruit/plant 51.1 41.00 Dry weight /plant (g) Control Effect of CSR BIO on growth and yield of tomato in Barabanki district (n=50) Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice Components Traditional system Vegetables Paddy Wheat Poultry Miscallaneous TOTAL Components 0 24000 15000 8000 10000 57000 0 12500 8000 2826 0 23326 CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry Vegetables 222000 Paddy 12000 Wheat 0 Poultry 15000 Miscallaneous 1000 TOTAL 250000 38000 6500 0 2000 184000 5500 0 13000 46500 202500 65 18 0 45 10 138 0 11500 7000 5174 10000 33674 0 35 22 22 100 179 Technology without CSR BIO and infertility 184000 12000 0 8000 2000 206000 41000 6500 0 2826 143000 5500 0 5174 50326 153674 70 18 11 22 20 141 Bio-priming and soil application of promising salt tolerant endophytes and rhizosphere bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladiolus under salt affected sodic soils Gladiolus, a commercial cut flower, grown traditionally in the river basins of perennial rivers suffered the salt injury due to the development of sodicity in its rhizosphere. The approaches of using gypsum and pyrite in reclamation of these sodic soils have not been able to change the soil physical and biological properties that limited its cultivation. Though a high value crop, it was never grown in the project area probably due to this reason. Therefore, alternative biological approach of utilizing CSR-BIO was attempted to induce salt tolerance in gladiolus grown in sodic soils. The salient research results are as follows: Application of CSR-BIO through corm treatment (bio-priming of corms with 3 percent liquid formulation), soil application @ 35 kg / 500 kg of FYM / ha and foliar sprays during critical period in gladiolus crop, significantly increased the spike length (96.33cm), number of florets (19) and weight of spike (115.00g) than the control (standard local growers). Also, the treated plants showed an increased activity of superoxide dismutase, phenyl alanine lyase , catalase, peroxidise, phenols and proline than control. Further, the soil pH, total carbonates and SAR were lower in treated soils. The Na+ / K+ ratio in leaves of treated plants was observed to be lower than control. In conclusion, these bio-inoculums can be used as growth enhancer and bioameliorant in sodic soils as an eco-friendly management strategy. CSR-BIO treated and control plots Impact of treatments with CSR-BIO in commercial cut flower (gladiolus) cultivation with integration of rural poultry and infertility management in dairy The technology of bio-priming of gladiolus corns, soil application of CSR BIO enriched FYM and foliar sprays during critical period was integrated with rural poultry production adopted by 122 small and marginal farmers were interviewed through questionnaire method for the analysis of the average income obtained and man days spent for the implementation of the technology. 1,32,744 140000 120000 100000 80150 72500 80000 60000 49000 40000 20000 29500 15070 5500 8000 5700 5174 850 12400 5000 4200 0 Paddy Gladiolus Vegetable Adopters Net income (Rs) Poultry Dairy Miscellaneous TOTAL Non-adopters Net income (Rs) Increase in income pattern during the pre and post intervention period It has contributed a major portion of post intervention income in the SIFS model (Rs.72500/-) making this as a short term entrepreneur venture. The sustainability of the model was maintained by supplemental income with vegetables to about Rs.15070 and dairy to about Rs29500/-. Table: Profitability of the technology during the post intervention period Paddy Gladiolus Vegetable Poultry Dairy Land lease Miscellaneous TOTAL Gross income (Rs) 12000 87500 24000 8000 38000 0 5000 1,74,500 Expenditure (Rs) 6500 15000 8930 2826 8500 10000 51,756 Net income (Rs) 5500 72500 15070 5174 29500 0 5000 1,32,744 No of man days 18 21 35 22 42 0 45 183 Assessment of adoption rate of CSR-BIO + dairy under SIFS model The technology was intervened in about 1067 farmers through training right from the year 2010 onwards till 2014. The adoption year wise adoption percentage clearly revealed that it was a minimum ranging from 10-55 per cent in the first year where only varietal replacement was undertaken and the product was in the genesis phase. However, farmers were using formulation obtained from dealers in the specific locations. In the 2nd year the crude formulation without commercialization was intervened free of charge in the respective crops, which showed an increase in the adoption percentage due to the farmer’s preference of the technology after witnessing their growth at the experimental farm during the training programme? The adoption percentage ranged from 63-84 per cent for different crops. During the third year when the product was commercialized, due to their better performance the farmer’s purchased the product and started using them, which witnessed an increased adoption percentage of 83.00-87.11 per cent over all the commercial crops. The number of beneficiaries who adopted had also increased to 1067 majority being after the intervention of CSR-BIO product. A unique feature is that the product CSR BIO was sold to farmers from the institute at full price while inputs like seeds were given at 30 % of cost. 100.00 87.14 84.00 68.57 63.73 80.00 85.71 83.08 66.15 85.11 55.00 60.00 36.07 40.00 17.14 20.00 10.00 0.00 2010-11 (without csrbio) Banana based 2011-12 (with formulation) Vegetable based 2012-13 (with csr-bio) Flower based Total / average Adoption percentage of the CSR-BIO technology year wise 1200 1067 1000 740 800 610 600 491 400 200 67 12 55 5 137 65 72 42 176 122 54 30 205 74 45 122 0 2010-11 (without csrbio) Banana based 2011-12 (with 2012-13 (with 2012-14 (with formulation) csr-bio) csr-bio) vegetable based flower based Total (201014) Total / average Adoption profile of the CSR-BIO technology year wise Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO The present technological intervention of CSR BIO was made in banana (bio-priming in primary hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5th month after planting followed by foliar spray at 7th and 9th month after planting), vegetables and cut flowers (seed or corm priming; soil application at a week before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages of the crop). The sampling population was divided into two groups, small (< 1 ha) and large land holdings (> 1 ha), based on the average landholding data as obtained from the block office of the district to assess the social factors that led to the acceptance and adoption of the CSR-BIO technology. A total of 344 respondents were interviewed among the 582 beneficiaries of the technology. Respondents were restricted to farmers who had practiced the technology more than once. Training was imparted to farmers group of four clusters each in two blocks of the district during the year 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and means. The assessment of adoption level was expressed in percent. Partial correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between the factors of adoption and adoption intensity (AI). Regression analyses based on logic regression model using dummy variables were used for assessing the level of factors contributing the adoption intensity (AI). According to the results of this investigation, the important factors that influenced the adoption and adoption intensity of the technology included training level, engagement in agriculture as primary occupation and small landholding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the small landholders from economically backward group with agriculture as primary occupation showed more interest in attending training program and adopting the technology intensively than the big landholders. Logistics regression co-efficient of the factors affecting the adoption intensity (AI) of CSR BIO technology (N=344). Statistics Parameter Estimate Standard Error Pr > |t| Significance Variable Training 0.05008 0.22428 0.8243* 0.001 Land Holding -0.11498 0.20017 0.5686* 0.000 Occupation 0.17785 0.26978 0.5132* 0.015 Marketing 0.31790 0.28126 0.1430 0.385 Age -0.87353 0.88521 0.3291 0.386 Gender -0.32889 0.22051 * Significance at P= 0.01 %. 0.1250 0.385 Adjusted RSquare Co-efficient of variation 0.9504 23.63285 Impact of CSR BIO on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops The profitability of the CSR BIO formulation in commercial crops like tomato and banana with its impact on reducing use of chemical fungicides toxic to the environment was assessed with adopters and non adopters of CSR-BIO in two major banana and tomato growing areas of the Barabanki district (Trivediganj and Haidergarh) during two growing seasons of the year 2011-12 and 2012-13. A structured questionnaire based data were collected from 100 adopters and 100 nonadopters of the CSR BIO technology in tomato var. Himsona (Syngenta Hybrid Seeds, India) and banana var. G-9 (Hindustan Bioenergy Ltd., India). Results showed an overall increase in yield up to 22.43 and 15.62 per cent in the adopters of tomato and banana which simultaneously increased the gross profitability to 20.11 and 17.39 per cent in banana and tomato respectively. The use of plant protection chemicals was 47.33 and 33.36 per cent lower than the non-adopters who didn’t practiced the technology in tomato and banana respectively. The mean banana bunch yield of 31.53 kg was obtained with adopters while the nonadopters obtained a mean bunch yield of 27.27 kg. The mean expenditure incurred in production was Rs. 0.64 lakhs among the adopters while among the non-adopters the mean expenditure was Rs. 0.70 lakhs. Adopters gained an average gross income of Rs.2.78 lakhs from one acre while the non adopters obtained a gross profit of Rs.2.36 lakhs from one acre of crop. Adopters sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non adopters used chemical sprays for 11.067 times. Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in banana (N=100) Parameters Significance (P = 0.05) 31.533 Standard Deviation (SD) 4.612 0.030 Standard Error Difference (SED) 1.867 2 27.266 5.574 0.030 1.867 Expenditure 1 0.647 5.522 0.006 2.026 (Rs) 2 0.707 5.574 0.006 2.026 Income (Rs) 1 2.782 0.393 0.013 0.157 2 2.366 0.464 0.013 0.157 1 7.333 1.195 0.004 0.658 2 11.067 2.250 0.005 0.658 Yield (kg) Pesticide *Group Mean 1 *1= adopters; 2= non adopters In the case of tomato the adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the non-adopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. The mean expenditure incurred in production was Rs. 37,000/- among adopters while the non adopters incurred Rs. 41,000/-. The gross return obtained was Rs. 2.21 and Rs. 1.84 lakhs between adopters and non-adopters respectively. An average of 6.533 sprays was given to the crop during its growing period by the adopters while the mean spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times. Table. Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in tomato (N=100) Parameters Yield (kg) Expenditure (Rs) Income (Rs) Pesticide *Group Mean 19.640 Standard Deviation 4.079 Significance (P = 0.05) 0.004 Standard Error Difference 1.137 1 2 16.053 1.663 0.005 1.137 1 0.378 4.224 0.026 1.414 2 0.412 3.489 0.026 1.414 1 2.216 0.448 0.008 0.130 2 1.845 0.229 0.010 0.130 1 6.533 1.567 0.001 0.569 2 12.400 1.549 0.001 0.569 *1= adopters; 2= non adopters The technology of seed treatment, soil application and foliar spray of CSR-BIO was intervened in about 740 beneficiaries (582 hybrid tomato + 158 bhendi) in vegetables like bhendi var. M-10 and tomato var. Himsona and NS 507 over a period of three years. The average land holding of the adopters were 0.30 to 0.40. 35 30 28.8 25 12.8 8.8 12 16 15 10 0 24 20 21.5 20 5 25 5.2 4.32 2.16 Bhendi Tomato Banana Pre Yield (t/acre) Potential yield of variety (t/acre) Post yield (t/acre) % yield increase Effect of intervention on yield bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind and banana var.G-9 Effect of CSR-BIO on average net-income from in 1 acre bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind The yield of bhendi, tomato and banana increased to 21 .50 per cent, 25.0 per cent and 28.8 per cent respectively compared to the potential yield of the hybrid variety and the average standard yield of progressive farmers of the locality. Simultaneously, the income from bhendi and tomato increased to 18.6 per cent and 21.4 respectively. The effect of interventions like varietal replacement and crop diversification in the SIFS model can be harnessed with synergestic effect of the two technological interventions of infertility management in cattle and growth enhancer cum nutrient uptake promoter (CSR-BIO) in the adopted project beneficiaries. List of Firms and their production status up to Dec. 2014 Firms purchased Area % yield Crops benefitted increase Disease controlled M/S Krishicare Bioinputs, TamilNadu 700 ha 18 Ixora, Banana Jasmine,Green house Tomato Wilt Fusarium wiltFe+ availability Blight and Fusarium wilt M/S Jai Visions AgriTech, Ghaziabad, U.P 400 ha 12 Gladiolus, Potato Leaf blight ,Scab and Blight of potato M/S Alwin Industries, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 12 ha 22 Chillies and garlic Wilt and blight Impact of CSR-BIO on the environment as an eco-protectant Most of the commercial horticultural crops like tomato, potato, banana, okra etc are being extensively sprayed with fungicide and pesticide to avail the economic benefits of the crop setting aside the health hazards creating by indiscriminate sprays. Also the soil loses its sustainability due to the intensive use of soil drenching fungicides. The eco-balance gets disturbed resulting in deterioration of human health and environment. The CSR-BIO technological intervention was made in banana (bio-priming in primary hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5th month after planting followed by foliar spray at 7th and 9th month after planting) and tomato (seed or corm priming; soil application at a week before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages of the crop). The impact of the product in reducing the pesticide use was evaluated using a structured questionnaire in about 100 adopters and 100 non adopters. Survey was restricted to adopters and non-adopters who had similar land fertility status and market. The findings of the survey in banana crop growers indicated existence of significant differences between adopters and non adopters with respect to chemical pesticide / fungicide used during the cropping period as plant protection measures. The adopters sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non adopters used chemical sprays for 11.067 times. In a single spray for 1 acre of the crop about 600 ml of chemical plant protectant were being used therefore, about 2.25 L of the chemicals were saved due to use of CSR-BIO. Under the project a total of 171 beneficiaries adopted the technology which had resulted in saving of 382.5 L of chemical plant protectants. Application of CSR-BIO had also increased the uptake of potassium, phosphorous and iron in the soil. The potassium content in leaves of treated plants ranged from 6-4 meq/L while in untreated control it ranged from 3-2 meq/L. There is clearly a pronounced effect by the use of CSR-BIO on the yield, and pesticide use in tomato crop. The adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the nonadopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. An average of 6.533 sprays was given to the crop during its growing period by the adopters while the mean spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times. There existed nearly 50 % reduction in the fungicide use by the farmers to save their crop from diseases. In a single spray for one acre of crop about 480 ml of the chemical protectant is being used therefore, about 3 L of chemical plant protectant was saved due to use of CSR-BIO technology in one acre of the tomato crop. 5.6. Intervention on goat Base line survey on goat production status from 8 villages belonging to Sareni and Lalganj blocks of Raebareli district and 9 villages of Haidergarh and Trivediganj of Barabanki district covering 147 households keeping goats revealed that almost all the goat keepers (>90%) belonged to socio-economically backward communities and their major source of income was wages in agriculture and factories nearby their villages. The goats found in this area are nondescript with mixed feature and low in productivity. The farmers depend on scrub bucks for breeding their goats, since no buck of any breed is available in this area. Goats were mainly looked after by women and children in the families. Goats are mainly maintained on grazing or crop residues in fallow lands, bunds and riverside. However, grazing resources and bio-mass availability is poor. Feeding of tree leaves is a common practice in this area. No supplementation of concentrate is provided by the goat keepers except to some lactating goats in a small quantity (50-100 gm/d). The milk yield of the goats ranged between 200-300 ml/day. Most of goat keepers keep 3-6 goats with an average flock size of 3.2 in Barabanki and 2.8 in Raebareli district. Housing space for goats was highly inadequate and so goats are kept in human dwellings. The awareness and adoption level about improved goat rearing interventions/ practices such as strategic supplementary feeding, deworming and vaccination was almost negligible. The kid mortality is high due to lack of health measures on account of negligence among the goat keepers. Under extensive management system goat keepers are earning Rs. 8001500 per goat/ year and mostly sold their goat at the doorstep through middleman. Males were mostly castrated as castrated male get better price and could be managed easily in group grazing and housing. Distribution of Purebred goats: Four hundred forty eight high potential Barbari and Sirohi goats were provide to more than 150 beneficiaries belonging to landless, small and marginal categories in Barabanki and Raebareli districts to ensure their livelihood. Distribution of purebred breeding bucks: Seventy four high quality breeding bucks of Barbari and Sirohi breeds were distributed among the farmers to improve their existing non-descript goats in Barabanki and Raebareli districts. Marketing pattern of goats: The marketing aspect of goats was studied in both the districts. The study indicated that the goat keepers fail to get optimum sell price of the goats/kids due to un-organised goat marketing system. Table . Level of Awareness and adoption of improved practices of goat rearing S. No 1 Improved Practices/ Technologies Concentrate Feeding Districts Aw 90 Barabanki Ad 8 Aw 80 Raebareli Ad 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Green Fodder Straw Feeding Mineral Mixture Feeding Devices Deworming Vaccination Buck selection& utilization Breeding Practices 85 96 20 20 35 30 30 45 3 30 1 5 0 0 5 20 70 87 10 45 25 15 30 50 2 26 0 4 0 0 5 22 10 Goat housing & Sanitation 30 5 35 5 Aw- Awareness level, Ad-Adoption level of farmers Table: Reasons for selling of goat in the adopted villages Reasons Un-economic to take small numbers to the livestock market Non-availability of time Distress sale at low price to avoid return of animals More time required for marketing in hats Lack of facilities in the Market for the animals Lack of transparency in marketing in local hats %age of farmers 55 38 27 32 22 45 Table. Farmer’s perception on low price of their goats Reasons Distress sale Lack of market information Need of money in urgency Poor health of animals Other % of farmers 62.4 38.5 22.5 15.4 4.5 Table . Marketing attributes of goats in Barabanki & Raebareli districts Name of No. of adopted Average District villages family surveyed size Average flock size Barabanki 8 4.7 3.2 Raebareli 7 4.3 2.8 Price of adult goat Male (1-24) 25003000 20002600 Female (1-24) 20003000 20002500 Income/ goat 10001500 10001200 The average age at first kidding, milk yield per day and body weights at 12 months of age of Sirohi goats were 18.5±0.7 months, 705±25 ml and 22.50±0.72 kg in Barabanki district. Corresponding values for non-descript goats were 16.2 ±0.6 months, 510±22ml and 16.6±0.34 kg. The corresponding values in Sirohi goats were 19.7±0.83 months, 710±21 ml and 19.5±0.63 kg, respectively in Raebareli district and in non-descript goats were 16.6±0.66 months, 490±18 ml and 15.7±0.25 kg, respectively. Average mortality in young kids (up to 3 months of age) was 16.4% varied from 5–24% over households; however, mortality in adult was 8.4%. More than 90% goats for meat are sold by goat keepers at their village to the butchers. Average gross income from non-descript goats under extensive management system was Rs. 2465 per goat per year. Overall income per Sirohi goat was Rs 4000 per year through sale of milk and kids and net profit per goat was Rs 2925 which was 28% higher than non-descript goats. The study suggested that the grading-up, strategic feeding and health care are necessary to increase productivity of goats. Impact of Activities: The crossbred kids born using Sirohi bucks attained higher body weights 18- 20 kg as compared to non-descript kids (15-17kg) at the age of one year. The Sirohi goats produced milk 0.8-1.8 lit/d with a lactation length of 6-7months under field conditions. Some (12%) goat keepers sold the surplus goat milk @Rs. 12/litre to sustain their livelihood. With the intervention of this project the goat keepers in the adopted areas are sensitized for supplementary feeding and health care of their goats. Few farmers from both the districts are keen to start goat rearing on commercial lines. Goat + rural poultry + fruit or vegetable crops emerged as a successful IFS model for landless, marginal and small farmers in this region. This model is fit for earning livelihood in limited resources. 5.7. Specialized Integrated Farming System models (SIFS) Commonly practiced integrated system models are sustainable, provide continuous income but profitability is low. In the changing scenario enhanced income with sustainability is the prime concern. This was also pointed out by the farmers during interactions when critical gaps were being studied. In this scenario, we postulated a new concept of IFS for higher profitability and named it Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS). In the system we incorporated 4 components viz. basal crop, medium duration cash crops, short/ super short duration cash crops and value addition in the system as well as produce. Basal crops provide support to the system and included crops like cereals, plantations, dairies for increasing assets etc. The medium duration cash crops are chosen by farmers for bulk cash such as banana, papaya, goat, pig etc. The most crucial component is short duration cash crops as it provides day to day earning and fulfills family need and included seasonal/ off season vegetables, cut flowers like gladiolus, apiculture, rural poultry, milk production etc. To assure sustainability value addition in the system was opted. This included organic production system, continuous reduction in input cost targeting less than 20% of 1st year within 2-3 years. For organic production system large scale value added compost as NADEP, vermi-compost, biodynamic preparation, and biogrowth enhancer based on substrate dynamics and crop rotation were intervened. We took the target of 4 models but at present more than 64 farmers are practicing the system as per their likings. The models provided more than 1.0 lakhs net income per annum to landless and above 1.5 lakhs to small holders with sustainability. All the research inputs and need based developed technologies were infused in the system. 5.8. Other interventions 5.8.1. SRI (System of rice intensification) In 2009 intermittent rain resulted in draught like situation. This phenomenon occurs periodically. To overcome the problem, SRI method was introduced. Dhaincha was spread sown after transplanting the 14th day seedlings, raised as matt nursery. After 30-34 days dhaincha was mulched using conoe weeder. This intervention was done in both districts. The crop visibility improved by 55-60 days. Irrigation requirement was only at the time of mulching and scanty rains during the season was sufficient for the crop. Tillering in SRI fields averaged 39.1 (12-51) against 19.3 with the same variety in neibouring fields transplanted with traditional method. The chemical fertilizers were reduced by 40% and the yield was normal/ or higher by 5-10% compared to fully irrigated traditional methods. In contrast the crops receiving no or 1-2 irrigation showed stunted growth and yield suffered heavily with significantly reduced grain setting. This intervention was used as demonstration intervention against draught. 5.8.2. Zero- tillage intervention in wheat Under conservation agriculture, to save the cost and time in wheat cultivation, zerotillage technology was demonstrated in both the districts. The major advantage derived was early full maturity of grains by 2-3rd week of March when sudden rise in temperature resulted in drying of grains before full maturity. 5.8.3. Mass vaccination and integrated health management In the project area every year mortality from HS (Haemorrhagic septicemia) and FMD was a common feature. Farmers were educated and convinced for vaccination. From 2010-2012 mass vaccination was supported through AH department. Since 2010 onward not a single death has been reported and now on farmers are getting vaccinations timely by their own. 5.8.4. Artificial Insemination The comparison of insemination method from different sources was done to know the reasons of conception failure. In the comparison 800 animals that were given IVRI-Fertisure-1 for estrous induction along with 600 animals with natural estrous were included. The results are given below: Source Without Fertisure Inseminated Conceived With Fertisure % 48 Inseminated Conceived % 355 199 56 BAIF 282 138 Natural service 61 31 50 103 61 59 AH Depart. 256 81 31 342 137 40 The lower conception from AH department AI was due to wide variation in the inseminators while in case of BAIF trained inseminators were constant. The higher % of conception after feeding of Fertisure attracted farmers for estrous induction. 5.8.5. Apiculture Apiculture was introduced in all the clusters mainly as pollinators. The secondary outcome was honey. However, limitation of flowers in rainy season was a major problem for its adoption as self employment venture. It is being practiced as subsidiary income throughout the clusters and helping in pollination of the crops. The peak season is mustard and mango flowering seasons and during the period each box provided about 5 kg of fresh honey in a week. Honey extraction and processing machines have been provided in 2 clusters for use in the communities. 5.8.6. Floriculture In the villages of the project area, no floriculture activity was existing. Gladiolus was introduced in 2009 as short duration cash crop with 3 farmers. Next year itself 40 farmers opted it. With the use of CSR-BIO and reasonable production in problematic soils, the venture has become very popular. Only first year the help in marking was provided and now farmers are selling by their own. Each spike fetched between Rs. 3-4/ in peak season and highest of Rs 9/ during lean season. Now the farmers are growing selected varieties as per the market demand. 5.8.7. Nursery /Protected cultivation Raising seedling under protected cultivation is very important for timely availability of it. Therefore, 16 small nursery shade nets were constructed with participation of farmers located strategically. Due to these farmers are raising seedling in these shade nets during off season for early/ late sowing. 5.8.8. Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as source of cancer prevention and immunemodulator Creating livelihood to resource poor farmers get jeopardized if human/ family health is not considered. During the project period it happened to some families who were unable to incur huge expenditure on chemotherapy of tumors/ cancers. A challenge was taken to evaluate a popularly available costal belt plant for its efficacy in preventing the NMU induced tumors in rat models, which very similar to human beings. The fruit juice of the plant prevented NMU induced cancers, while ethanol extracts of leaves prevented cancers but not the tumors. The fruit juice used as therapeutic measure converted invasive cancers into benign while ethanol extract converted the invasive cancers into non-invasive. Based on these exploratory unique findings, seedlings of Morinda citrifolia were introduced from Port Blair and being propagated. Some farmers have already planted it for routine use, since it is best immune-modulator. 5.8.9. Integration of commercial cash crops like Banana/ guava and some vegetable crops with rural backyard poultry Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard cultivation for years for which profitability is very low. Banana and papaya are sustainable medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands whereas guava can be grown in any type of land including with partial sodicity. Banana is one of the high nutrient draining crop and succumb to natural vagaries like wind storm, draught, frost etc and initial cost many time prohibit the farmers and profitability and production is also highly variable. These are some of the reasons making farmers doubtful with the venture. In this scenario present technological approach was developed. Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with rural poultry. Tissue cultured banana G-9 variety can be planted if it was taken as a pure crop at a spacing of 1.5 x 1.5m otherwise it can be planted at a spacing of 1.8 x 1.8m with intercrops during the initial period. They were integrated with 50-100 backyard poultry birds/ per 0.25ha of Nirbhik /Shyama strains. The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with vermi-composting and Trichoderma, Bacillus and Pseudomonads based liquid and farm manures which also reduces the cost on fertilizers. The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds were allowed to graze in the banana fields. The birds feed cost was made near to nil by supplementing with in-situ azolla cultivation in the interspaces. Tissue cultured secondary hardened plants of 25-30 cm in height and about 5 cm girth having five healthy fully opened leaves were preferred to get better establishment and uniform growth. Sometimes it is seen that secondary hardening done in open during June may results in stunted growth which influence the bunch size later. Standard agronomic practices were followed for the cultivation. Similar evaluation was done with guava (Sweta/ Lalit) spaced at 3x3m. The fields integrated with poultry had nil or negligible pest and disease damage both in banana as well as guava plantations. Poultry acted as bio-control agent for pests/ insects. The faecal matter added nutrients in the field naturally and increased the soil microbial count. The requirement of birds, both for bio-control as well as space intensity was estimated as minimum of 5sq.m per bird and a small shelter in the field where dampness is not there is sufficient for housing. 5.8.10. Improved composting to promote organic production system The widespread problem of indiscriminate use of sub-standard pesticides is a well known phenomenon and a serious human concern. The valuable dung and biomass is not properly recycled and sizeable quantity is wasted. Our one of the objective was to promote organic production system and major achievement in form of plant bio-enhancer has been made. Therefore, we popularized vermi-composting and NADEP composting. It is very popular and more than 700 farmers are practicing them. 5.8.11. Vegetable cultivation on riverbed About 10-11 landless families in each district were practicing one crop of vegetables on river beds and annual income was Rs. 10000-15000/. Keeping in view that these families have no other options, we intervened with varietal improvement, agronomic practices, CSR-BIO, rural poultry and diesel engine for irrigation. The area was expanded by them for more than 8 km, crops became twice in a year and profit was above Rs. 1.75 lakhs per family. By 2011 itself more than 42 families were earning their livelihood through this intervention. 5.8.12. Nutrition garden to the families This intervention was initiated on the advice of Chairman, RPC. Though each family in the village grow some vegetable in the vicinity of their house but importance and compostion based on nutrition point of view was lacking. We introduced 1-2 lemon, guava, banana, fields and creeper vegetables with varietal improvements. Due to packaging of slightly higher quantity of seeds, farmers were reluctant but when small quantity was available, they preferred it. 5.8.13. Surface run off harvesting, life saving irrigation and awareness about common water body management The farmers are reluctant to go for ponds due to higher initial cost. We created livelihood security of one family through digging of a pond in sodic land integrated with fish, plantation and rural poultry. 3 more farmers renovated their ponds with this motivation. More than 200 farmers created micro-irrigation and few drip system. Some more are going to install drip irrigation system gradually. In gosthis, farmers were taken to village common water bodies and awareness about their importance and maintenance was created. Since panchayats own these bodies and a source of income to panchayats, efforts were made to sensitize them. 5.8.14. Survey on mycotoxins in commonly available food ingredients Commonly available feed ingredients in household being used for human as well as livestock were monitored in northern plains during winter months (safe for fungus growth) for mycotoxins viz. aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. The household ingredients showed higher level of aflatoxin (above permissible limit) in 20% samples whereas T-2 toxin in 35% samples and only 9% and 24% samples, respectively were free from toxins. Generally the symptoms of general systematic state produced by these toxins are ignored but very detrimental on health. Concentration of Afla and T-2 mycotoxin in food and feed stuffs collected from different places of Barabanki and Raebareli districts Samples Aflatoxin (nos.) T-2 toxin (nos.) Negative samples 1. Feed Ingredients 7 18 2. Balanced feed 4 8 67 56 Positive samples Feed Ingredients 0-10 ppb 29 - 10-20 ppb 16 - 20-50 ppb 9 6 50-100 ppb 4 24 100-500 ppb 2 18 More than 500 ppb Feed samples 0-10 ppb - 8 10 6 7 - 10-21 ppb 2 - 20-50 ppb 1 1 50-100 ppb - 4 100-500 ppb - 1 More than 500 ppb - - 5.8.15. Studies on calf mortality and prevalence of enteric viruses in calf diarrhoea Survival of neonatal calves is imperative for livestock propagation; however, a large number of calves die during the first year of their life causing heavy drain on the economics of livestock production. A heavy toll of neonates buffalo calves, particularly during first three months of their postnatal life is a common feature. However, environmental and management factors hasten the occurrence of such conditions. Monsoon is most susceptible season to calf disease and mortality. Highest mortality was observed from birth to one month of age. Female calves had higher mortality than males during this stage. Mortality was very marginal after one year of age. Broncho-pneumonia and pneumo-enteritis were the major causes of mortality in calves. The mean mortality from birth to weaning at 6 months was 9.6%, with 2.9% occurring in the first 3 days of life and 6.7% from 3 days to 6 months as post-weaning mortality. The mean mortality from 6 months to 12 months of age was 1.3%. There were no significant influences found in the analyses. The main causes of mortality in calves were diseases of the alimentary tract (59%), diseases of respiratory tract (26%), septicemia (14%) and navel/ joint ills/ ascariasis (6%). Nearly 5.8% of calves born do not survive until weaning. In general, a loss of 4.7% of the calves in the first 21 days of life and another 3.4 % loss from 21 days to weaning occur. The birth weight of calves was found directly correlated with survival. None of the calves having body weight above 15 kg died whereas calves with less than 8 kg had highest mortality. Screening of faecal samples by ELISA: A total of 373 dirrrhoeic faecal samples from calves collected from diarrheic calves were screened for rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and cryptosporidium by ELISA. Out of 373 samples, 89 cases were positive for rotavirus (23.9 %), 22 cases positive for corona virus (5.9 %) and 16.07% positive for E. coli. None of the samples was positive for cryptosporidium. Mixed infections of rota and coronavirus were seen in 1.78 % and mixed infections of and E.coli in 5.35 % cases. The rota viral infection was more common in neonates, while corona virus detected in calves aged up to 8 months. E. coli prevalence was wide and covered all ages of calves. 5.9. Overall impact of the project a) Increased awareness The aim of this research project was skill development, generating awareness about new technological approaches for low input- higher profitability and crop rotation. The models suiting to their socio-economic penury were developed and popularized. The best method was found to be the participatory approach, gosthis, and strategic trainings. Master trainers have been developed in the area for each major intervention. This aim has been achieved fully and sustainability will be assured even after closure of the project. b) Change in expenditure pattern A study was conducted to assess the impact of the interventions in real terms and for it the expenditure pattern of the families was surveyed. The expenditure pattern and income are presented here. The expenditure on food and clothing in pre-intervention period was costing average of 71.4% and only 28.6% monthly earning was available for other family needs. In postintervention period the pattern was drastically changed. In spite of improved food, nutrition and clothing quality, the expenditure was 23.2% of total income. All the families incurred expenditure on family rituals, like marriages etc. but none of them needed loans. The turning point was in children education. The children withdrawn or highly irregular in the schools started attending schools regularly. Average monthly expenditure pattern of families Group Head Food, clothing etc. Pre-intervention expenditure (Rs.) 119.9 71.4 1685.6 23.2 Education related 20.0 1.2 726.5 10.0 Health care. 83.3 5* 930.0 12.8 -- - 2346.7 32.3 House hold expenses (Matrimonials, rituals, cash in bank etc) 374.2 22.4 1576.6 21.7 Total Income 1670.6 100 7265.4 100 Infra-structure (Hhouse/machinery/School etc) % Post-intervention expenditure (Rs.) % - Denotes occasional borrowings as per need Depiction of the total income in pre- and post- intervention period 8000 7000 6000 5000 Pre Intervention 4000 Post Intervention 3000 2000 1000 0 Total income Depiction of change in expenditure pattern Expenditure pattern 80 Percent utilization 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Food and clothing Education related Health care Infra-structure House hold expences c) Adoption of new low input- high profitable technologies The base line survey clearly indicated that farmers were not aware about the new technologies and also if heard the source of exposure/ inputs. This project not only created awareness but also trained them on the latest technological approaches which will be very beneficial for up-grading and up-scaling their knowledge and activities. The unique technologies like CSR-BIO, infertility control, mastitis prevention and control, new rural poultry production technology for quick resource generation and self-employment, integration of plantation with poultry, sodic land reclamation using microbial dynamisn, induction of flowering in mango through endophytes, fodder and azolla cultivation, SRI to combat draught, zero-tillage to conserve soil moisture and reduce cultivation cost, banana as cash crop etc solved their major problems of low profitability and livelihood security. d) Availability of SIFS models SIFS Models for Landless/sub-marginal farmers (Having up to 500 sq.m. land) Component Area (Sq. M.) Input Cost in Rs. Poultry (Semi-range) (250x4 50 10000 cycle) integrated with Azolla Estimated Production & Cost in Rs. 135000 Dairy (5 adult) in SIS mode 200 SIS mode 125000 Azolla for poultry & cattle 50 -- -- Perennial fodder (CO-3) 300 Gradually as per need Total= Rs. 260000/- Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.50000/- Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.30000/- Waiting period = 1.5 -2 years Diversification suggested = after one year Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables, fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security was incorporated. The landless also opted for leased land in the villages for fodder cultivation. (SIFS) Models for small landholders (1 Acre. Land) Component Area (Sq. M.) Input Cost in Rs. 3600 Estimated Production & Cost in Rs. 70000 Net Profitability (per year) 60000 Banana-Poultry 1000 50 8000 100000 90000 Fodder (CO-3) 2000 500 -- -- Gladiolus-veg. 500 12000 55000 40000 Dairy (6-8 adult) 400 SIS mode 200000 150000 Azolla 50 -- -- -- (300 seeding Poultry (Semi-range) (200x4 cycle) Total Electricity / Labour Charges per year = Rs.50000/- Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.50000/- Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.30000/- Waiting period = 1.5-2 years Rs. 340000/- Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables, fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security was incorporated. SIFS model for medium and large farmers for self employment (1 Hactare Land) Component Area (Sq. M.) Input Cost Estimated in Rs. Production & Cost in Rs. Banana-Poultry 1500 5500 8500 (460 plants Poultry (Semi-range) 50 8000 100000 (200x4 cycle) Guava – Poultry (60 500 2400 15000 Plants Goatery (30 nos.) 100 90000 60000 Fodder (CO-3) 6500 --Gladiolus – Veg. 500 12000 55000 Dairy (20 adults) 600 300000 + 700000 SIS mode Azolla 200 --- Net Profitability (per year) 70000 90000 12000 60000 -40000 7500000 -Total 1020000/- Electricity / Labour Charges per year = Rs.100000/Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.100000/Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.50000/ Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables, fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security was incorporated. Since they are large farmers, the crop component of wheat, paddy, pulses, oilseeds etc continued with improved technologies. f) Low cost reclamation of sodic land and utilization from the first year itself In Raebareli district, vast stretches of degraded land having p H above 8.0 is available. Majority of land is reclaimed using the gypsum based technology but productivity is very low. In the area around Hardoi village, the wheat production is around 1.1 t/ha. In these areas, reclamation technology based on soil microbial dynamism was found very helpful. The landless families are given patta of sodic panchayat land and being resource poor they cannot afford costly gypsum based technology. It was realized by the farmers through their interventions that without livestock, agriculture cannot sustain and with the availability of technology for infertility control, now they are rearing and expanding bovine units, though very costly venture to establish. The cash crop of banana is now being taken by farmers on reclaimed land using CSRBIO. g) Increased Cost: Benefit ratio The survey to assess the actual profitability of various system was done through C;B ratio of farming systems. The tradition farming system being practiced in the villages were providing C; B ratio of around 1.5. Some farmers having some degree of awareness practiced IFS and the C: B ratio increases to 2.5-2.8 which is an improvement. The SIFS models intervened are providing C: B ratio above 4.0. Though many interventions individually provided it above 7.0 but in the system ratio of 4.0 and above on sustainable basis itself denotes the status of profitability. h) Changes over the baseline survey: Significant improvement in the livelihood security of the farmers has been made during the period and it is continuing. Categories Baseline Target Present Status 1. Family income (Rs. in Lakhs) Landless 0.145 0.30 0.81 Marginal 0.261 0.50 1.09 Small 0.52 0.90 1.56 500 Families 985 Families 200 Families 322 Families 50 Families 22 Families 16 14.7/17.2 NIL 2 youth 2. Livestock units intervened Poultry Negligible Goat Piggery Negligible 3. Infertility Inter calving period 27.6 (months) Inseminators NIL Morbidity Rate 7.103/1000 animal < 3.0 < 3.0 days Animals covered NIL 4000 >10000 Paddy (Rs./ha) 18000-24000 28000-35000 >45000 Wheat (Rs./ha) 24000-36000 35000-45000 >50000 4. Crop profitability Commercial Negligible 150 Families 1642 families Floriculture NIL 25 Families 382 Families SIFS Models NIL 10 Families 64 Families Nurseries NIL 5 Families 16 Families 10 nos. 52 nos. Vegetables Surface run harvesting/ off Micro irrigation Cropping pattern Intervened Cropping Pattern Wheat-Paddy-Pulses SIFS/IFS comprising Wheat/paddy/banana/guava/vegetables/ dairy/ Wheat-Paddy-Oilseeds rural poultry/cut flowers/goat/pig Wheat-Paddy-Dairy Wheat-Paddy- Mentha 6. Innovations A. Opening small rural dairy units as source of livelihood security: Dairy units are well accepted source of livelihood security. However, there are 3 major problems in adopting it and getting optimum profitability. These are higher initial cost for purchase of milch animals, wide spread infertility and mastitis. These 3 problems till now have educated any satisfactory level of solutions. Extensive research work on disease diagnosis, prevention, increasing availability of feed and fodder etc. has been done and continuing. Though world over work is going on to solve the above 3 major problems but still near perfect solutions are not available which can suite the socio-economic penury of the resource poor rural masses, particularly landless and marginal farmers. In the present project attempt has been made through new innovative concept/approach to develop solutions. To open small dairy unit of 4-5 milch animals, the huge initial capital cost for purchasing milch animals was avoided. The capital for the purchase of first animal was generated through low input short duration innovative ventures as new rural poultry production technology, off season vegetables, high value cut flowers etc. these ventures required very nominal initial expenditure and provided sizeable return within 4 months which was used for the purchase of first milch animal (in the last month of pregnancy or newly calved). Later the sale proceed of milk along with the resources generated from the above sources was used to introduce second animal at interval of 3-4 months. This process continued and within 1.5-2.0 years, a small unit of high milk yielder stock was established. This concept/approach was named as SIS (Systematic introduction scheme). This was integrated with other relevant technologies for sustenance. B. Infertility control-technology: Infertility or delayed anestrous is a major concern world over in milch animals as it affects the profitability and the very purpose for which it is opened. The major reason is nonavailability of balanced ratio which affects the hormonal secretion in the body. The existing approaches are: i) Inducing estrous through estrogenic substances which alleviate estrogen level in the body and induce estrous. However, due to improper ovum development and micro-environment in uterus, the conception is not assured. The induction rate in random population is also low. ii) The second approach is through hormones. For the purpose FSH, GNRH, LH are commonly used. It is a well known fact that wherever hormones from outside is given. It affects the normal secretion of these hormones in the body. Through temporary gain is achieved, but in long term it affects the body systems. Moreover, it is costly and requires skill hand. iii) The existing and commonly used technology6 is feeding area specific mineral mixture (ASMM) or special supplements of minerals with or without estrogenic substances. Though, it requires prolonged feeding of 20-25 days, it corrects the system, particularly in marginal anestrous cases, and supports the follicular and corpus lutum development. However, it is unable to induce estrous and farmers have to wait for restoration of normal estrous cycle. In this scenario, a new concept/approach was developed. In special combination, certain minerals and vitamins were formulated (based on our own long term research and observations) and targeted rapid development of follicles to avoid early embryonic mortality. This was able to induce natural estrous within 20-25 days of feeding. The formulation is fed for 10 days only thus, long wait is avoided. The induction of estrous occurs within 8-30 days of starting the feeding the formulation is patented and commercialized to multiple firms. The estrous induction rate in oviparous cows is above 85% and in buffalo (a seasonal breeder) above 73%. The formulation is highly cost effective, safe easy to administer (orally fed) and very effective in regularizing the natural estrous cycle and have long term beneficial effect. Same of the persons engaged in conservation of breeds/ germplasms used and found it very effective, thus opened a new vista. C. Mastitis prevention and treatment technology Mastitis is basically inflammation of mammary parenchyma, if is a major problem in milch animals. If the disease appears, at least partial permanent damage occurs to the respective quarter of the udder and milk let down is permanently affected. In field conditions 2-10% cases results in permanent fibrosis. Since the etiology is diverse and include bacteria, viruses, fungus, metabolites, non-specific causes etc and route of entry of these pathogens is about in 70% cases through teat canal and 20-25% through circulation, prevention attempts have not been very successful. The only prevention measure is optimum level of sanitation and hygiene in the shed and certain manage mental practices. Practically in field conditions it is not possible to achieve the level. Thus, in spite of extensive research the prevention in practical terms has not been possible. For treating the animals, the present concept is to sterilize the udder. Since, for synthesis of 4 lit of milk, about 400 lit of blood has to circulate through udder, therefore now scientists have realized that like antibiogram failure, the present concept is not fully effective. We worked on a new concept viz. reduce the inflammation & microbial load, anti-oxidants to neutralize the metabolic and un-interrupted synthesis of milk. Based on it a novel, highly economical and effective formulation was developed, patented and commercialized to multiple firms. The formulation is orally fed for 5 days. This is probably only formulation which effectively prevents the occurrence of mastitis in first fortnight of calving (the most prone. Period-about 60% clinical cases occur). It is equally effective in treatment of clinical and subclinical cases. D. Solic land re-claimation throughj rhizosphere engineering and development of plant growth bio-enhancer (CSR-BIO) Vast area of degraded land, which include sodic , sodic saline, acid saline, saline land etc, are lying under-utilized, not only the project area alone but throughout the country. The robust reclamation technology is based on gypsum which is a non-renewable source, have poor solubility (0.2%) and after reclamation does not provide biological activities in the soil by its own. This is the reason the re-claimed land is as good as barren even up to next 4-5 years. Furthermore, the microbes being used as bio-fertilizers or bio-pesticides, are used as single agent and thus have limited role. Moreover, these microbes are from normal pH and these being pH sensitive are effective only soils hanging limited range of pH. Another problem, we also observed that the media used for mass multiplication is synthetic and once the substrate is exhausted, the metabolites are not supportive to microbes growth and , thus the viable count decreases rapidly. The carrier media of final formulation is nearly inert and have no role in supporting the growth of the microbes. In this background, we took a novel innovative approach. We isolated microbes from adverse environment viz. pH 9.8-10.4, screened them for their vigor India and selected most promising isolates of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. We developed a very low cost media based on naturally & widely available by-products and simultaneously multiplied both bacteria (Bacillus) and fungus (Trichodurma). This we developed and used in consortium mode. Since, these isolates are from higher pH, they are able to support plant growth up to pH 9.0 easily. We patented the media and final product and commercialized to multiple firms (CSR-BIO). Using in consortium mode, it has certain added advantages as Bacillus spp. increases the nutrient uptake while Trichoderma spp. is well known for its role in controlling soil borne pathogens. It is equally effective in normal as well as degraded soils (up to pH 9.0 and EC 4.0). Now we cultured mycorrhiza (VAM) and made a consortium with Bacillus spp. on a new media. Thus, problem of VAM growth on artificial media was solved to certain extent and we are able to get about 77 spores/g of final product. This consortium of Bacillus & VAM is supporting plant growth up to 9.5 pH. E. Integration of rural poultry with Azolla microphylla The feed cost in poultry production is 65-70% of total input cost. Any reduction in feed cost without compromising certain level of production increases the profitability. A new technology of rural poultry was developed based on semi-range system and using slightly hardy birds. Since, these are reared in the batches of 250-300 chicks in very low cost shelters, open grazing cannot support the nutrients requirements. Therefore, in an innovation approach they were integrated with in situ azolla cultivation and feeding. The azolla is rich in crude protein (around 24%, amino acid profile is nearer to soybean meal), vitamins and minerals. With partial supplementations of grains (energy source) and open grazing, their nutrient requirements were nearly achieved and full potential was exploited with nominal expenditure. Large scale comparative evaluation studies clearly established it as the best tool for resource generation and poverty alleviation among rural masses. 6. Integration of rural poultry with cash crop plantations (banana, guava, certain vegetables, floriculture) Any fruit crop or vegetables require periodical use of pesticides for preventing/treating the diseases which causes health hazards and contaminates. In this context an innovative exploratory study in farmers field was conducted to assess the rural poultry as a source of bio-control agents in these plantations. The results have been highly satisfactory. Poultry controlled the diseases and pest significantly besides providing valuable fecal bio-mass. Plantation provided space and insects to poultry besides azolla and thus integration helped both and increased the per unit productivity and profitability. 7. Process/ Product/Technology Developed (List partner-wise major Process/ Product/Technology developed and their outcome in quantifiable terms) S. No (Process/Product/Technolog Adoption/ Validation/ Responsible y Developed Commercialization, etc. Consortium 1 2 3. 4 5 1. 6 2. 7 Infertility/ anestrous control and estrous synchronization technology in bovines Mastitis prevention and therapeutics in bovines Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries IVRI, CSSRI-RRS Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries IVRI, CSSRI-RRS New rural poultry production technology for resource generation and poverty alleviation CSR BIO a bio growth enhancer for increasing productivity of sodic and normal soils Consortia of microbes using VAM in a single multiplication medium for salt affected and normal soils Cost effective and profitable vegetable production in riverbed area Adopted by over 1000 families and fully validated IVRI, CARI, CSSRI-RRS Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries IVRI and CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow CSSRI-RRS, IVRI Adopted and validated. Under process of transfer to industries 77 farmers families in Raebareli and Brabanki districts Use of waste/unutilised land 708 farmers families in Raebareli and and backyards in to profitable Brabanki districts orchard and nutrition garden CISH, CSSRI-RRS, IVRI CISH, CSSRI-RRS, IVRI 8. Patents (Filed/Granted) S. No 1. Title of Patent Mineral Based Technology for Estrous Induction and synchronization. Inventor(s) (Name & Address) Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Harendra Kumar, Filed/Published/Gra nted (No./Date) App. No. 791/DEL/2011, Dated: 22.3.2011. Responsible Consortium IVRI and CSSRI-RRS 2. Low cost multiplication technology of salt tolerant bio-growth enhancers (Bacillus, Pseudomonads & Trichoderma) for increasing productivity of agri-horti crops in normal and sodic soils. 3. Low cost technology for prevention and treatment of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis in bovines. 4. A novel cost effective formulation for induction of natural estrous and synchronization in bovines 5. An innovative media for multiplication of consortia of microbes for biohardening, soil conditioning and growth promotion of agri-hort crops in salt affected and normal soils. G.K. Das, M.C. Sharma Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, R.S. Rathor, R. Kannan, A.P. Srivastava, D.K. Sharma, Vinay Kumar Mishra, S.K. Jha, Vijaya Laxmi Sah Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Jaisunder, V.K. Gupta, Balvir Singh, Sweta Rai, Hamid Ali, R.A. Ram, A.K. Singh Drs R.B. Rai. T Damodaran, Balvir Singh, K Dhama and A.P. Srivastava Drs R.B. Rai. T Damodaran, B. K. App No. 3857/DEL/2012 dated 14.12.2012 CSSRI-RRS and IVRI App No IVRI and CSSRI-RRS 1154/DEL/2013 dated 18.4.2013 Submitted IVRI and CSSRI-RRS Submitted CSSRI-RRS and IVRI Pandey, D.K. Sharma, Vinay Kumar Mishra, A.P. Srivastava Germplasms registered with National Bureau of Agricultural Important Micro-organism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh S.No Scientific name Accession No. NBAIM-Mau Accessions number 1 Bacillus thuringiensis CSR B 3 TB- 1660 2 Bacillus cereus CSR-B-1 TB- 1664 3 Bacillus pumilus CSR-B-2 TB- 1663 4 5 Bacillus sp Oceanobacillus CSR-B-4 CSR-O-1 TB- 1659 TB- 1665 6 Bacillus pumilus CSR-M-12 TB- 1653 7 Bacillus megatarium CSR-M-8 TB- 1654 8 Bacillus coagulans CSR-M-6 TB- 1655 9 Bacillus subtilis CSR-M-16 TB- 1662 10 Bacillus marisflavi CSR-G-4 TB- 1661 11 12 Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis CSR-G-5 CSR-G-1 TB- 1657 TB- 1658 13 Trichoderma harizanum CSR-T-1 TF- 1273 Salt tolerant microbes partial sequences registered with National Centre for Biological Information, (NCBI) Maryland, USA S.No Scientific name Strain Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus cereus Bacillus pumilus Bacillus sp Oceanobacillus Bacillus pumilus Bacillus megatarium Bacillus coagulans Bacillus subtilis Bacillus marisflavi Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma harizanum CSR B 3 CSR-B-1 CSR-B-2 CSR-B-4 CSR-o-1 CSR-M-12 CSR-M-8 CSR-M-6 CSR-M-16 CSR-G-4 CSR-G-5 CSR-G-1 CSR-T-1 NCBI, ID.NO. KF383226 JQ768235 JQ768236 KC433665 KC433666 KC433667 KF382761 JQ768242 KC768636 KC433668 KC433669 JQ740645 JQ764321 9. Linkages and Collaborations S. No. Linkages developed (Name & Address of organization) Date/Period From-To Responsible consortium 1 June 2010 till date IVRI, Bareily 2 Department of Animal Husbandry NABARD May 2013 till date 3 UPUBSN September 2013-14 4 PDSR October 2013 till date 5 NBIAM October 2013 till date 6 NGO November 2013 till date CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily 10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework More emphasis on reduction of pesticides in vegetables and other technologies like use of canoe weeder in seed drill sown paddy which reduces the use of weedicides. More tree plantation of commercial fruit crops in waste lands and lands affected with salinity. Recycling of organic wastes and cow dung for effective crop production. 11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 12. Publications (As per cited in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences) A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals S. No Authors, Title of the paper, Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No. NA AS Rati ngs 6.0 1 Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. Detection of Group-A bovine rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and electropherotyping, Vet. Practitioner 12(1): 133-137 2 Suresh T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. 6.0 Prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli, the main agents responsible for calf diarrhoea , Vet. Practitioner, 13(2): 160-165 Suresh Tamilmani, Rai Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep Dhama, Pradeep Mahadev 6.0 Sawant, Deepak Kumar and Prakash Bhatt (2012) Determination of G and P type diversity of group A rotaviruses and detection of a new genotype from diarrhoeic calves in Northern and Southern states of India. Vet. Practitioner, 13(1): 1-8. 3 4 A. Hansa, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama and M. Yaqoob Wani (2012). ELISA and RT- 7.3 PCR based detection of Bovine Coronavirus in Northern India. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(11): 1120-1129. 5 Hansa, A., Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Wani, M.Y., Saminatahn, M. and Ranganath, 7.1 GJ (2013). Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Vero cell line and its confirmation by direct FAT and RT-PCR. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 16(21): 1342-1347. 6 Dhama K, Mani S, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Kumar A, Selvaraj P and Rai RB 6.9 (2013) Herbal remedies to combat cancers in humans & animals –A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1908-1919. Suresh T, Rai RB, Wani MY, Damodaran T and Dhama K (2013) Detection of 6.9 bovine rotavirus in neonatal calf diarrhea by ELISA, Fat and transmission electron microscopy. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 19351939. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Karikalan M, Singh Rajendra and Rai RB (2013) Global warming and emerging infectious diseases of animals and humans, Current scenario, challenges, solutions and future perspectiveA review. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1942-1958. Rai RB, Damodaran T, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Mani S (2013) Evaluation studies on a tri-sodium citrate based novel formulation for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1959-1962. Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Jha SK, Verma CL, Rai RB, Kannan R, Nayak AK and Dhama K (2013) Management of sub-soil sodicity for sustainable Banana production in sodic soil-An approach. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1930-1934. Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S and Wani MY (2013) Mass evaluation of a mineral based formulation for estrous induction in bovines showing post-parturient anoestrous. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2263-2265. Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S and Wani MY (2013) Development and evaluation of an improved integrated farming system (IFS) for higher profitability and livelihood security in Northern plains of India. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2266-2269. Singh B, Rai RB, Dhama K, Ali H, Damodaran T, Chaktaborty S and Singh AK (2013) Training need areas of poultry farmers and their preference regarding methods, venue, time and period of training. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2279-2282. Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Kumar H (2013) Field evaluation of a concept for opening of small dairy units with negligible cost as a source of livelihood security. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2293-2296. Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Shyma K L (2013) Evaluation of new model of rural poultry production for self employment, livelihood security and poverty alleviation (Model-1). International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2323-2326. Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H and Kumar H (2013) Impact of estrous induction on inter-calving period and economic returns to farmers aiming poverty alleviation in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2289-2292. Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Damodaran, T., Ali, H., Rai, S., Singh, B. and Bhatt, P. 2012. Evaluation of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a poultry feed and its role in poverty alleviation among landless people in northern plains of India. Vet. Practitioner, 13: 25-254 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.0 18 Jha SK, Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Rai RB, Dhama K and Kannan 6.9 R (2013) Solubility enhancement: a potent tool for gypsum dose reduction in sodic soil reclamation. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 26912695. 19 Damodaran T, Rai R, Jha SK, Sharma DK, Misra VK, Dhama K, Singh AK and 6.9 Sah V (2013) Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO - A cost effective, eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer for sustainable crop production. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(4): 158-165. 20 Damodaran T, Rai RB, Jha SK, Dhama K, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Singh AK 6.9 and Dixit H (2013) Impact of CSR BIO - an eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops to small and marginal land holders. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2682-2685 21 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Wani 6.9 MY and Ram RA (2013). An exploratory study on using rural poultry as a source of bio-control agent for plantation and some vegetables. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2625-2627 22 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, B. Singh, M. Saminathan, Sandip Chakraborty, R. Tiwari, R.A. Ram and T. Damodaran (2013) impact of novel low cost technological intervenions on expenditure pattern of landless and sub‐marginal farmers. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 261-267. R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, R.A. Ram, Balvir Singh, R. Tiwari, M. Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Comparative evaluation of crop productivity and profitability under traditional farming and integrated farming system in Northern plains of India. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 220-225. T. Damodaran, V. Sah, R. B. Rai, D. K. Sharma, V.K.Mishra, S. K. Jha and R. Kannan (2013) Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment . African Journal of Microbiology Research. 7 (44): 5082-5089. Rajamani Barathidasan, Rajveer Singh Pawaiya, Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep Dhama (2013) Upregulated Myc Expression in N-Methyl Nitrosourea (MNU)induced Rat Mammary Tumours. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14 (8), 4883-4889. R. Barathidasan, R.V.S. Pawaiya, R.B. Rai,* and K. Dhama (2013) Determination of cell proliferative activity by immnunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in N‐methyl nitrosoureainduced rat mammary tumours. South Asian J Exp Biol; 3 (4): 188-194; 23 24 25 26 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.5 6.9 27 Balvir Singh, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, A. K. Singh, R. Tiwari, Med 6.9 Ram Verma, M. Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Impact of social factors in adoption of fertisure‐1: A cost effective, mineral based infertility control technology for sustainable dairy production. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 232-241 28 Rai, R.B., Ashwni Hansha, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar, A K 4.6 Singh T.Damodaran and K. Dhama , 2011. Prevalence of rota and corona virus infections in calves of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. Indian J. Vet. Path. 35:73-74. 29 Rai, R.B., Shafiqur Rahman, Himanshu Dixit, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra 4.6 Kumar and T.Damodaran, 2011. Analysis of feed ingredients for Afla and T-2 mycotoxins by ELISA in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Vet. Pathol, 35(2):238-240. 30 31 32 Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, Sweta Rai, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. Pathology of rotavirus infection in calves and detection of viral antigen by ELISA and FAT. Indian J. Vet. Path. 35:1-3 4.6 Hansa, A., Rai R.B., Wani, M. Y. and Dhama, K. (2012). Patholology and 4.6 diagnosis of corona virus infection in bovine. Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 36(2): 129135. R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, B. K. Pandey, S. Umamaheswari, R. B. Rai, S. K. Jha,V. K. 7.0 Mishra and D. K. Sharma (2014) Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated to the sodicity tolerant polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.)root stock and growth vigour in rice under saline sodic environment. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 8 (xx):xx-xx 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Damodaran, T., Sah, V., Rai, R. B., Sharma, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Jha S. K., Kannan, R.(2013). Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (4):5082-5089. Kannan, R., Damodaran, T., Rai, R. B., Pandey, B. K., Sharma, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Jha, S. K. and Sah V. (2013). Isolation and biochemical characterization of Endophytic bacteria from salt tolerant polyembryonic root stock. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(4):DOI-5752-5759 Damadaran, T., Rai, R.B., Jha,S.K., Kannan,R., Pandey,B.K., Sah,V., Mishra,V.K., Sharma,D.K. (2013) Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladioulus grown in sodic soils. Journal of Plant Interaction, DOI:10.1080/17429145.2013.873958 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, D.K.Sharma, V.K.Misra, B.K.Pandey, Prabat Kumar, S.K. Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2011. Utilization of native bioagents as bioregulators to improve growth, flower quality and vase life of gladiolus. Ind. J. Hort. 366/2/12 Damodaran, T., Rajan, Shailendra ., Kumar, Ram ., Sharma, D.K., Misra, V.K., Jha,S.K. , Rai., R.B. (2013). Post-tsunami collection of polyembryonic mango diversity from andaman islands and their ex situ reaction to high sodium in sodic soil. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 15(1): 21-25. 7.0 7.0 7.2 6.0 4.5 R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, R.P. Methi, G. Kapil dev, R.B. Rai and S. Umamaheshwari 2.5 (2012). Genetic Diversity of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) Clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Characterized by Biochemical Markers. Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research 30(2): 65-69. B. Rai, M K Singh, A.K. Dixit and R B Rai (2013) Livelihood security through improved goat rearing practices under field conditions. Indian Journal of small Ruminants 19 (2): 198-201 Kumar, H., Neeru Bhooshan, Barman, P. and Patra, M. K. (2010) Economics of hormonal treatments on estrus induction and fertility in anestrus buffaloes under rural conditions. Indian J. of Vet. Research 19 (1):8-12 H. Kumar, N.Bhoosan, R.S.Das and S. Nandi (2012).Supplementation of area 6.6 specific mineral mixture improves the reproductive performance in buffaloes-a field study. Indian J.Anim.Science 82(10):130-32. 42 H. Kumar, N.Bhooshan,R.S.Dass and ,A.K.Garg (2013).Effect of treatment of 6.6 immunomodulators on recovery and conception rate in endometritic buffaloes. Indian J.Anim.Science 83(2) :21-24. 43 Rafiqul Islam, Kumar, H., Sukdeb Nandi, R. B. Rai (2013). Determination of 7.7 anti- inflammatory cytokine in periparturient cows for prediction of postpartum reproductive diseases. Theriogenology 79 (2013) 974-79. 44 Kumar,H., Singh B.,Goswami,T.K., and Rawat,M. (2013). Use of Neem Preparations for the Treatment of Endometritis in cows. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1(6):194-196. 45 Rafiqul Islam, Kumar,H., Nandi,S., Mehrotra,S. (2013). Circulatory level of interleukin – 1 in periparturient cows with or without postpartum reproductive diseases. Asia Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013, 2(4) 316-320. B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc. S. No Authors, Title of the papers Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher, Year, Page No. Invited/ contributed papers R.B.Rai, T.Damodaran, and Shweta Rai. 2011. Livestock based spcialized integrated farming system for livelihood security and self employment in island ecosystem- Issues related to livelihood, sustainable development and climate change. In: International conference tropical islands ecosystems held on date 23-26 march 2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 80-85-Lead Paper 2 T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.Kannan R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra, D.K. Sharma and N.K. Verma, 2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction of abiotic tolerance in Mango clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Global Conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow 3 R.B.Rai, T. Damodaran, R.A. Ram, Harendra Kumar, Balvir Singh and Sweta Rai, 2011. Integration of mango orchards with livestock for reducing biotic and abiotic stresses and optimizing profitability. Global Conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow 4 R B Rai, Sweta Rai, Amit Kumar and Pankaj Kumar (2011) Livestock based farming system for livelihood security and rural poverty elevation". 5th National Seminor on “Multi-Sectoral Innovations for Rural Prosperity” organized by Mobilization Society in association with NDRI, (19-21, May,2011) at Karnal R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Sweta Rai and R.A. Ram, 2011. Sustainable 5 livelihood security for small farm holder in Northen plains of India. X Agricultural Science Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011) organized by NAAS in collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR, Lucknow 6 7 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K. Pandey, V.K. Misra, D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram, R. Kannan and Himanshu Dixit, 2011 Technology of banana cultivation with subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry-A boon to marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. X Agricultural Science Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011) organized by NAAS in collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR, Lucknow T.Damodaran, A.K.Nayak, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharma, C.L.Verma, B.K. Pandey, S.K.Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2010. Strategies for management of subsoil sodicity for commercial cultivation of banana in the salt affected soils of Uttar Pradesh. In: Global conference on banana held on dated 10-13 December, 2010 at NRC banana, Tiruchi; pp.73 8 T. Damodaran, R.B. Rai, D.K. Sharma, V.K. Misra, Balvir Singh, Himanshu Dixit, R.Kannan and S.K. Jha. 2010. Development of eco-friendly technologies by utilization of native isolates of endophytes with commercial bioregulators to increase the yield and vase life of gladioulus. In: Fourth International conference held on dated 8-11 December,2010 at NBRI, Lucknow; pp.173-174 9 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K.Pandey, V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, R.A.Ram, R.Kannan, and Himanshu Dixit. 2011. Technology of banana cultivation with subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry- A boon to marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. In: Xth Agricultural science Congress held on dated 10-12 February,2011 at NBFGR, Lucknow; pp. 92-93 10 T.Damodaran, R.Kannan, Israr Ahmad, M.Sankaran and V.Damodaran. 2011. Strategies for exploitation of the biodiversity in mango (Mangifera indica l.) and coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) as a livelihood option in the Bay islandsIssues related to livelihood, sustainable development and climate change. In: International conference tropical islands ecosystems held on date 23-26 march 2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 149-150. 11 T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.B. Rai, R.Kannan, V.K.Misra and D.K.Sharma. 2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction of abiotic tolerance in Mango clones of Andaman clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In: Global conference on Augumentying Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, held from 21-24th June 2011 at CISH, Lucknow, India pp. 65-66 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharmaand R.Kannan. 2011. Specialized Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Livelihood Generation. In: National Seminar on Biotechnological Interventions in Green Technology 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 for Sustainable Agriculture held on 21-24th September 2011 at M.S.University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. Kumar Harendra (2011) Cytokines in uterine defense mechanism with special reference to their applications as a diagnostic marker for sub-clinical endometritis. 27th Annual Conference of ISAR, Sep. 27-29, Aizol, Mizoram-Lead paper. Hamid Ali, R.B. Rai, Balvir Singh ,T. Damodaran and Sweta Rai (2012) New Rural poultry production technology for resource generation and poverty alleviation. National Conference on Demonstrated Options for Improved Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of India”Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21,2012) R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran and A.P. Srivastava (2012) Specialized Integrated farming System (SIFS) to ensure better livelihood security of landless and small farmers aiming poverty alleviation. National Conference on Demonstrated Options for Improved Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of India”Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21, 2012) (lead paper). Ali H., Singh D P and Rai R B (2011) Integration of traditional backyard poultry with horticulture for symbiotic effects. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and B. Singh (2011) livelihood security through family poultry production system for small scale or landless farmers. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and A.Y. Revagade (2011) Role of family poultry farming in supplementing income and nutritional security in Raebareli and Barabanki. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna H. Ravishankar and R.A. Ram (2011). Dynamics of potential organic persuasions for sustainable mango (Mangifera indica L.) culture. Global Conference on Augmenting Production and Utilization of mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp 93-101. R.A.Ram, Atul Singha and S.R. Bhriguvanshi (2011). Response of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali. Global conference on augmenting production and utilization of mango: Biotic and abiotic stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp-100-101. R.A.Ram and Atul Singha (2012). Organic farming for sustaining yield, quality and soil fertility in guava production . Global Conference on “Horticulture for Food, Nutrition and a livelihood option, 28-31 May, OUAT, Bhubneswar, pp- 199-200. 22 R. A. Ram, Atul Singha and Kailash Kumar (2012). Evaluation of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali. 5th Indian Horticulture Congress, November 6-9, 2012. PAU, Ludhiana, 96p. 23 B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2012). Livelihood security through integrated goat farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of Uttar Pradesh. In: National Seminar on Livelihood options for small and marginal farmers in fragile eco-systems, held at ICAR NEH Complex, Shillong on 0910th August, 2012. pp 65. 24 B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar H. Dixit and R.B.Rai (2012). Goat based IFS modules for food security and economic gains: A field experience. In: National Seminar of ISSGPU on “Future Challenges and opportunities to improve health and production of Small Ruminants” held at CIRG,Makhdoom, Mathura on 22-23rd December, 2012. pp 175-76. 25 B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2013). Impact of Sirohi goats in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. In: XthNational Symposium on Integrated development of vast biodiversity of indigenous livestock for long term rural livelihood security held at GBPUA&T,Pantnagar on 7-8 Feb,2013. pp.284 26 B. Rai, Ashok Kumar and M.K. Singh,(2011). Intervention of Goats and Goat based technologies for improving livelihood security in Barabanki and Raebarelly Districts of U.P. In: National Symposium of ISAPM on “Emerging management concepts for Sustainable livestock and Poultry Production” at GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab on 02-04th November, 2011. pp 259. 27 B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar and R.B. Rai (2012) Milch breed of goat as an intervention to increase food and livelihood security in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. IX National symposium of SOCDAB Society held at BAIF , Pune Campus on 24-25 February,2012 pp 223-224. 28 B.Rai, Ravindra Kumar, N.Ramachandra ,H.Dixit and R.B.Rai (2014) Village based feeding system in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. National Seminar of ISAPM on New dimensional approaches for livestock and profitability enhancement under era of climate change held at COVS, Anand on 28-30 January,2014. Books T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra,D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai and Harendra Kumar, 2011. Integrated Farming System & Livelihood Security – An Approach. Published by CSSRI, Karnal, pp 1-108. Harendra Kumar, S. Nandi and R.B. Rai, 2011. Common Reproductive Problems in Bovines and Canines. Published by New India Publishing Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi.pp1-116. Bulletins R.B.Rai, T.Damoderan, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar D.P.Singh, B.Rai and Tushar Singh, 2011. Agricultural Technologies for livelihood-Brief Introduction (In Hindi). Published by Agri-Plus International. Pp1-25. R.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Low input agricultural technologies for better profitability and poverty alleviation R.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS) for enhanced profitability to small land holders. R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali & S D Singh, 2011. Recent tools and techniques safeguarding poultry health and productivity R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali & S D Singh, 2011. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis in poultry V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, Shefali Srivastava, A.K.Nayak, T.Damodaran, C.S.Singh, S.K.Jha C.l.Verma, A.K.Nayak and Md.Shahabudin(2011), Usar bhumi mein ghehue ki upaj per taapman aiwan versha ka prabhav tatha prabardhan, Central soil salinity Research Institute, RRS, Lucknow, UP. P-12 Technical articles 1 R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011), fcuk iwath Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke Livestock Technology (publised in June issue) 2. R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011), Dairy as self employment venture : Problems and perspectives (2011), Livestock Technology 3. K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011) Foot-andmouth disease: an economically important disease of animals (2011), Livestock Technology (August 2011 Issue) 4 K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011), i'kqvksa dh [kqjidk&eq[kidk chekjh & fdlkuksa ds fy, vfHk’kki. Livestock Technology 5. R.A.Ram (2011). Barabanki avam Raebareli janpadoan mein pashupalan adharit samaniwit krishi pranali dwara kishanoa ki ajevika hetu sarvangeer prayas, Smarika, Khalihan mein vigyan sangosthi, organized by Adarsh Sivanjali Shiksha Niketan, Basti, U.P., 15-16th June, pp 51-56. 6. R.A.Ram (2012). Jaivik Khad, Padhatian avam unka amrood ke Jaivik utpadan mein prayog. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):35-39. 7. R.A.Ram, R.B. Rai and T. Damodaran (2013). Barabanki avam Raebareli janpadoan mein pshupalan adharait samketik pranali dwara kisanoan ki ajeevika suraksha hetu sarvangeen prayas. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):16-27. 8. R.A.Ram (2013). Manav avam paryavaran surakhsha hetu phal avam sabjion ka Jaivik utpadan. Udyan Rasmi, 14 (1): 87-93. Folders 1 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali (2011) [kqjidk&eqgidk chekjh ¼,Q,eMh½ & i'kqvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ jksx 2 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali (2011) Ik’kq LokLF; ,oa mRikn ij dod ¼QQwanh½ tfur fo”kksa ¼ekbdksVkWfDlu½ dk izHkko ,oa tuLokLF; dh n`f”V ls budk egRo 3 vkj-ch-jk;] gkfen vyh] 'osrk jk;] Vh- nkeksnju] dqynhi /kkek] vfer deqkj] fot;ky{eh 'kkg xjhch mUewyu ds fy, xzkeh.k eqxhZ ikyu ,d vPNk fodYi 4 Mk- vkj ch jk;] Mk-'osrkjk;] Mk- dqynhi /kkek] Mk- Vh nkeksnju] fcuk iwath Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke Monographs 5. Aam Utpadan evam Pravandhan, (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow 6. Bael Utpadan ki Vagyanik Tachnique, (R.K. Pathak & Devendra Pande), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow 7. Javik Krishi (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow 8. Aonla Utpadan (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow 1.R.B. Rai, K Dhama, T Damodaran, Sweta Rai, Vinay Verma, Balvir Singh & Hamid Ali (2011) Integrated Farming System and Livelihood Security 2. R.B. Rai, K Dhama, Harendra Kumar, T. Damodaran, M. Yaqoob Wani, Mannuals E-publication Balvir Singh & Hamid Ali (2011) Factors influencing breeding efficiency and management of dairy animals for maximum reproductive performance 1. Livelihood security for resource poor farmer through progressive farming of vegetable and flowers 2. Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through integrated interventions of vegetable at Tera village of Raebareli district 3. Economic security for riverbed farmers through integrated interventions in vegetables 4. Commercial Banana production-A boon to small and marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood 5. Livelihood Security through livestock based farming system for small land holders in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh 6. Livelihood Security through integration of low input technologies for small land holders of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh 7. Sansadhan heen krishako ke arthik aujivika surakshh hetu sasadhano ka uchit upyog thatha phool evam sabjio ki unnatsheel kheti 8. Mannual of Javik Krishi 1. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Mycotoxicosis in Livestock and Poultry: An Overview 2. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Avian diseases transmissible to humans: (Zoonotic Diseases of poultry) 3. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Diversified Poultry Production: The Perspectives 4. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Probiotics in Poultry Production and Health – Growth promoters, Immune-enhancers and Combating Infectious Diseases: The Perspectives 5. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Aflatoxins and aflatoxicosis-impact on animal health and production 6. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Strategies for promoting poultry farming in rural areas: health care and managemental tips for socio-economic development of farmers 7. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Ik’kq jksxksa dh tkap o fu;U=.k ds {ks= esa fodflr gksrs u;s vk;ke Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) 13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated S. No CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc. (Year wise) No. of copies 1. Video film (Hindi), 100 2. Video film (English), 100 3. Integrated intervention of innovative technology for livelihood security. (Hindi) 100 Distribution Loaded on You tube Loaded on You tube Loaded on You tube 14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Date Title 16.06.09 Seed selection and nursery management for paddy 24.06.09 Planting technique for paddy 14.07.09 Training on mango, aonla, bel, 15.07.09 guava cultivation 14.09.09 Awareness on animal health 17.09.09 Infertility and repeat breeder camp 12.10.09 Training on banana cultivation 13.10.09 practices 25.11.09 26.11.09 21.12.09 22.12.09 Zero tillage technique for wheat Training on vermi composting, biocomposting, NADEEP technique Training on poultry Training on pig and goat farming Training on apiculture, vegetables and drip irrigation Livelihood security for resource poor farmers through resource conservation and cultivation of flowers and vegetables Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination Training on “Jaivik Krishi” 9 10 20.01.10 20.03.10 11 27.03.10 12 16.07.10 17.07.10 13 26.07.10 31.07.10 14 7.09.10 8.09.10 14.09.10 Training on management of banana with suitable intercrops 24.09.10 Awareness programme on integration of poultry with crop components 8.10.10 Training on organic farming 9.10.10 technologies 10.02.11 Training on “Integrated 11.02.11 Farming system” 22.02.11 Training on “ Jaivik Krishi” 23.02.11 Training of “ Diagnosis, control and prevention in plant 15 16 17 18 19 20 Days in numbers 1 Target Group Total Male Female 20 5 25 1 2 25 40 10 10 35 50 1 1 40 33 10 8 50 41 2 22 5 27 2 20 5 25 2 30 15 45 1 1 35 30 12 5 37 35 1 50 15 65 2 50 2 35 2 58 1 30 1 25 2 35 2 54 2 46 49 21 22 23 24 25 11.4.11 12.4.11 30.4.11 2.5.11 5.6.11 14.6.11 26 25.6.11 27 1.7.11 28 29 16.7.11 5.8.11 30 17.09.11 31 19.09.11 32 10.10.11 33 04.11.11 05.11.11 15.11.11 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 disease” Training for summer vegetable cultivation for livelihood Training on organic farming Training on organic farming Training for sodic land farmer Training on banana cultivation and management Training on horticultural plant and organic farming Training on pest and disease management Training on horticulture Training for Women empowerment Training on Banana and Biodynamics Training on Vegetables and Banana Training on Sodic land cultivation Awareness on animal health and Veterinary camp Meeting of Sodic land farmers regarding wheat cultivation Trivediganj 2 55 Tera Trivediganj Lalganj Trivediganj 1 1 1 1 38 45 20 60 Trivediganj 1 70 Haidergarh 1 55 Haidergarh Trivediganj 1 1 50 40 Tera 1 28 7 35 Haidergarh 1 30 10 40 Lalganj 1 28 10 38 Trivediganj Lalganj Lalganj 2 40 10 50 1 33 8 41 52 5 57 18.11.11 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 19.11.11 and Masticure Trivediganj 11.12.11 Training on Integrated 12.12.11 Farming system 23.12.11 Training on vermi composting, biocomposting. NADEEP technique 24.01.12 Training on poultry Trivediganj Lalganj Tera 2 20 5 25 1 30 15 45 Trivediganj 1 35 12 47 30.01.12 Kisan Gosthi 31.01.12 13.02.12 Training on the uses and application of CSR-BIO 28.02.12 Livelihood security for 29.02.12 resource poor farmers through resource conservation and cultivation of flowers and vegetables 14.03.12 Training on Poultry 07.04.12 Training on Goat Rearing 24.04.12 Training on vegetable trivediganj and tera Trivediganj 2 30 5 35 1 59 14 73 Tera and Trivediganj 2 42 10 52 Trivediganj Trivediganj Tera 1 1 1 23 21 20 07 06 35 28 26 2 Lalganj 12 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 cultivation at river bed farmers 23.05.12 Awareness on animal health 24.05.12 and Veterinary camp 01.06.12 Training on management of banana with suitable intercrops 26.06.12 Training on Integrated Farming 27.06.12 System 13.07.12 Training on Integrated Farming System 27.07.12 Training on horticulture 23.08.12 Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination 16.09.12 Training on farm management 18.09.12 Training on Goat Farming 05.10.12 Training on organic farming 11.10.12 Training on women 12.10.12 empowerment and integrated farming system 14.10.12 Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system 31.10.12 Training on goat farming 23.11.12 Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system 12.12.12 Training on the uses and 13.12.12 application of CSR-BIO 26.12.12 Training on apiculture, vegetables and drip irrigation 07.01.13 Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system 02.02.13 Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination 18.02.13 Training on hatchery and 19.02.13 animal health management work 21.02.13 Training on sodic land reclamation 04.03.13 Training on floriculture and Biofertilizer 05.04.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 Trivediganj Tera Trivediganj 2 32 10 42 1 50 15 65 Trivediganj 2 45 20 65 Haidergarh 1 23 13 36 Trivediganj 1 26 12 38 Haidergarh 1 39 04 43 Shivari Farm Trivediganj 1 1 35 20 05 09 40 29 Tera Trivediganj 1 2 36 12 07 34 43 46 Tera 1 16 34 50 Lalganj Haidergarh 1 1 23 10 05 21 28 31 Haidergarh Trivediganj Tera 2 49 12 61 1 30 07 37 Lalganj 1 14 32 46 Lalganj 1 32 03 35 Trivedignaj 2 47 08 55 Gauriganj 1 68 13 81 Trivediganj 1 34 10 44 Trivediganj 1 59 13 72 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 and Masticure 20.04.13 Training on the uses and application of CSR-BIO 16.05.13 Training on Banana and horticulture Plant 31.05.13 Training on Organic Farming 01.06.13 and Biofertilizers 27.06.13 Training on increasing crop production using CSR-BIO 23.07.13 Awareness programme on integration of poultry with crop components 06.08.13 Training on “Jaivik Krishi” 04.09.13 Training on management of banana with suitable intercrops 11.10.13 Training on Egg Production 22.11.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 23.11.13 and Masticure 07.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 and Masticure 12.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 2 Fields day/CAC visits/ Kishan Gosthi Stocks holder meeting Interface meeting Tera 1 45 12 57 Trivedignaj 1 32 14 46 Trivediganj 2 48 10 58 Haidergarh 1 34 04 39 Lalganj 1 23 05 28 Trivediganj Haidergarh 1 1 35 24 07 05 42 29 Trivedignaj Haidergarh Lalganj Tera 1 2 23 58 10 15 33 73 1 47 12 59 Tera 1 250 43 11 54 5240 15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc. S. No Details of Meetings/Seminars/ Trainings/Radio talk, etc.(Name &Address) 1 Usar me kela ki keti (A.I.R) Usar me kela ki keti (Doordarshan) 2 3 16. Foreign Trainings/Visits: NA Duration (From-To) Budget (Rs.) Participant (Name & Address) 13-9-12 - Dr.T.Damodaran 22-2-13 - Dr.T.Damodaran 17. Performance Indicators Appendix-1 18. Employment Generation (man-days/year) S. No. 1. 2. 3. Type of employment generation Employment generation up to end of sub-project Cost effective and profitable vegetable production in riverbed area Organic farming in fruits and vegetables 100 (family member) 100 family member) Use of waste/unutilized land and backyards in to profitable orchard and nutrition garden 50 family member) 19. Assets Generated (Details to be given on equipments and works undertaken in the sub-project) (i) Equipment S. No. Name of the equipment with manufacturers name, model and Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Year of purchase Quantity Total cost Responsible (Nos.) (Rs.) consortium Laser Printer (color) 2009 Konica Minolta page Pro 4650 EN, resolution in dpi: Mono 600 x 600 Digital Copier cum printer 2009 with trolley, Toshiba, RAM 16 mb, by pass 50 sheet Digital Camera, make Soni 2009 1 0.55 IVRI 1 0.99 IVRI 1 0.19 IVRI Desktop Computers, HCL infiniti series Laptop notebook, ultra portable low voltage configuration make 2510P Pathological binocular microscopes , Model Ajay Optical Research Binocular Microscope, Model Ajay 2009 2 0.38 IVRI 2009 1 0.84 IVRI 2009 3 0.20 IVRI 2009 1 0.40 IVRI Optical micro scan 20 1 0.89 IVRI 9. BOD Incubator, temp. – to 2010 450 C Conductivity Meter 2010 4 0.18 IVRI 10. pH Meter 2010 1 0.15 IVRI 11. Pocket pH Meter 2010 3 0.15 IVRI 12. 1 0.14 IVRI 1 0.12 IVRI 14. Refrigerator, Make LG 2010 Capacity 240 lit. Microwave Oven, Make 2010 LG, Capacity 26 lit. Electronic Balance 2010 1 0.99 IVRI 15. UPS, 1 KVA 2010 1 0.09 IVRI 16. Projection Screen (6’x4’) with stand Laminar Flow , size 900x600x900 mm complete with HEPA Filter Refrigerated Centrifuge with double rotors, 16000 RCF:17600g and other features Multimedia Projector, model IN-105, make infacus MLXI Microscope with plan infinity optics (Trinocular version) magnus MLXI-TR (with halogen light illuminator) magnus color imaging (CCTV) system model Deep Freezer, vertical model, make chemical & Scientific instruments, Multiseeder 2010 1 0.06 IVRI 2011 2 1.23 IVRI 2011 1 1.13 IVRI 2011 1 0.95 IVRI 2011 1 2.14 IVRI 2011 1 1.30 IVRI 2011 2 0.34 IVRI Refrigerator, Double door, 2013 290 lit, Make LG Setter cum Hatcher, Auto 2013 controlled Diesel Generator Set, make 2013 Swaraj, 7.5 H.P. CO2 Incubator 2013 1 0.23 IVRI 1 2.70 IVRI 1 0.53 IVRI 1 4.45 IVRI Office Table, size 6’x3’ 2010 with one side drawers Executive chairs 2010 1 0.16 IVRI 1 0.01 IVRI 8. 13. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Office chairs with cushion 2010 4 0.03 IVRI 30. Etrex H GPS System 2009 1 0.078 CISH 31. PC with printer 2010 1 0.7428 CISH 32. Digital Camera 2011 1 0.2175 CISH 33. PC with Printer 2010 1 0.40 35. 1 0.38565 36. HP Pavilion Core2Duo 2009 Computer HP Laser jet printer 2009 Agri-plus international (NGO) CIRG 1 0.17608 CIRG 37. HP Scanjet G2410 2009 1 0.03780 CIRG 38. 2009 1 0.09377 CIRG 2011 1 0.29000 CSSRI-RRS 2013 1 6.06040 CSSRI-RRS 2013 1 0.67200 CSSRI-RRS 2014 1 5.51565 CSSRI-RRS 2014 1 1.80128 CSSRI-RRS 2014 1 9.32500 CSSRI-RRS 45. Sony Cybershot digital Camera Refrigerator (Blue Star) M/s Omega Biotech Lucknow Fermentor M/s IIC Industrial Corporation, Kolkata Autoclave Vertical Make-Jindal (S.M. Scientific Instruments Pvt. Ltd.) Growth Chamber (Viometra, Sonar make) Incubator Shaker, Model OS-18 LN Gradient PCR with electrophoresis and gel documentation unit, ModelMastercycler nexus gradient, Geni make, vilber Doc print VX2 Office Almirah 2009 2 0.1950 CARI 46. Book Self 2009 2 0.15700 CARI 47. File cabinet 2009 1 0.0780 CARI 48. Digital Camera 2011 1 0.1850 CARI 49. Pocket scale electronic balance 10 mg to 250mg Jeweler scale electronic balance 10 mg to 250 mg Kitchen scale electronic balance 0.5 gm to 600 gm Counter scale electronic balance 5 gm to 5 kg 2011 2 0.1540 CARI 2011 1 0.19500 CARI 2011 1 0.12900 CARI 2011 2 0.12900 CARI 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 50. 51. 52. 53. 1 0.37080 CARI 1 0.0780 CARI 55. Desktop computer P.C. Intel 2011 V Prop with Microsoft window 07 UPS APC make model No- 2011 BR 1100CI PC with printer 2010 1 SSP 56. Digital Camera 2010 1 SSP 57. LN2 cylinders (cryocans) 11.0 lit.-2 nos. 1.5 lits – 4 nos. 2011 54. (ii) 0.78873 IVRI Works S. No. Particulars of the work, Year of Quantity Total name and address of work done (Nos.) cost agency awarded the work (Rs.) Responsible consortium 1. Laboratory Renovation 2011-12 1 99000 2. 3. SSP-NGO 2011-12 Renovation of laboratory, 2011-12 M/s Unik Interiors and general order supplier 13, Ashok Marg, Lucknow Agri Pluse-International, 2011-12 NGO 1 1 105875 143000 Division of Pathology, IVRI SSP-NGO CISH, Lucknow 1 50000 4. Agri PluseInternational, NGO (iii) Revenue Generated (Details may be given on revenue generated in the sub-project viz., sale of seeds, farm produce, products, patents, commercialization, training, etc.) S. No. Source of revenue Year 1. CSR BIO a bio growth enhancer 2012-2014 Total amount (Rs.)up to March, 2014 2.27 lakhs 2. Fartisure/Masticure 2013-2014 0.1 lakhs 3. Technology commercialization (5) 9.0 lakhs 4. Sustainability funds 3.84 lakhs (iv) Livestock (Details of livestock procured/produced in the sub-project) S. No. Details of Year of livestock (Breed, procurement/production etc.) Nos. Total cost (Rs.) Responsible consortium 20. Awards and Recognitions S. No. Name, Designation, Address of the person Award/ Recognition (with date) 1. Dr. R.B. Rai 2. Project Team L.C. Sikka Endowment NAAS, India Award (2011-2012) Award of appreciation by NAIP/ICAR NAIP/ ICAR(2012) to the sub-project 3. T. Damodaran Best Paper Award (2012) et al 4. Dr. Damodaran 5. R.B. Rai et al 6. Dr. R.B. Rai 7. Dr. R.B. Rai 8. Dr. T. Damodaran 9. Dr. R.A. Ram T. Fellow Society of Applied Biotechnology (FSAB) Best Poster Presentation (2012), Seminar on Contribution of IVRI & CARI on Advancement of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Production. Fellowship “Bioved Society” Fellowship NAAS Institution/ Society facilitating (Name & Address) Society of Applied Biotechnology, India Society of Applied Biotechnology (FSAB) IVRI & CARI Responsible consortium CPI All Team members CSSRI-RRS CSSRI-RRS IVRI & CARI Bioved Society IVRI NAAS Best poster Award in CISH, National seminar on Lucknow “Mango Biodiversity” 2nd best poster award to CISH, research article “Response Lucknow of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali” presented in Global conference on augmenting production and utilization of mango: Biotic and IVRI CSSRI-RRS CISH, Lucknow abiotic stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow 21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability: Rs. 3.80 lakhs 22. Possible Future Line of Work (Comments/suggestions of CPI regarding possible future line of work that may be taken up arising out of this sub-project) Work on bio-enhancers needs to be continued We developed new concepts for anestrous and mastitis control and theses aspects needs further research work for further improvements. Work on developing cheaper therapeutic measure against endometritis/ repeat breeding is under validation and needs conclusion. Initial work with satisfactory results on poultry bio-growth enhancers was carried out but could not be concluded/ validation SIFS and rural poultry production opened new approach and needs further work for continuous improvements 23. Personnel (Staff of Lead Centre & Partner-wise, their Name, Designation, Discipline and Duration) From – To (DD/MM/YYYY) Research Management (CL) 1. Dr. S.P.S. Ahlawat 1. Dr. R.S. Chauhan 2. Dr. Dharmeshwer Das 3. Dr. M.C. Sharma 4. Dr. Gaya Prasad 5. Dr. R.K.Singh Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others) 6. Dr. R.B.Rai, CPI 7. Dr. Harendra Kumar, Co-PI 8. Dr. K. Dhama, Co-PI 9. Dr. R.V.S. Pawaiya Co-PI 10. Dr. R.S. Rathor Co-PI 11. Dr. T. Damodaran CCPI 12. Dr. B.K. Pandey Co-PI 13. Dr. R.A. Ram CCPI 14. Dr. D.P. Singh CCPI 2009- 2014 2009- 2014 2010- 2014 2009-2010 2010-2013 2009- 2014 2009-2014 2009- 2014 2009- 2014 15. Dr.B. Rai CCPI 16. Dr. S.K. Jha Co-PI 17. Mr. Tushar Singh CCPI (NGO) 18. Mr. Sunil Mishra CCPI (NGO) Technical Nil Contractual 19. Dr. Balvir Singh RA 20. Dr. Sweta Rai RA 21. Shri A.K. Singh SRF 22. Shri R. Kannan RA 23. Shri Himanshu Dixit SRF 24. Shri Hamid Ali SRF 25. Miss Vijaya Laxmi Sah 26. Shri Subhash Yadav 27. Miss. Sudeepta Mishra 28. Shri Deepak Saxsena 29. Dr. Pawan Upadhya 30. Dr. Shivendra Pathak 31. Dr. Vinay Verma 32. Dr. Pushkar 33. Dr. Subhas Yadava 2009- 2014 2012-2014 2009- 2012 2009- 2012 2009-2014 2009- 2014 2009- 2014 2009- 2014 2009- 2014 2010-2014 2011-2014 2009-2011 2013-2014 23. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.) S. No. 2. Committee Name CAC Dr. Chairman Members (From-To) (From-To) Sushil Director, NDRI Kumar, Ex- Dr.S.K.Dwivedi, Ex-Director, NRCE, Hissar , Expert Scientist Member Dr. R.K.Singh, Director, IVRI, Izatnagar , Bareilly, Member Dr. A.P. Srivastava, National CoOrdinator (Component-3), Member Smt. Vandana Singh, Social Worker Dr. R.B.Rai, Consortium Principal Investigator, Member Secretary A. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.) S. No. Details of the meeting Date 1. CAC 24.7.09 Place & Address (Where meeting was organized) CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 2. CAC 23.04.10 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 3. CAC 18.10.10 BHU, Varanasi 4. CAC 4.3.11 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 5. CAC 27.8.11 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 6. CAC 31.3.12 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 7. CAC 11.7.12 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 8. CAC 18.3.13 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 9. CAC 19.10.13 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow 10. CAC 21.3.14 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow Part-III: Budget and its Utilization STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE (Period from April 2009 to2014) Sanction Letter No. NAIP(SRLS-III)3rd Call-6/2008 Total Sub-project Cost Rs._______________ Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs._______________ Date of Commencement of Sub-project ___________________ Duration: From __________________to ___________________ (DD/MM/YYYY) Funds Received in each year I Year Rs___________________ II Year Rs__________________ III Year Rs. _________________ Bank Interest received on fund (if any) Rs. _________________ Total amount received Rs. _________________ Total expenditure Rs. _________________ Expenditure Head-wise: Sanctioned Heads Funds Alloca ted (*) Funds Released 1st 2nd 3rd Year Year Year Expenditure Incurred 1st 2nd 3rd Year Year Year Total Expend iture Balanc e as on date Requirement of additional funds Remark s A. Recurring Contingencies (1) TA (2) Workshops (3) Contractual Services/RA/SRF Sub-Total of A (1-4) B. HRD Component (5) Training (6) Consultancy Sub-Total of B (5-6) C. Non-Recurring (7) Equipment (8) Furniture (9) Works (new renovation) (10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.) Sub-Total of C (7-10) D. Institutional Charges* Grand Total (A+B+C+D) * Institutional charges will be 10% of the recurring contingencies for the Lead Consortium and 5% for Consortia Partners. Name & Signature of CPI : Name & Signature of Competent Financial authority: Date:__________ Date:_________ PART-IV: DECLARATION This is to certify that the final report of the Sub-project has been submitted in full consultation with the consortium partners as per the approved objectives and technical programme and the relevant records, note books; materials are available for the same. Place:_________ Date:_________ Signature of Consortium Principal Investigator Signature & Date Consortium Co-Principal Investigator Signature & Date Consortium Co-Principal Investigator Signature & Date Consortium Co-Principal Investigator Signature & Date Consortium Co-Principal Investigator Signature & Comments of Consortium Leader Date: Appendix-1 Performance Indicators for Component-3 Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Indicator Number of new technologies developed and introduced in the project area Number of improved technologies introduced in project areas Number of improved technologies adopted in these areas Number of farmers involved in consortia activities Increase in agriculture services and processing enterprises in project area 6 Increase in income of participating household (Rs/Annum) 7 Number of farmer groups involved in consortia activities 8 Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH) 9 No. of farmers/area in addition to project beneficiary farmers adopting introduced technologies 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed based on NAIP research Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published based on NAIP research Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas Success stories Amount of sustainability fund corpus created (Rs. Lakh) Publications NAAS rated journals Other journals Book Popular Article (English) Newspaper Article Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings Technical Bulletin Manual Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation CDs/Videos Popular article in other Language (Hindi) Folder/Leaflet/Handout Report/Annual/Stakeholders/Agribusiness Total No. 14 15 15 5940 Baseline Final 3 18 Baseline Final Rs.14000 Baseline 62 Farmers (Nos) 1630 3 filed, 2 submitted 13 Nil 17 3.84 lakhs 35 10 2 8 7 8 6 8 28 3 4 10 7 Final 185 Area (ha) 1250 ha General Instructions and Guidelines 1) The CPI will send the consolidated report to PIU-NAIP after compiling the progress reports received from all the consortium partners. The report should also list the constraints (if any) being faced by consortia partners. 2) The Final Report should not be a mere repetition of Annual Reports. The purpose of the final report is to link all findings from the sub-project so that the overall achievements are discussed in terms of scientific accomplishments, contributions to scientific, human capital development, the relevance of findings to development, and how the information technology is to be disseminated. 3) The Executive Summary should review and summarize the entire Sub-project. The Executive Summary should clearly place sub-project accomplishments in the overall context of agricultural development. 4) Summary in Hindi (1-2 pages) must be included. 5) Final Report should be of A-4 size and the total number of pages must not exceed 50-60 in any case. 6) Following colour schemes to be used for cover page (front & back) by sub-projects under different components Component-1: Light Orange #F79646 Component-2: Light Pink Component-3: Light Green Component-4: Light Blue #FF99CC #33CC33 #66CCFF 7) Ten hard bound printed copies of Completion Report shall be submitted. Soft copy of the completion report should be sent in the CD. 8) CPIs must strictly follow the guidelines while composing and printing the sub-project Final Report.