CURTIN CORROSION ENGINEERING
INDUSTRY CENTRE
Laboratory Safety
Induction and
Handbook
Faculty of Science and Engineering
School of Chemical and Petroleum
Engineering
GPO Box U1987
Perth, W A 6845
Tel | +61 8 9266 7272
Fax | +61 8 9266 2300
W eb | corrosion.curtin.edu.au
Area:
General Corrosion Laboratories in Building 614
Document Title:
Laboratory Safety Induction and Handbook
Brief description:
This handbook outlines health and safety guidelines of the corrosion centre laboratory in
building 614. All staff and students are required to familiarize with its contents before an
access to the laboratory is granted. The rules and guidelines in this manual are based on
Curtin University’s policies and they are mandatory. This is an active document and its
updated version will be available on the Curtin Corrosion Engineering Industry Centre’s
(CCEIC) intranet. When printed, this document is not controlled.
Document Name:
Document expiry
date:
Laboratory Handbook.docx
J:\SAE\CPE\Corr-CERT\Facilities\Safety & Security
Number of Pages:
51
Rev
Date
Reason for Issue
Prepared By
Checked by
Approved by
A
12.07.2012
Issued for review
S. Behere
R. Gubner
R. Gubner
B
01/10/2013
First revision
S. Behere
M. Risbud
R. Gubner
Second revision
S. Behere
C
8/4/2014
Disclaimer
Information in this publication is correct at the time of printing but may be subject to change. Curtin will not be liable to you or to any
other person/party for any loss or damage (including direct, consequential or economic loss or damage) however caused and whether
by negligence or otherwise which may result directly or indirectly from the use of this publication.
Accessibility notice
Copies of this document are available in alternative formats upon request.
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Laboratory Safety Induction and
Handbook
Introduction
The Curtin Corrosion Engineering Industry Centre (CCEIC) has been conducting quality
research and providing expert services to oil and gas industry for more than two decades.
The centre’s services are diverse and catch the attention of many Australian and foreign
companies. The centre’s laboratory is well equipped with modern equipment and facilities.
The laboratory conducts research and testing as per ASTM, ISO, Australian and NACE
standards. For better integrity, transparency and control within the engineering discipline,
CCEIC is placed under the administrative control of the School of Chemical and Petroleum
Engineering (CPE) and now located in building 614 at 5 De Laeter Way, Bentley WA 6102.
Statement of commitment in research and consulting
The CCEIC’S principal aim is to enhance knowledge in corrosion science and engineering. This
will help to motivate and recognize individual and team efforts from engineers, scientists and
academicians for their contribution in the cutting edge of science. The CCEIC wants to remain at
the forefront in technology development and this will be achieved by investing in latest
equipment and highly skilled and talented people.
The CCEIC uses a comprehensive quality control program that covers both sample
preparation and experimentation. The laboratory possesses wide variety of equipment that
provides fast and accurate analysis. The laboratory plays a crucial role to assist customers in
meeting their objectives. Research and consultancy services are performed safely, efficiently
and economically so as to improve employee skills and performance in the key scientific
areas.
This manual is an integral part of the ‘Laboratory management system and operational
programs and reflects CCEIC’S commitment to produce scientifically accurate data. The
centre management is also committed to maintain highest standards for its equipment,
procedures and data accuracy.
CCEIC’s quality and safety guidelines
The CCEIC provides testing and research services that are safe, accurate, reliable, cost
effective and timely. To achieve this objective, CCEIC is trying to establish a ‘Quality
Management System’ so that right policies are effectively implemented. This system also
ensures that the corrosion laboratory meets or even exceeds client’s expectations.
CCEIC is committed to do continuous improvement by performing systematic internal and
external audits. Quality is CCEIC’s prime motto and quality management is an integral part
of the improvement process. The policies and principles highlighted in this induction
handbook are mandatory for all students and staff of the CCEIC.
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Safety within CCEIC is very vital to ensure health and well-being of staff, students and
visitors. Both state and federal legislation dictate laboratory safety. The notes covered in
this handbook are not only used for the comprehensive compilation of safety practices and
techniques but also referred to as a guide. The handbook details specific requirements of
facilitating and following laboratory procedures at the CCEIC.
It is mandatory that staff, students and visitors to CCET will:
-
-
adhere to the safety regulations and Curtin University policies mentioned in this
handbook. Before starting any laboratory work, it is essential that an individual
must first read this handbook and sign a safety declaration.
individuals must familiarize themselves with the location and operation of safety devices (fire
extinguishers, safety showers, first aid equipment, emergency exits etc.) within their working
area.
These regulations are in place to protect all staff, students and visitors of CCEIC.
For any inquiries, please contact the Centre Manager (Phone: 9266 9684)
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Contact information
If the emergency is life threatening, dial ‘0000’ (from internal phones) or ‘000’ (from a mobile)
University Security (internal phones on campus)
ext. 4444
University Security (mobile phones or off campus)
9266 4444
Health and Safety Representative
Name of the person
Location
Phone
Gizelle Cuevas
Building 614
92664068
Building 614
9266 2136
Building 614
9266 9684
First Aid Attendant
Mandar Risbud
Building Warden
Sarang Behere
______________________________________________
Floor Warden
_____________________________________
Gizelle Cuevas
Building 614
9266 4068
______________________________________________
Curtin Health and Safety
9266 4900
Health Service
9266 7345
(9.00am to 4.30pm)
A nurse i s a v a i l a b l e f r o m 8 . 0 0 a m - 7 . 3 0 p m ( M o n d a y t o F r i d a y ) a t t h e
Bentley campus
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Contents
1
Evacuation Procedures ………………… ....................................................................... 11
2
Fire, Explosions and other Emergencies ....................................................................... 12
2.1
Fire...................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1
2.2
Explosions ............................................................................................................. 12
2.3
Spillage and chemical reaction emergencies..........................................................................12
2.3.1
2.4
3
4
5
Large fires (Summon help, Dial 0000 )..............................................................12
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)............................................................... 12
Compulsory report ................................................................................................ 13
After Hours Safety Rules.............................................................................................. 14
3.1
General guidelines ................................................................................................ 14
3.2
Working out of hours............................................................................................. 15
Emergency Response Procedures............................................................................... 16
4.1
Contact details ...................................................................................................... 16
4.2
First aid: ................................................................................................................ 17
4.3
First aid recommendations and equipment............................................................ 17
4.3.1
Recommendations: ........................................................................................ 17
4.3.2
Equipment ..................................................................................................... 19
Authorised and unauthorised experiments ................................................................... 20
5.1
Procedures to gain authorisation for performing experiments:............................... 20
5.2
Record keeping..................................................................................................... 21
6
Laboratory Conduct ..................................................................................................... 22
7
Laboratory Safety........................................................................................................ 23
7.1
8
General notes ....................................................................................................... 23
7.1.1
Safety glasses .................................................................................................23
7.1.2
Contact lenses: .............................................................................................. 23
7.1.3
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)............................................................ 24
7.1.4
Toxic gases ................................................................................................... 24
7.1.5
Chronic poisoning .......................................................................................... 24
7.1.6
Film badges ................................................................................................... 25
7.1.7
Protection against ultraviolet rays .................................................................. 25
7.1.8
Electrical Safety ............................................................................................. 25
Building Regulations..................................................................................................... 26
8.1
Access to building 614 (see section 4) ................................................................. 26
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8.2
Building maintenance............................................................................................ 26
8.3
Parking and Deliveries .......................................................................................... 26
8.3.1
8.4
9
Chemical and Gas Deliveries......................................................................... 26
Standard procedures ............................................................................................ 26
8.4.1
Water seals in sinks and possible air contamination ...................................... 26
8.4.2
Fume hoods................................................................................................... 27
8.4.3
Electrical equipment....................................................................................... 27
8.4.4
Water baths ................................................................................................... 27
Handling and Storing of Chemicals .............................................................................. 28
9.1
Standard norms for the storage and disposal of chemicals ................................... 28
9.2
Safety notices ....................................................................................................... 28
9.3
Gas cylinders ........................................................................................................ 28
9.3.1
Gas cylinder handling .................................................................................... 29
9.3.2
Pressure regulating valves............................................................................. 29
9.4
Glass containers ................................................................................................... 30
9.5
Coolants ............................................................................................................... 30
9.5.1
Cold-burn hazard ........................................................................................... 30
9.5.2
Glass Dewar vessels and desiccators (Implosion risk) ................................... 30
9.6
Corrosive chemicals.............................................................................................. 30
9.7
Fire risks in the use of solvents ............................................................................. 31
9.7.1
Important recommendations .......................................................................... 31
9.8
Organic solvents in plastic containers ................................................................... 31
9.9
Vacuum distillations .............................................................................................. 32
9.10 General considerations ......................................................................................... 32
10
Hazardous Chemicals and Flammable Liquids ......................................................... 33
10.1 Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) ............................................................ 33
10.2 SDS (Safety Data Sheet) – ChemAlert.................................................................. 34
10.2.1
How to obtain SDS......................................................................................... 34
10.3 Chemical labels..................................................................................................... 34
10.4 Hazardous substances for which health surveillance is required ........................... 35
10.5 Carcinogenic substances to be used only for the bona fide research .................... 35
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10.6 Carcinogenic substances used only for purposes approved by Commissioner ..... 35
10.7 Carcinogenic substances – Asbestos.................................................................... 36
10.8 Carcinogenic substances - Special ....................................................................... 36
10.9 Storage of chemicals – Special conditions ............................................................ 36
10.9.1
Storage quantities – Corrosion laboratories ................................................... 38
10.10
Chemical waste ................................................................................................. 39
10.11
Glass and sharps waste .................................................................................... 39
11
Insurance for Staff and Students .............................................................................. 40
12
Safety Declaration and Questionnaire ...................................................................... 41
13
Annexure-1………………………………………………………………………………….44
Annexure-2………………………………………………………………………………….45
Annexure-3………………………………………………………………………………….46
Annexure-4………………………………………………………………………………….51
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1 Evacuation Procedures
General
It is the duty of a person to react immediately during an emergency situation and make
the decision to
1.
2.
Call for 'EVACUATION if it is critical. This person can take the decision if any
delay is likely to endanger life.
Call for HELP and assistance if the situation is less than critical.
The following persons should be informed immediately.
1.
Director, CCEIC, Centre Manager, OH&S Representative or in their absence any
other senior officer.
2.
University’s Health and Safety (please dial 4900)
Duties
1.
1.1
1.2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Call for help
Go to the injured person and offer him/her assistance
If the situation is under control, ensure that the Centre Manager and/or OH&S
Representative are informed. In their absence, the next senior person should be
informed.
Call for Evacuation
Turn off gas, power and air conditioners in your area. Use ‘Emergency shutdown’ if required.
Leave fume hood exhaust fans on if fumes are being evolved (in case of fire, turn
off the fans)
If time allows, remove beakers and any other equipment.
Close all doors in your area when it is declared as clear (i.e. no other person
should be present)
Follow all instructions given to you by the Floor Warden (See the list of floor
Wardens)
Leave the area by the nearest exit (windows can be used if the situation is
critical). A map of building 614 is attached in the appendix.
Assemble near the grassed area in front of Building 614 on the other side of the road
(‘Muster point’ is clearly sign-posted)
Remain at your ‘Muster’ position until you receive further instructions from Curtin’s security.
In the event of an evacuation, Health and Safety Representative must ensure that every staff
member, student and visitor immediately leaves building 614. If time permits, he should also
ensure that heat sources (e.g. heating mantles, hot plates, Bunsen burners, etc.) are turned
off.
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2 Fire, Explosions and other Emergencies
2.1 Fire
Fire extinguishers in the building 614 are electrically safe and suitable for extinguishing small
Class A fires (wood, textiles, paper etc.) and Class B fires (flammable liquids etc.) Please see
their positions and learn how to operate them. Discuss with your line management about the
necessary training if you have never been trained in the use of fire extinguishers. Fill in an
accident report form if you use an extinguisher and lodge the report with the Centre Manager
(used extinguishers which are partially filled can be hazardous in a fire fighting situation)
2.1.1 Large fires (Summon help, Dial 0000)
If the fire is not life threatening and you are trained in the use of fire extinguisher then make
an attempt to put off the fire. Never try to blow-off a fire even it is a small one. Severe facial
burns may result. Never attempt to extinguish the laboratory fire with water that spreads fire
with other organic solvents. If you see a person running with fire on his/her clothing, pull the
person down on the floor and smother fire either with the help of the laboratory coat or fire
blanket or by rolling the person on the floor. Please seek immediate medical aid and
remember that in life threatening situations ‘SAVE YOURSELF FIRST’. ASSIST OTHERS
ONLY IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.
2.2 Explosions
Reactions with the risk of explosion should be avoided. For research projects, explosions
must be carried out in a fume hood behind a screen after getting the necessary approvals.
Safety goggles and other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn at all times.
For, e.g., a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and alcohol can explode violently and should
never be used in a combination for cleaning glassware. Great care is necessary when
handling organic nitro and other oxidising compounds (e.g. picric acid, concentrated hydrogen
peroxide, sulphuric acid etc.)
2.3 Spillage and chemical reaction emergencies
Generally, majority of the laboratories have supply of “Atta Pulgite” which is a safe
absorbent to deal with all spillages. Always wear gloves when cleaning up a spillage.
The centre has two types of spill kits:
1.
2.
Organic solvents and water based neutral to alkaline solutions
Acidic solutions
2.3.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
This will give current health hazard information and recommended precautions for use
and safe handling procedures and are available for all commercial chemicals. MSDS data
base is available on ChemAlert and on various websites. If an ordered chemical is not
found on the ChemAlert, please email Tom Osborne (email id: t.osborne@curtin.edu.au)
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2.4 Compulsory report
All accidents must be reported on the "Accident Report Form" available from the University
website. The completed form should be returned not later than the next working day. Please
voluntarily report 'near-misses’ so that others may benefit from your experience.
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/event_and_hazard/index.cfm
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3 After Hours Safety Rules
3.1 General guidelines
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
After hours work is defined as 6.00 pm - 8.00 am on weekdays and at all
times during weekends and public holidays.
When leaving the laboratory, please ensure that no person is left alone
within the laboratory premises.
Access is available to the building 614 at all times. But it is presumed that
people will work late only under special circumstances and follow general
guidelines.
After normal working hours, laboratory work can only be carried out when
at least one other worker is present in the laboratory (buddy) and
available within hearing distances (Standards Australia AS2243. 1 - 1990.
see Section 7 in these notes.) If the other person is not in the same
laboratory but at nearby vicinity then regular contact (after every 30
minutes) with each other should be maintained to ensure safety.
Students should discuss the nature of experimental work to be carried
out after normal working hours with their supervisor or with their senior
worker.
Between 6.00 pm and 10.00 pm, access to restricted areas is on the basis
of signed approval from an authorized person detailing the period of
access, nature of laboratory activity and personal security arrangements.
The worker will retain one copy with him and hand over the other copy to
his supervisor.
After hours, laboratory work at late nights (between 9.30 pm and 7.30 am)
is not allowed unless specific instructions have been granted by the
Deputy Director CCEIC or Head of School.
Unsupervised experiments must be identified with a risk assessment
which displays the name and contact number of the person
responsible, the nature of the experiment and an authorization
signature (from worker's supervisor, OH&S representative, Deputy
Director or Head of School)
A risk assessment must be performed and approved by the supervisor and
student prior to commencing any laboratory work after standard hours.
Risk assessments can include risks of experimental failure and may
include the additional risks of working after hours. It is advised that you
review the risk matrix in Annexure-5. Only low risk activities (e.g. computer
or office work) may be performed without a “buddy” More hazardous
situations (e.g. wet laboratories) must require a buddy in the near-by
vicinity.
Please follow the chart for working out of hours. This is presented on the following page.
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3.2 Working out of hours
Monday to Friday
Activities require regular
business supervisory approval
8 am to 6 pm
Normal
hours
6 pm to 10 pm
Out of hours
10 pm to 6 am
CLOSED
6 am to 8 am
Out of hours
Activities require regular
supervisory approval plus a
“buddy”
Staff, Students and University
Associates must not be in the
buildings between 10pm to 6am
without written permission from
the Deputy Director CCEIC or
Head of the School
Activities require supervisory
approval plus a “buddy”
Weekends and Curtin public holidays
6 am to 10 pm
10 pm to 6am
•
•
Out of hours
Activities require regular
supervisory approval plus a
“buddy”
CLOSED
No activities to be undertaken
without an approval from the
Deputy Director CCEIC or Head of
the School
Working is permitted in non-restricted access areas (e.g. offices)
Authorized persons are: Students and their supervisors, Deputy Director
CCEIC and Head of the School
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4 Emergency Response Procedures
4.1 Contact details
For life threatening emergency: Dial 0000 (internal phones) or 000 (from mobile phones)
While ringing, you should have the following information available.
Your location, the type of emergency (e.g. acid burns, broken bones, collapsed patient etc.)
and the best route for stretcher access (if required) The ‘Health Services’ team will be with
you as soon as possible.
First aid officers
A list of persons is available for assistance before the arrival of the ‘Health Services’ team. It
is given on page no 5 of this manual.
Ambulance: Please dial 0000 (internal phone) or 000 (from mobile) and ask for an ambulance.
Please specify the precise location to the ambulance driver.
Health services
The Health Services operating hours are as follows:
Registered Nurse: Monday to Friday (8.00am to 7.30pm)
First Aid Nurse: Monday to Friday (8.00am to 7.30 pm)
On Sunday (10.00am to 5.45pm)
Doctors: Monday to Friday (9.00am to 4.00pm)
Note: Medical assistance is available from 8.30am to 8.00pm from Monday to Thursday and
8.30am to 4.45pm on Friday.
Hospital: Dial 0000 and transport to hospital will be arranged if needed.
Poisons Information Centre: Tel: 13 11 26
If safe to do so, attempt to control fire with extinguishers. The automatic fire alarm system is
connected to the fire brigade. Evacuate the building if necessary.
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4.2 First aid:
Action plan
Before arrival of the Health Services Team, Please remember DRSABCD
Danger:
Ensure that the area is safe for yourself, others and the patient
Response:
Check responses (ask name, squeeze shoulders etc.) if there is no response,
Send for help: Call 0000 (internal phone) or 000 (mobile) or ask another person to call
Airway:
Open the mouth if any foreign material is present otherwise place the
patient in the recovery position and clear airway with fingers
Breathing:
Check for breathing. If it is normal, place the patient in the recovery position
and monitor breathing. If breathing is not normal, start Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR:
Start CPR – 30 chest compressions: 2 breaths. Continue CPR until help arrives
or patient recovers
Defibrillation: If available, apply defibrillator and follow voice prompts
4.3 First aid recommendations and equipment
4.3.1
Recommendations:
Unconscious patient
If the patient is unconscious but breathing- lay the patient in the lateral position and make
him/her comfortable. If you have performed DRSABCD, seek immediate medical
assistance. If the patient is unconscious and not breathing but has a pulse and if you have
done DRSABCD, seek immediate medical assistance. If the patient is unconscious and
not breathing, seek immediate medical assistance.
Epileptic fit
If anyone undergoes an epileptic fit, seek immediate medical attention. A fit is often short but
recovery may take time (sometimes even a few hours). Fainting often resembles a fit but the
patient who has fainted generally recovers quickly. For fainting, fresh air is the best treatment.
Seek immediate medical assistance.
Serious bleeding
Attempt to control by (a) protecting yourself with hand gloves (b) applying direct pressure on limbs
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(c) elevating the bleeding part and resting the patient. For nose bleed, ask the patient
to lean forward and pinch nose for about 10 minutes. Seek immediate medical help.
Thermal burns
Major burns (more than 10-20 sq.cm affected area): Get immediate medical assistance by
dialing 0000 (internal phone or 000 from a mobile) Till help arrives, remove any material and
cover injuries with a sterile gauze, towel or sheet and treat the patient (lay him/her down and
elevate limbs)
Minor burns (less than 5 sq. cm affected area): Apply plenty of cold water and then cover
with burn cream, gauze and bandage. Seek immediate help.
Eye injuries/ splashes or concentrated vapor
If there is any foreign object or a chemical splash, immediately wash eye with plenty of
water from the eye wash station, hold the eyelids apart and continue for at least 30
minutes. This can continue until a doctor arrives. Seek immediate medical advice.
Other injuries and spillages
Remove the clothing and if possible wash injuries with water. Specific treatments for
particular classes of compounds may apply. Seek immediate medical assistance.
Minor injuries
For minor injuries, the patient can be sent to the Health Services Unit. The patient should
not be sent alone (a friend or fellow student must accompany him/her) The Health Services
Unit can be contacted on internal phone (7345) or on mobile or external phone (9266 7345)
and provide information of the incoming patient and injury.
Chemical burns and poisons absorbed through skin
Acids and alkalis on the skin should be washed under running water. A number of organic
substances can cause painful chemical bums if allowed to come into contact with the skin.
Examples include 2,4dinitrochlorobenzene, phenol, glacial acetic acid etc. Other liquids
(e.g. phenyl-hydrazine and aniline) are very poisonous and can be absorbed through skin.
Hydrofluoric acid should not come into contact with the skin. In case it has, then immediately
apply calcium gluconate gel on the skin. If any of these substances are spilt on the skin,
wash with water. Similarly, if there is any contaminated clothing, it must be removed
immediately.
Serious cuts
Serious cuts result when glass tubing is shattered while being forced into rubber or plastic
tubing or through stoppers. If bleeding is heavy, seek immediate medical help. Sometimes,
bad wounds have resulted from pushing stoppers down into the necks of flasks. Deep cuts
can be avoided by taking the following precautions:
1. When inserting glass tubes into rubber, make sure that the hole is of the correct size
and lubricate the glass with a drop of water or oil.
2. When inserting glass tube into plastic tubing, soften the end of the tubing by
dipping into boiling water for a few seconds
3. Always use both hands for any operations
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4.
Rotate the glass or stopper while pushing it gently. In other words, screw the
glass through the tube and screw stoppers into the flasks.
5. Additional protection may be obtained by wrapping several layers of cloth around the
glass before taking the grip. The supervisor should be consulted if glass joints
seize together.
Gas poisoning
Take patient to the open area so that he/she can breathe fresh air. Remove clothing from
moist parts of the body. Keep the body warm with blankets and hot water bottles. If the
person is conscious and mouth is not burned, give hot tea or coffee. Never feed to an
unconscious person. If breathing is weak, a first aider may administer oxygen for about 2
minutes. Seek immediate medical help.
Skin rashes
Chemistry and Industry, Feb. 10th, 1968, discussed the risk of contracting chemically
induced dermatitis. The best known hyper sensitizers are 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene, picric
chloride, periphery lenediamine, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (often in rubber gloves), 2thionaphthol, formaldehyde, mercury(II) chloride, many azo dyes, and the salts of many
heavy metals, notably platinum and rhodium. Toluene diisocyanate and many related
isocyanates associated with foam materials may give skin sensitization effects.
Any person within the CCEIC who develops a rash or skin irritation or respiratory
irritation should not overlook the possibility of the disturbance induced by chemicals.
Seek immediate medical advice from the expert.
4.3.2
Equipment
First aid boxes
These are set up in the common locations within building 614 (near doorways in 614.125,
614.121 and in the kitchen) Do not take anything from the first aid boxes except during
emergency. Report any deficiencies to the Health and Safety Representative/First Aid
Attendant. First aid boxes will be checked every month for its full content and out-of-date
items.
Safety showers
Emergency water shower units are located in each laboratory. Safety shower notices display
their location. Note their position and learn how to use them. Please remember that showers
in the staff toilet should be used as emergency showers only (i.e. accident in the office
area). For proper operations, safety showers will be tested every month by the ‘Health and
Safety Representative’.
Eye wash stations
Most of the liquids are dangerous if splashed into eyes. In particular, alkaline solutions are
dangerous. Safety glasses are adequate for normal operations but additional eye protection
should be worn during any potentially hazardous operation (e.g. sodium fusions, pouring
large quantities of concentrated acids and bases including ammonia and handling evacuated
apparatus) The immediate first aid treatment for any liquid splashes is to wash eyes with
plenty of water from eye wash stations or direct a stream of water into eyes from an eye
wash bottle and this should be done fast. An eye specialist must be immediately
consulted after any eye accident.
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5 Authorised and unauthorised experiments
Precautionary measure
Students and staff members are authorized to perform experimental work related to their
research and teaching programs. For any significant deviation from the standard planned
procedures, consult Deputy Director, CCEIC.
Chemicals can be procured and supplied for authorized experiments. Under no
circumstances, private chemicals will be brought into building 614 and no CCEIC chemicals
will be removed from the building 614 without specific authorization from the Deputy Director,
CCEIC or Head of the School. Serious penalties will be imposed in case of the breach of any
of these rules.
5.1 Procedures to gain authorization for performing experiments:
In order to obtain authorisation to perform experiments the following steps should be taken.
There are three objectives a) to ensure that you know what you are doing and that you do it
safely, b) to ensure that no damage to equipment and Curtin property occurs, c) that the data
you generate/gather are as accurate as possible (for quality assurance)
1. Familiarize yourself with the policies and procedures provided by Curtin’s Health and
Safety:http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/safety_management/policies.cfm
especially:
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/2011_ChemicalSafetyMinimuStandard
s.pdf
2. First check whether a risk assessment already exists and approved for the experiment.
3. Consider equipment and chemicals. Also consider the waste generated after
experimentation
(http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/hazardous_substances/disposal.cfm).
4. Perform risk assessment (for chemicals, equipment and procedure)
To complete a risk assessment you will need to see:
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/2011Safety_inResearch.pdf)
(a) Identify the hazardous substances staff/or students are exposed
(b) Utilize your own knowledge of the chemical
(c) Review the safety data sheet and label to further identify the risks
(d) Review the use of the product including the concentration and time
(e) Review the existing procedures for safe handling according to the Hierarchy of
Controls - elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering, administration and
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
The matrix displayed in Annexure-5 can be used to determine the need for hazard controls
and to obtain the level of risk. The objective of this assessment is to assist and determine the
likelihood of an injury. Curtin H&S Risk Assessment format is also available from
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/hs_toolkit/publications.cfm.
A copy of the MSDS for a new chemical that is not listed on ChemAlert must be forwarded to
Curtin’s H&S. A second copy is to be retained in the laboratory note book, a third copy to be
placed inside the relevant folder on the CCEIC’s intranet.
5. A number of work procedures for common laboratory tasks are developed/being
developed (pH measurements, corrosion inhibitor performance testing by using
rotating cylinder electrode technique etc.) If you find a suitable work procedure,
ensure that it fits your requirements. Also write your own work procedures for
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performing new experiment by using the CCEIC template (J:\SAE\CPE\CorrCERT\Information Management\Document Templates).
6. Get the work procedure approved by the Deputy Director, CCEIC or his delegate.
7. Only after the work procedure and risk assessment has been approved, work is
permitted in the laboratory.
8. A copy of the work procedure (including risk assessment) must be displayed near
the experiment in the laboratory. Display pouches are provides at the head of each
work bench.
5.2 Record keeping
The Curtin Policies for record keeping are to be followed. See http://uim.curtin.edu.au/ for
further information. For research activities at CCEIC, the following principles apply:
All experiments performed should be properly documented. Traceability of data is of
paramount importance. Therefore, all experiments performed are recorded in laboratory
notebooks. It is possible to repeat an experiment based on the available records to get to the
same results. No pages are removed from the laboratory notebook. If an error has occurred,
do not erase the entry or make it unreadable. Instead, strike the entry only once (so that it
still can be read) and make correct entry. Most data are recorded today by using digital files.
Keep a copy of the original digital file inside the project folder assigned to you on the CCEIC
intranet. (J:\SAE\CPE\Corr-CERT\Research\Project Files) Do not manipulate the original
data files for data processing – use a copy instead. Keep all data files and other electronic
files in the assigned project folder on the CCEIC intranet. Note the file names and locations
inside the laboratory notebook. The laboratory notebook entries should be approved by your
supervisor/line manager during regular project meetings. Note that the laboratory notebook
is the property of the CCEIC and should be maintained at Curtin even after completion of
your research project.
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6 Laboratory Conduct
Recommendations for a safe conduct
The following recommendations apply to all persons working in the CCEIC’s laboratory:
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/2011_ChemicalSafetyMinimuStandards.pdf
a. Always perform the necessary risk assessments before you start any laboratory work.
A number of safe work procedures for routine tasks are developed and placed on the
network share drive (J) Study the safe work procedure or create a new one and get it
approved before the work starts.
b. Never adopt a casual attitude in the laboratory and be aware of potential
hazards
c. Select personal clothing that is suitable to laboratory conditions and avoid synthetic
materials (e.g. polyester and nylon) as they can cause severe burns when in contact
with commonly used organic solvents.
d. Always wear eye, ear and other personal protective equipment that is prescribed for
the laboratory you work in
e. Use suitable protective clothing and devices and give due consideration
before work starts in the laboratory
f. Never run in the laboratory or along the corridors
g. Never indulge in reckless behavior while working in the laboratory
h. Always take proper care while opening and closing doors and entering or leaving the
laboratory.
i. Do not work in isolation. Ensure that at least one person is in the laboratory
j. Do not handle or consume food or drink in the laboratory
k. Do not smoke in the laboratory
l. Regard all substances as hazardous unless definite information is available
m. Never undertake any work unless the potential hazards of the operation are known
as precisely as possible and the appropriate safety precautions are adopted
n. Always use safety carriers for transporting chemicals in glass or plastic containers
with a capacity of 2L or more. At the same time, never carry containers of mutually
reactive substances
o. Take extra care when carrying any potentially hazardous substance/s.
Never store mutually reactive substances in the same area
p. Maintain the minimum required quantities of hazardous substances in the laboratory
q. Always use a fume hood when working with highly toxic, volatile or odoriferous
substances
r. Wash skin areas that come in contact with chemicals in spite of their concentrations
s. Keep all fire escape routes clear at all times. Prepare and practice fire drill instructions
at least once a year and display them in the laboratory
t. Label all safety equipment and maintain them in good operating condition. Check and
inspect safety equipment for correct operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions and report if anything is required for maintenance
u. Ensure that all safety equipment remains accessible to the laboratory personnel at all
times
v. Keep safety information and emergency procedures displayed in the laboratory
w. Clean up the spills immediately.
x. Dispose of specialized wastes (e.g. broken glassware, sharp implements etc.) in
containers reserved for the particular type of waste.
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7 Laboratory Safety
See http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/safety_management/policies.cfm
7.1 General notes
It is not possible to provide a complete guide of the laboratory safety in this handbook. The
Journal of Chemical Education runs a useful section on laboratory safety and several books
on this topic are available in the Curtin library. Every researcher (including students) in
CCEIC should make extensive reference to safety manuals to design their experiments. The
University’s safety officer strongly recommends the following material for reading and
reviewing.
For general advice:
1. Steered, N. L', "Safety in the chemical laboratory ", Lib. 542.1 STE
2. Steere, N. V., (edit), 'CRC Handbook of laboratory safety", Lib. 542.1 CHE
Bretherick, L., (edit), "Hazards in the chemical laboratory", Lib. 363.17 HAZ Green,
M.E. and Turk, A., "Safety in working with Chemicals", Lib. 542 GRE
For specific information about individual substances:
1. MSDS data base service: Library CD Reference/Chemalert/Supplier Internet sites.
2. Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 661, (Organic lab technician)
Bretherick, "Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards", Lib. R604. 7 BRE
3. Luxon, S. G., "Hazards in the chemical laboratory ", (Organic and inorganic lab
technicians) The School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering’s ‘Safety officer’ can be consulted on
safety matters. Potentially hazardous situations can be discussed with the Safety officer. The
safety officer welcomes suggestions and constructive criticism regarding safety procedures.
Students must not perform any hazardous procedures after normal hours without the
permission of their supervisor or the Deputy Director, CCEIC.
7.1.1 Safety glasses
Students and staff members will be provided with safety glasses. Please bear in mind that
most safety glasses do not give adequate protection against reactive vapors and
mechanical operations. In such situations, goggles or full face masks are recommended.
Eye washing apparatus is available in the laboratories. Safety glasses must be worn by all
staff and students working in the corrosion laboratories. Those who disregard this
instruction are liable to a disciplinary action.
7.1.2 Contact lenses:
The wearing of contact lenses in the laboratory is strongly discouraged. Splashes into the
eyes of a contact lens wearer will be more serious because extra time is required in
removing the lens. Anyone wearing contact lenses while working in the laboratory must
inform his/her supervisor and wear a visor or goggle.
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7.1.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Proper clothing, footwear and safety glasses must be worn while working in the CCEIC
laboratory (for e.g. safety glasses, closed sleeves, long trousers laboratory coat and
safety shoes must be worn at all times in the laboratory) Open-toed shoes, thongs, open
sandals are not permitted in the laboratory. Laboratory coats are not taken outside the
laboratories (the only exception is going to the H2S lab from the main corrosion laboratory)
However, laboratory coats are not permitted in the office area.
7.1.4 Toxic gases
All reactions should be carried out in the fume hoods. Reactions involving the use or
evolution of toxic gases (e.g. hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen
cyanide or chlorine) must be carried out in a fume hood. Lachrymators (e.g. benzoyl
chloride) highly toxic liquids (e.g. bromine) and substances having an objectionable odour
(e.g. thiols) must be kept close to the back of the fume hood and to work in the fume hood,
screen down as low as possible. These simple measures can reduce the likelihood of vapors
escaping into the laboratory. A common cause of exposure is the disposal of wastes
(including filter papers etc.) containing some of the objectionable substance into the
laboratory bin. If the work requires regular handling of gases, personal gas sensors and
dosage meters will be provided and should be worn while working in the laboratory.
7.1.5 Chronic poisoning
Chronic poisoning may result from continued exposure to low concentrations of the vapors
of many organic solvents (e.g., benzene, acetone, hexane, n-butanol and mercury) and
gases, such as H2S. The distillation of large quantities of solvents should be conducted in a
fume hood. (e.g. chromic acid solutions are dangerous and their use for cleaning glassware
should be restricted to cases of absolute necessity)
Hydrogen sulfide is considered as a broad-spectrum poison, means that it can poison
several different systems in the body although the nervous system is the most affected one.
The toxicity of H2S is comparable with that of hydrogen cyanide. It forms a complex bond with
iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes thus preventing cellular respiration. Exposure
to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation, a sore throat and cough, nausea,
shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs. This is because hydrogen sulfide combines with
alkali present in moist surface tissues to form sodium sulfide and its long-term, low-level
exposure results in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory and
dizziness.
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7.1.6 Film badges
Everyone handling radioactive material or using x-ray equipment must wear a film badge.
This film badge must be tested at regular intervals to determine the dosage received. All
equipment involving radiation hazard should be labeled in the prescribed manner.
Radioactive materials can only be used in radiochemical laboratories.
Note: In the corrosion laboratories, no radioactive material is used.
7.1.7 Protection against ultraviolet rays
Significant to serious exposure to ultraviolet radiation can occur from UV sources in welding
processes, spectroscopy, synthetic photochemistry and chromatographic work from mercury
arcs, mercury rectifiers, working silica and in high temperature flames. These sources can
be operating in the School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering from time to time. The
effect of ultraviolet rays on the eyes is acute and causes painful inflammation of the
conjunctiva. The rays are absorbed in the outer layers of the eye (the cornea and
conjunctiva). The result - conjunctivitis starts developing within four to eight hours after
exposure and lasting for several days. Various authorities have suggested that individuals
should not be exposed to intensities of U.V. rays exceeding 0.5 microwatt per cm2 during a
seven hour period. All students and staff should take special care of their eyes by protecting
with goggles of suitable optical quality to absorb U.V. These goggles should be fitted with
side shields as a protection against stray or diffuse light.
7.1.8 Electrical Safety
All electrical equipment must be tested for electrical safety before you are allowed to plug
into a power outlet within Curtin campus. This includes your personal electronic devices,
e.g. mobile chargers and private notebooks.
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8 Building regulations
8.1 Access to building 614 (see section 4)
Normal business hours are from 8am to 6pm from Monday to Friday (excluding University
holidays). For access to offices and laboratories, individuals must have the required
University status (Staff, Student or University Associate) They must have completed the
required induction and granted approval by their supervisor. Short-term visitors (anyone
without an ID card) must sign in at reception and escorted at all times. They must be
advised of the evacuation procedures. When accessing the building after normal business
hours, it is advisable to call the security office (9266 4444) to know your location.
Undergraduate project students are not permitted to work unsupervised and outside
normal business hours in a laboratory.
Building 614 has a large shared laboratory with office space. Please ensure that you
respect privacy of others, maintain respectful noise levels, consume meals in the
common room and see that office doors close upon entry and exit to maintain a secure
area. All doors between laboratories and offices must remain closed to maintain
appropriate air ventilation. The doors must not leave open. Staff and students are to
adhere to the provisions of the Working alone or in isolation policy. Please see the
following link.
http://healthandsafety.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/2011WorkinginIsolation.doc)
8.2 Building maintenance
General maintenance, faulty electrical, plumbing, mechanical and building related items,
can be requested via the Building Warden/Manager or by calling 9266 9684.
8.3 Parking and Deliveries
Parking in building 614 is currently free to students, staff and visitors. Deliveries are
made via the delivery compound. Under no circumstances, access to the courtyard is
blocked. Entry is from 8:00 am. No chemicals, equipment or gas bottles are transported
through the office area.
8.3.1 Chemical and Gas Deliveries
The procedures will be defined with the Dangerous Goods Building committee in the near
future (before the next revision of this document). Please check with the research
assistants of the CCEIC.
8.4 Standard procedures
8.4.1 Water seals in sinks and possible air contamination
All sinks in the building are fitted with a ‘Plumber elbow' and the water layer acts as seal
between the laboratory and the air in the plumbing system. Downstream of the water trap
and the exit pipes join with other sinks and lab floors to carry the combined effluents to
the settling tanks. The air in the pipes is contaminated with volatile material from the
settling tanks. If any sink is left unused for a long time, the water seal will become dry
and allow the contaminated air to enter the room through defective seals and finally into
the work areas through fume hoods.
Note: Meticulously check every sink in your laboratory and working area.
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Water should be visible in the glass 'plumber’s elbow'. Run water down the sink to re-fill
the seal. Sinks that are inaccessible due to laboratory re-arrangements should be properly
sealed.
Persistent odours of chemicals should be reported (in writing) and carefully
investigated by the health and safety supervisors. If the problem persists, consult CPE
laboratory manager.
8.4.2 Fume hoods
The corrosion centre has one double fume hood in the main laboratory. It has good air flow
velocities and is suitable for research work. Detailed instructions on how to use the
fume hoods are provided in the laboratory next to the fume hood. Chemicals should be
handled with the pull down screen at the lowered position. Make proper use of PPE while
working in the laboratory. Please remember the following points.
1. Spillages should be diluted with bigger quantities of water and then flushed to drain
2. Prevent leakage of gases and chemicals. (Dewars containing liquid NH3 or concentrated
acids should not be removed from the hood.
8.4.3 Electrical equipment
Before using any electrical equipment, please check that plug pins are clean and dry and
the equipment has been tested for electrical safety (ensure that tag on cable is not out of
date). Electrical apparatus on 240 volts A.C. should be properly earthed (3 wire flex).
Students and staff must not attempt to repair broken or faulty electrical apparatus. Report
any faults (missing tags on electrical cables and instruments with electrical connections or
apparatus) to the Research Assistants (RA) or Health and Safety Representative of the
CCEIC. The RA or H&S representative will call Curtin’s authorized electrician to do a safety
test.
Personal electrical equipment (radios, personal laptop, mobile chargers etc.) may be used
at CCEIC after approval from the Deputy Director, CCEIC. However, all electrical
equipment must be tested for electrical safety before plugging into a power outlet at Curtin
property. Contact RA or CCEIC’s H&S representative to arrange for electrical safety
testing.
8.4.4 Water baths
Water bath often burn out and may result in a personal injury or fire. Trouble is due to
erratic water-pressure and by infrequent and insufficient attention of the water level and
by overreliance of the automatic cut-off installed on some but not all baths. A simmer stat,
providing intermittent 240 volt A. C. does not safeguard the element. In some laboratories,
a steam-heating system is available but if you use an electric water bath, consider the
following points.
Please check that there is an adequate water supply to the constant-level device
1.
If an element is over-heated, allow it to cool down near ambient temperature
before making any adjustments.
2. Keep all electrical connections clean, dry and in good condition.
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9 Handling and Storing of Chemicals
9.1 Standard norms for the storage and disposal of chemicals
It is the responsibility of an individual to use, store and dispose of any chemical in a safe
fashion. Storage of reagent bottles on shelves above the eye level is discouraged as
breakages or spillages may occur and can splash chemical on the face of the user. Very
dangerous situations have been experienced in the past when chemicals were left unused for
months or years so that after decomposition, substances develop peroxides and create
internal pressure in bottles with 'frozen stoppers.
To avoid these problems a 'Spring-clean’ will be performed at least once in every six
months
The normal practice should be to work in consultation with your supervisor. Some helpful
hints are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Only withdraw/order those chemicals which are used soon
Use them in an appropriate fashion
Return to stores any suitable, fresh material or un-opened packages
Dispose unwanted chemicals in an appropriate fashion.
Organic residues on glassware should be rinsed with suitable solution before washing with water
All chemicals are accounted at the end of the project
When problems arise, such as the discovery of unlabeled bottles, obsolete material or show
signs of decomposition, immediately consult your supervisor and/or laboratory’s Health
and Safety officer. Do not handle or transport such material without proper
consultation.
9.2 Safety notices
The following notices can be prepared by staff and students and displayed in the desired
situation. The notices must be withdrawn after the use. Some examples are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Approved for overnight running
Fire hazard, flammable solvents in use, but no flames
Poison, toxic materials in use
Explosion hazard, safety shield is required
Implosion hazard, under vacuum
Danger, high voltage
Danger, no admission to unauthorized and unsupervised persons
Do not use fume hood, fan is under repair
If required, additional notices can be displayed as and when necessary.
9.3 Gas cylinders
Proper advice on gas cylinder operations is available from the CPE technical staff. Do not
operate any pressure equipment if you have not been instructed its use and before reading
on pressure regulation valves. All cylinders of compressed gases must be properly clamped.
Clamps are available from the store. A cylinder with the valve in position will easily get
fractured if knocked over.
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Cylinders must be strapped to trolleys while moving. Cylinders must not be used
adjacent to radiators or other heat sources which could increase the temperature
above ambient. Gas cylinders must be located at least 1 meter from any door or
passage way.
9.3.1 Gas cylinder handling
1. Gas cylinders must never be heated or stored where heat i s liberated. A safe
distance from heat sources in the fume hoods needs to be maintained.
2. A hazard zone will exist within 1.5 m horizontally of Division 2.1 gas cylinders
(flammable) There must be no fixed ignition sources located within zoned areas and
mobile sources must be strictly controlled at all times – a “hot work permit” or similar
process must be developed and implemented to manage activities involving mobile
ignition sources. Zoned areas must be clearly identified.
3. If Division 2.1 gases are to be stored at this location then Hazard zone will extend
out to 1.5m horizontally from the edge of the Division 2.1 cylinders – zoned area
must be clearly identified and appropriate signage provided.
4. Handle cylinders with care - do not drop o r lift by valve cover - do not use a
wrench on the valve
5. Do not place cylinders near the inlet of a ventilating or an air-conditioning unit
6. Where screen walls or fire doors are required to keep separation distances, these
must be at least FRL 240/240/240 rated.
9.3.2 Pressure regulating valves
It is necessary to use needle valves for gas flow control. The diaphragm type of pressure
reducing valve is not designed to produce a steady flow of gas at atmospheric pressure
from a high pressure cylinder. Proper care is required when low pressure gas outlet is
connected to a glass apparatus (this may burst under unexpected pressure or to systems
containing corrosive chemicals and cause injuries if ejected (e.g. sulphuric acid is used for
drying) If both H2SO4 and alkali are in the same flow, adequate intermediate taps must be
used to prevent accidental admixture.
The correct arrangement requires a needle valve, cylinder spindle key, regulator head and
apparatus. The technical staff will be happy to demonstrate the fitting of a regulator head to
a cylinder. It is essential to 'crack' or 'shift' the main cylinder valve to dislodge the grit before
screwing on the regulator (by using proper spanners). A soap and water test for leak is
desirable especially with hydrogen cylinders.
The correct operating sequence for gas withdrawal starts with the main valve closed, the
needle valve opened to bleed off gas and the regulator adjusting knob or diaphragm control
fully unscrewed (anti-clockwise) The needle valve is then closed and the cylinder’s main
valve is slowly opened with the spindle key until the high pressure gauge responds. Then the
diaphragm control is screwed in until the desired 'low pressure’ is obtained. Gas is available
through the needle valve. Please close the cylinder’s main valve with the spindle key, bleed
all the gas in the regulator head away through the needle valve and then unscrew the
diaphragm control in anti-clockwise direction.
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9.4 Glass containers
Winchesters containing acids, ammonia or organic solvents should neither be stored on the
floor nor on the high shelves. Raised platforms exist in most laboratories and are suitable for
storing. Solvents must be stored in solvent cabinets. Large quantities of flammable solvents
should not be stored in laboratories. All Winchesters must be carried in Winchester carriers
when moved from the store to the laboratory or from the laboratory to the store.
9.5 Coolants
Their hazardous properties are by no means self-evident and fully understood. Coolants can
be safely used in laboratories. PPE is to be worn during operations. Any person using
cryogenics should consult the information provided by the firm AIR LIQUIDE or BOC.
9.5.1 Cold-burn hazard
Metals and liquids below -20°C can cause 'burns' with pain, blistering, tissue-loss and shock.
Do not grasp cold surfaces.
9.5.2 Glass Dewar vessels and desiccators (Implosion risk)
Remove residual water and ice before filling. Avoid excessive strains caused by bringing
cold materials over the hot lip (overfilling, filling too quickly, pouring form a Dewar). Keep
flames away. For example, commercial "picnic" Dewar’s provided with push fit lids and
tightly fitting metal screw caps are not suitable for handling solid CO2 or liquid nitrogen. In
unsafe hands, there is a possibility of the lids fitting tightly and creating substantial internal
pressures as the coolant evaporates leading to the destruction of the Dewar. Caps and lids
should he either discarded or provided with two 5 mm vents for evaporation.
9.6 Corrosive chemicals
A recent case of serious bromine burns re-emphasizes the need to use suitable precautions
when handling corrosive chemicals and with chemicals readily absorbed through the skin.
These precautions include:
1. The wearing of suitable clothing to protect all parts of the body including face shield
or safety glasses and gloves
2 Must ensure that assistance is close by when work is being performed after normal
working hours.
.
*Corrosive chemicals include:
1. Acids: Particularly hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, chromic, nitric, acetic etc.
2. Alkalis: Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, Decon 90 etc.
3. Organic chemicals: Phenol, cresol, dimethyl sulfate, bromine etc.
**Toxic chemicals readily absorbed through the skin include:
This cover hydrofluoric acid, nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol and majority of bromine and
chlorine containing compounds. If required, your supervisor will list additional compounds.
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9.7 Fire risks in the use of solvents
A solvent is at a fire-risk ("flammable') if its vapor burns after exposed to the room
temperature or working temperature to an open flame. All unfamiliar solvents boiling below
150°C will be considered potential fire risks. Solvent fires can be major hazards to all
researchers in the laboratory. Death and serious injuries have followed fires even less
than 300 mL was spilled over. Such tragic fires will not occur if sources of ignition are
eliminated.
Many common solvents can he ignited without a flame if their vapors are in contact with a
hot electric mantle, an electric-light bulb, a room-heater that is not glowing, over-heated
electrical connections, etc. Carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, di-butyl ether, di-oxan, light
petroleum, heptane, cyclohexane and many others may ignite on metal surfaces below
300° C. Safety can be ensured by proper foresight. The operator should ask questions like:
"What will happen if I drop this bottle? What will go wrong if this solution drops into the hot
water-bath? Is there a possible source of ignition, flame or spark within 10 meters? The
use, transport and storage of fire-risk solvents should be performed meticulously.
9.7.1 Important recommendations
1. When manipulations of fire-risk solvents are intended, all potential sources of ignition
must be kept away from the working a r e a . With carbon disulfide, ether and light
petroleum, the vigilance must be extreme. Keep your co-workers informed of firerisks.
2. Reduce to the absolute minimum the quantities of fire-risk solvents used in chemical
operations or held in a temporary storage.
3. Ethers must not be distilled unless chemical tests show the absence of peroxides.
4. Use and store fire-risk chemicals a t a safe place in the laboratory. Please do not
obstruct passages or escape routes.
5. Transport fire-risk solvents without undue haste preferably in stout glassware suitably
protected within your control.
6. Make sure that you know where the fire extinguishers are. Use them when necessary.
In case of a fire, dial 0000.
9.8 Organic solvents in plastic containers
Many organic solvents have commercial plastics. Potential danger exists if toxic or fire-risk
solvents suddenly flood out from a large plastic storage vessel. Incidents are reported in the
press when petrol or kerosene is stored in unsuitable plastic containers. In a recent reported
case, diethyl ether was stored in a 10 L plastic container over the weekend. Many hours later
there was an overwhelming smell of ether in that area. It was initially thought that by diffusion,
ether escaped from an ill- fitting plastic drainage tap. This particular plastic bottle was not
withdrawn. When it was used again, the bottle was bumped.
The only rule to follow - you can store cold aqueous solutions in plastic containers.
All solvents can be stored in metal cans or glass containers. Many organic solvents can be
stored in polyethylene containers but identification of correct commercial plastics by naked
eye is not easy. Plastic wash bottles require proper labeling.
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9.9 Vacuum distillations
The following precautions should be
manipulations involving evacuated apparatus.
taken
during
vacuum
distillations and
1. Before the distillation, make sure that the glassware is in good condition and free of
cracks.
2. Never evacuate a flat-bottomed flask or vessel unless it is specifically designed for
that purpose.
3. Vacuum desiccators, evacuated Dewar flasks and large vessels attached to vacuum
lines should be taped with thick masking tape to minimize the risk of injury from flying
glass if there is an explosion.
4. Vacuum distillations should be carried out behind a safety screen. Carry out the
distillation in a fume hood and pull-down glass screens of the hoods. This applies to a
vacuum produced by a water aspirator as well as by a mechanical pump. Remember
that the vacuum produced by a good water aspirator creates a collapsing force equal
to 90% of that produced by a mechanical pump.
5. The distillation flask will have a certain hold-up volume and it is impossible to distill
contents of flasks and this should not be attempted. Do not apply heat to the pot
residue at the end of the distillation. This applies to distillation of unstable substances
and reaction mixtures with high boiling residues of unknown composition.
9.10 General considerations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adequate ventilation should be provided to guard against physiological harm and
explosions
Electrical equipment and lighting fixtures in areas where ammonia is stored should
be vapor-proofed
All gas cylinders should be chained or attached to the solid support
Doors in the vicinity should open outwards and be careful while you open the doors.
Adequate operator safety provisions should be provided (this covers gas leak
detection and alarms, safety barriers to prevent contact from pressure leaks, fire
control equipment and oxygen depletion censor in the climate room.
There are no specified “separation distances” for minor storage of gas. If the stored quantity
exceeds the minor storage limit then a minimum distance of 3m will apply for the
laboratories. This will require installation of screen walls or fire doors.
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10 Hazardous Chemicals and Flammable Liquids
10.1 Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC)
For common dangerous substances, the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) is the
atmospheric concentration to which persons may be exposed for an eight-hour working day
without any health injury. To give researchers some idea, the following table has been drawn
up. Smaller quantities dispersed less uniformly are not without hazard.
TABLE-1
Substance
M.A.C
. ppm
M.A.C.mg/m3
Dispersion limit for 14m x Sm x
3m lab.ppm e.g. 1st Yr labs
G
Ml
ML Acetic Acid
10
25
9.1
8.7
Acetic Anhydride
5
21
7.8
7.2
Acetone
500
1185
44.7
561.5
Acetonitrile
40
67
22.5
290
Aniline
2
7.6
2.8
2.8
Benzene
5
16
6
6.7
Carbon disulphide
10
31
11.6
9
Carbon tetrachloride*
5
31
11.7
7
Chlorobenzene*
75
345
128.4
116
Ch1oroforni
10
49
18.2
21.1
Cresol(o, m, p)
5
22
7.1
6.8
Dichloromethane*
50
174
58.5
44.1
Diethyl ether
400
1210
541.3
631.9
Dimethyl sulphate
0.1
0.52
0.34
0.26
Dioxane
25
90
33.5
32.4
Ethanol
1000
1880
700.9
888
Formaldehyde
1
1.2
0.46
0.56
Hexane(n-hexane)
50
176
59.1
89.6
Hexane (other isomers)
500
1760
591
896
Hydrogen Sulphide
10
15
Methanol
200
262
97.4.
123.2
Methyl Bromide
5
19
7.2
4.2
Methyl Chloride
50
103
38.4
38.8
Nitrobenzene
1
5
1.9
1.6
Petrol (n-Octane)
300
1400
521.5
742.2
Phenol
5
19
7.2
6.7
Phosgene
1
0.4
1.26
0.78
Tetrahydroftiran
200
590
198.2
223.2
Toluene
100
377
140.2
161.7
Trichloroethylene*
50
270
99.9
68.5
Xylene(o, m, p)
80
350
129.2
146.8
*Consumption of alcohol after exposure to chlorinated solvents can be hazardous
The above values are from Exposure Standards for Atmospheric Contaminants at Workplace
in WA (1991) issued by the Occupational Health, Safety & Welfare Commission of WA.
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10.2 SDS (Safety Data Sheet) – ChemAlert
For each hazardous substance supplied to the University,
- SDS must be obtained before or on the first occasion that it is supplied
- SDS must be readily available to any employee or student who could be exposed to the
substance
- If not already in ChemAlert, a copy needs to be forwarded to Health and Safety.
10.2.1 How to obtain SDS
For most substances, the simplest way to obtain an SDS and to ensure it is readily
available, use ChemAlert. Unfortunately, there are some substances that do not exist in
ChemAlert and in that case, these substances can be obtained from the manufacturer. It is
the manufacturer’s responsibility to provide Material Safety Data Sheets for hazardous
substances they supply. You can contact them directly to obtain MSDS. It is your
responsibility to ensure that MSDS is forwarded to Curtin’s H&S for loading into ChemAlert.
10.3 Chemical labels
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations and hazardous substances regulations prescribe
labeling of hazardous substances and dangerous goods. The following table outlines
requirements for chemical labeling. Labels can be generated with the ChemAlert database.
Labels should be sealed from potential spillage and dripping.
TABLE-2
Label Requirements
Capacity of Container
A: Greater than B: 500mL or g less
500mL or g
Single word(s) and/or
dangerous goods class
and subsidiary risk label
(where applicable)
YES
YES
C: Container is too
small to attach label
as per B
YES
Identification information:
(i) product name
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
Where relevant
NO
NO
Risk Phrase
YES
NO
Directions for use
Where
appropriate
YES
YES(most
significant)
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES(most
significant)
YES
NO
YES
Where relevant
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
(ii) chemical name
(iii) UN number (where
required by ADG code)
Safety Phrases
First Aid procedure
Emergency procedure
Details of manufacturer or
importer
Expiry date
Reference to SDS
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NO
NO
YES
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10.4 Hazardous substances for which health surveillance is required
The list of substances for which health surveillance required is given below. If you intend
to use any of the listed substances you must contact the Deputy Director, CCEIC prior to
use and discuss potential exposure and health monitoring.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acrylonitrile
Inorganic arsenic
Asbestos
Benzene
Cadmium
Inorganic chromium
Creosote
Isocyanate
Inorganic mercury
4, 4’-methylene bis 2-chloroaniline (MOCA)
Organophosphate pesticides
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Crystalline silica
Thallium
Vinyl chloride
Lead
10.5 Carcinogenic substances to be used only for bona-fide research
Below is a list of substances that may only be used for bona-fide research. If you intend to
use any of these substances, you must consult/advise the Deputy Director, CCEIC.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Aflatoxins
4-Aminodiphenyl
Benzidine and its salts (including benzidine dihydrochloride)
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Chloromethyl methyl ether (technical grade containing
bis(chloromethyl) ether)
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
2-Napthylamine
4-Nitrodiphenyl
10.6 Carcinogenic substances used only for purposes approved by the
Commissioner
Below is a list of substances which requires approval by the Commissioner prior to use. If
you want to use any of the listed substances, you must contact the health and safety
representative to arrange for approval documentation before commencing any work.
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
Acrylonitrile
Benzene when used as a feedstock and containing more than 50% of
benzene by volume
Cyclophosphamide (cytoxic drug) when used in preparation for
therapeutic use in hospitals and oncological treatment facilities and in
manufacturing operations
3, 3-Dichlorobenzidine and it salts (including 3,3-dichlorobenzidine
dihydrochloride)
Diethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfate
Ethylene dibromide when used as a fumigant
4,4’-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) – MOCA
Beta-Propiolactone (2-propiolactone)
o-Toluidine and o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Vinyl chloride monomer
10.7 Carcinogenic substances – Asbestos
Below is a list of carcinogenic substances that are not to be used in the workplace without
the Commissioner’s approval. Contact Health and Safety Representative to arrange for the document:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Actinolite asbestos
Amosite (brown asbestos)
Anthophylite asbestos
Crocidolite (blue asbestos)
Chrysotile (white asbestos)
Tremolite asbestos
10.8 Carcinogenic substances - Special
The substances listed below have specific requirements for handling and health monitoring.
You must contact and consult the Deputy Director, CCEIC to discuss prior to use.
•
•
•
Lead (metal, inorganic lead compounds and lead salts of organic acids)
Styrene
Isocyanates
If you intend to use or currently use carcinogenic substances, contact the Health and Safety
Officer. Curtin University keeps records in relation to carcinogenic substances. Records
must be established and kept for each person who is likely to be exposed to carcinogenic
substances whilst in the workplace.
10.9 Storage of chemicals – Special conditions
Storage of chemicals in the laboratory should be kept to a minimum. It is essential that
chemicals are stored appropriately. The Australian Dangerous Goods Code - Storage and
Handling Regulations require that dangerous goods are stored in accordance with the law.
These regulations are designed to prevent accidents involving the range of chemicals that
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are identified as ‘Dangerous Goods’. Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes based
on their hazardous properties. The regulations specify how storage areas are designed,
constructed and located to minimize risks.
Classification system
1
Explosives
2.1
Flammable gas
2.2
Non-flammable gas
2.3
Oxidizing gas
3
Flammable liquid
4.1
Flammable solid
4.2
Spontaneously combustible
4.3
Dangerous when wet
5.1
Oxidizing agent
5.2
Organic peroxide
6.1
Toxic
6.2
Infectious
7
Radioactive
8
Corrosive
9
Miscellaneous
The table below will enable you to determine how chemicals should be stored in the
laboratory. By selecting the classes of chemicals in question, the point of intersection
identifies how the chosen classes should be stored relative to each another (Reproduced
from the Western Australian Explosives and Dangerous Goods (Dangerous Goods Handling
and Storage) Regulations 1992 Table-3
Table-3
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L
- substances which are liquids
S
- substances which are solids
0
- no general segregation required
1
- segregate by a distance of at least 1m
3
- segregate by a distance of at least 3m
X
- segregate in separate depots at least 5m apart or segregate by a distance of 5 cm
of at least 5m with the use of a screen wall.
10.9.1 Storage quantities – Corrosion laboratories
Flammable and combustible liquids
Minor quantities of flammable and combustible liquids may be stored on shelves or work
benches but storage in an enclosed space provides a high level of protection. In case of fire,
it is strongly recommended that quantities stored in the open area should be kept to
minimum. If quantities stored exceeds the minor quantities limits, flammable and combustible
liquids must be stored in an approved flammable liquids cabinet. Minor quantities are defined
for different occupancies in Table 2.1 of AS 1940-2004-The Storage and Handling of
Flammable and Combustible Liquids. The total volume of flammable liquids stored in the
main corrosion laboratory is not to exceed 100 kg.
Corrosive liquids
In general, store corrosives separately and away from processing and handling areas and
other materials. Separate storage can reduce the damage caused in case of fires, spills and
leaks. If separate storage is not possible, at least store corrosives away from incompatible
materials (e.g. acids and bases react together and sometimes violently) Do not store them
besides each other. Store corrosives in areas which are:
•
•
•
•
Well ventilated
Supplied with adequate fire-fighting equipment
Supplied with suitable spill clean-up equipment and materials
Labeled with proper warning signs
The quantity of corrosive substances that can be stored in the main laboratory is 100 kg.
Hazardous Substances
Occupational Safety and Health Registration states that researchers must maintain latest
hazardous substances registry. The Australian Dangerous Goods Code states that
researchers must also maintain a current dangerous goods manifest and this can be done
via ChemAlert database. The substance must be identified by name of the supplier, quantity
and storage location. Regular audits can be conducted to ensure up to date manifests and
registries via ChemAlert.
The CCEIC’s health and safety representative will maintain the manifest and is responsible
for keeping it updated. Therefore, all hazardous substances will be ordered by him and he
will keep the manifest up-to-date. The CCEIC’s H&S representative will also take care of
disposal of empty containers and wastes.
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10.10 Chemical waste
The individual who generates chemical waste is responsible for that chemical waste until it
has been completely disposed of by the appointed waste management company. The Water
Corporation Acceptance Criteria for Sewer Discharge covers small quantities of a variety of
chemical residues produced in the laboratory that may be safely disposed of to the sewer
system. These guidelines must be strictly adhered to. The laboratory discharge in Building
614 is monitored and data are transferred to the Water Corporation. Many laboratories have
established waste containment for common waste. All generated waste (including washing
residue) must be stored in suitable and accurately labeled containers. If you are uncertain
about the residue you have, discuss with the Deputy Director, CCEIC or one of the senior
research staff members of CCEIC on how to move ahead. It is preferred that large volumes of
waste are removed from the working environment. Waste containers can be stored in the
appropriate storage cabinet. All containers must be clearly labeled with the name of the
person responsible for the waste, where it has come from and what it is. A waste manifest
document must also be completed and submitted to Curtin Health and Safety for the
collection of the waste.
The CCEIC’s H&S representative will coordinate with Curtin’s Health and Safety on a
quarterly rotation for the disposal of chemical waste. Advanced notice is given to all
requesting waste disposal requirements and waste manifests. The waste disposal company
will then advise of segregation of waste requirements and collection dates. Nominated
representatives from the groups are requested to participate in the process.
10.11 Glass and sharps waste
Laboratories will have a number of disposal bins. All sharp objects and broken glass
must be disposed in labeled bins and not go into the general rubbish bins. Small
quantities of contaminated materials can also be disposed into these bins. Bins should be
sealed with a lid and taken down to the CPE Stores Officer for disposal arrangements.
Bins must be sealed before handing over to the Stores Officer. Empty bins are available
from CPE stores.
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11 Insurance for Staff and Students
Workers compensation
All Curtin University staff paid through the payroll is covered under the University's workers'
compensation insurance policy with GlO. Workers sustaining a work related injury are
immediately required to report about the injury to their supervisor. If medical treatment is
required, a medical certificate must be obtained from the medical practitioner and this
should be forwarded to Human Resources. HR will then assist in the completion of the
relevant forms and forward to the insurers. The insurers will then contact the claimant within
fourteen (14) days in writing.
Personal accident insurance and indemnity insurance
(Student Work/Field Experience and Voluntary Workers of the University)
The Personal accident insurance policy covers students doing a course or organized any
work/field experience and volunteers working for the University. The cover is limited within
Australia. For insurance to be effected, all voluntary workers of the University and enrolled
students undertaking the above activities must be registered with the University. Please see
Annexure-2. This form should be given to the Finance officer for further processing.
In the event of body injury causing death by accident or specified illness, permanent or
temporary disablement, medical documentation must be sought from the relevant authority.
Recovery of medical expenses is initially claimed from the relevant private health fund or
Medicare. The balance may be claimed through this policy.
Where specifically requested by the host organization, indemnity insurance cover can be
provided to students undertaking work/field experience as a formal requirement of
indemnifying the host organization against any negligent action by the student.
For details on insurance visit Curtin's websitehttp://www.curtinedu.au80/curtinIdeptIhr/
Please familiarize your-self with this document.
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12 Safety Declaration and Questionnaire
Attached is a safety induction quiz that must be completed by all new staff and research
students working in CCEIC laboratory. This is to ensure that you have read and understood
the safety and laboratory protocols while working in the CCEIC. There is a declaration for you
and your supervisor to sign. This is to be submitted to the Deputy Director or Director
CCEIC. Incorrect answered questions will result in the quiz being returned for correction.
You will not be granted access to the laboratory before the quiz is completed and approved.
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SAFETY DECLARATION
I have read the ‘Laboratory Safety Induction and Handbook’. I will follow all safety regulations
outlined in this and understand my obligation to assist in maintaining a safe working
environment at CCEIC. Before commencing any new experiments, I will perform a risk
assessment and obtain necessary approvals from my research supervisor and the line
manager.
Name (print):
ID No.
School/Department:
Signed:
Date:
Supervisor/Line Manager’s Name (print):
School/Department:
Signed:
Date:
For the Deputy Director / Director, CCEIC;
Quiz completed:
Declaration signed:
Cardex access granted:
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QUESTIONNAIRE
1.
In a life threatening situation, what phone number should be dialed
(a) 5
(b) 0000
(c) 5000
(d) 55
2.
What is the minimum PPE required in the CCEIC laboratory?
(a) Safety glasses and closed sleeves
(b) Closed sleeves, long trousers and laboratory coat
(c) Safety shoes, safety glasses, closed sleeves, long trousers and laboratory coat
(d) Safety glasses, closed sleeves and long trousers only
3.
When preparing a risk assessment, what are the six elements of the hierarchy of
controls?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.
How do you obtain SDS?
5.
Who is/are the CCEIC’s floor warden?
i.
6.
ii.
iii.
6.
What should you do before undertaking any new procedure and who should approve
this?
7.
Who is responsible for ensuring the SDS when your newly purchased chemical is
placed on ChemAlert?
(a) Director, CCEIC
(b) Stores officer, CPE
(c) You
(d) Your line manager
8.
Does hydrochloric acid require health surveillance? Yes / No
9.
What you should do if you want to use styrene in the laboratory?
10.
Ideally, which solutions you can store in plastic containers?
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Annexure-1
Fume hoods
1.
All experimental work should be carried out in fume-hood; You should have the
manufacturers Hazard Sheets if you use technical materials or refer to the chemical
safety literature and labels for chemicals. For unfamiliar materials, seek additional
advice through the MSDS or from the University Occupational Health and Safety
Officer,
2. Decide whether it would be prudent to work first on a smaller trial scale. Do not overrate the ability of even the best fume hood to deal safely with massive sudden
releases of toxic gases or to contain fire and explosion from high energy chemicals.
3. Ensure that the fume hood, which is not designed for storage is free from all internal
obstructions. The air flow across the sill can be locally reversed through objects far
behind the sash.
4. Check that the exhaust flow, lights and all electrical, gas and plumbing services within
the fume hood are working. A fire extinguisher within reach is a necessary
requirement of the new standards. If the airflow is inadequate, inform the Technical
Coordinator who will organize a detailed survey.
5. Check the draughts from windows and doors so that the area will not affect the air
flow across the sill.
6. Establish the experimental equipment well within the fume hood before any reagent
is introduced.
7. Work with the sash of the fume hood at the lowest position throughout the entire
operation. If any toxic hazard exists, the operators head should never cross the
vertical plane within which the sash rises and falls. Dispose of products and excess
reagents within the fume hood if they are toxic.
8. There is an upper limit (normally 2 L) of the flammable solvents to be used or stored
in a fume hood.
9. All fume hoods have an indicator light which shows if there is a fault with the fume
hood.
If the following 3 key points are not met, cancel the operation or move it to a suitable fume
hood in another Department/School.
Key points are:
Is the fume hood running (check the warning light?) Are the quantities
minimal? Is the sash down?
Are you outside?
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Annexure- 2
Indemnity
Curtin University has indemnity insurance and Curtin undertakes that it will indemnify and
keep indemnified the provider against all legal liability, actions, suits, proceedings, claims,
demands, costs and expenses whatsoever which may arise or be made or taken against the
provider or be incurred or become payable by the provider in respect of any negligent act or
omission on the part of the student while on the provider's premises pursuant to this
Agreement or which arise from the provision of the said work/field experience to the student
but this indemnity shall not extend to any liability, actions, suits, proceedings, claims,
demands, costs and expenses arising out of any negligent act or omission by the provider or
any of its employees or agents.
An indemnity issued by-the University is valid only when:
• the work/field experience is a formal requirement of the course/unit
• the student is enrolled in the University at the time of the work/field experience
• the student does not receive any remuneration for the work experience placement
• the school/department/centre has approved the work/field experience
• copy of the completed indemnity has been lodged with AON Risk Services prior to
commencement of the work/field experience
Students registered for indemnity insurance are automatically covered by Curtin’s personal
accident insurance cover within Australia.
SCHOOL/DEPARTMENT/CENTRE TO COMPLETE
STUDENT'S NAME:
COURSE DETAILS:
COURSE CONTROLLER NAME:
AUTHORISED SIGNATURE:
DATE:
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Annexure- 3
CURTIN CORROSION ENGINEERING
INDUSTRY CENTRE
Chemical Risk Assessment
Worksheet
INTRODUCTION
The questions in this Worksheet are designed to prompt you to think about the risks you face when using
chemicals and whether you believe the current controls will adequately protect you. You should not proceed
with the use of a product if you believe it is unsafe.
There are two elements to the Risk Assessment: You will need a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the product
(obtained from Chem Alert or from the supplier); and you will need to consider circumstances of use in your
area. Complete the Risk Assessment in consultation with your supervisor.
SECTION 1:
SUMMARY (from SDS)
Chemical / Product Name
Storage Location
Building:
Room:
Manufacturer / Supplier
Lab for Intended Use
Building:
Safety Data Sheet
Is a current SDS Available? (You must obtain it)
Yes
Room:
Hazardous and Dangerous Goods
Is the chemical classified as Hazardous?
No
Yes
Assessment Date:
No
Is the chemical classified as Dangerous Goods?
Yes
Class:
No
(if applicable)
Sub Class:
Assessor
SECTION 2:
Supervisor
USE
Task Description:
(Including any storage or disposal requirements)
Concentration:
(%)
Note:
Quantity:
(including units)
Duration of
Use:
Frequency of
Use:
Substances that are not classified as a Hazardous Substance or Dangerous Good require
no further assessment (i.e. you do not need to compete the remaining sections).
SECTION 3:
HOW CAN EXPOSURE OCCUR?
Dermal (Skin):
Eyes:
Inhalation:
Solid
Dust
Aerosol
Liquid
Ingestion:
Injection:
Vapour Aerosols
Dust
Aerosol
Gas
Aerosols
Liquid
Dust
Liquid
Pressure
Sharp objects
Open wounds
Hygiene
Who is potentially exposed? :
(e.g. Students, Lab Staff, Researchers, Others)
SECTION 4:
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Acute (Immediate) Effects
Chronic (Delayed) Effects
Eye and skin Irritant / Corrosion
Sensitising Agent (Skin/Inhalation)
Central Nervous System
Carcinogenic
Asphyxiant (Inhalation)
Liver/Kidney Disease
Respiratory Tract Irritant
Brain/Nerve Disease
Toxic by Skin Exposure
Respiratory Disease
Toxic by Ingestion
Reproductive System Disease
Other (Specify):
Other (Specify):
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CURTIN CORROSION ENGINEERING
INDUSTRY CENTRE
SECTION 5: RISK RANKING WITH EXISTING CONTROLS IN PLACE
Risk Matrix
LIKELIHOOD DESCRIPTION
LIKELIHOOD
The event may
occur only in
exceptional
circumstances
Not expected The event
The event will
but the event could occur at probably occur
may occur at some time
in most
some time
circumstances
IMPACTS
Likelihood Level
Highly Unlikely
Multiple fatalities.
Permanent Total
Disability
Catastrophic
Single fatality.
Permanent Total
Disability
Major
Lost Time injury
<10 days.
Injury or illness
requiring Medical
Treatment
No injury or illness;
or
Minor injury or
illness requiring
First Aid treatment
Consequence Level
CONSEQUENCE DESCRIPTION
Health and Safety
Lost Time Injury
>10 days.
Incident reportable
to relevant
Authorities.
The event is
occur or has
and is continu
impact
Possible
Likely
Highly
Extreme
High
Moderate
Minor
Unlikely
Medium
Low
Insignificant
So the questions are: based on the above matrix:
What could be the consequences?
What is the likelihood of that happening?
What is the risk rating?
Note: If the rating is above LOW,
Risk Management action is required.
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CURTIN CORROSION ENGINEERING
INDUSTRY CENTRE
Risk Management Action
Risk Level
Extreme
High
Medium
Low
Response
Immediate action required to reduce exposure. A detailed mitigation plan must be
developed, implemented and monitored by senior management to reduce the risk to as
low as reasonably practicable.
A mitigation plan shall be developed and authorized by area manager or supervisor to
reduce the risk to as low as reasonably practicable. The effectiveness of risk control
strategies shall be monitored and reported to management and relevant committee.
A mitigation plan shall be developed. Control strategies are implemented and
periodically monitored.
Manage by documented routine processes and procedures. Monitor periodically to
determine situation changes which may affect the risk.
SECTION 6:
REQUIRED CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE RISK
Control
Example
1.
Elimination
Eliminate materials or elements of the process that carry
significant risk.
2.
Substitution
Substitute a safer chemical or safer process.
3.
Isolation
Barriers, enclosures, remote operation.
4.
Engineering
Local exhaust ventilation, dilution ventilation.
5.
Administrative
Supervision, use of safe work procedures,
housekeeping, organisation of work to limit contact,
standards, training, signage.
6.
PPE
SECTION 7:
Intention to
apply
Face shields, safety glasses, goggles, gloves, aprons.
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO REDUCE RISK
List specific actions that will be carried out for each of the controls you nominated in Section 6.
Control
Action
1.
Elimination
2.
3.
Substitution
Isolation
4.
5.
Engineering
Administrative
6.
PPE
Note:
If after the implementation of all of the controls above, the risks of using the assessed
chemical remain MODERATE or higher (based on the Risk Matrix in Section 5); expert
advice must be obtained so as to reduce risk before proceeding.
The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (1996) require that Risk Assessments are
retained. Risk Assessments must be revised if procedures change and are to be reviewed
every 5 years. Save a copy of this Risk Assessment, to be retained in your area. Give it a
unique name (eg CRA + product name + your name). Send a copy to Health and Safety.
Any queries should be directed to the Curtin Health and Safety Ext. 4900.
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Health & Safety Risk Assessment
Activity / Task / Location:
Date:
Developed by:
Approved By:
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Control
Residual
Risk Assessment
Date Finalised
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) eg: gloves, goggles
Who is responsible to
5. Administrative eg: Safe W ork Procedure, training;
Risk Score
4. Engineering eg: guarding, separation, redesign;
Likelihood
3. Isolate eg: enclosures, restricted access;
Consequence
Risk Score
Likelihood
Potential Hazards
Consequence
Activity
2. Substitute eg: replace with less hazardous process, material
implement the changes
Risk Control Measures
1. Eliminate, eg: eliminate task, remove hazard
Health & Safety Risk Matrix
49
DETERMINING THE RISK LEVEL:
Risk Level = Consequence Level x Likelihood Level
Maximum Foreseeable Exposure: For each risk, select the expected Consequence Level and the expected Likelihood Level assuming controls are either not in place or controls fail.
Residual Risk Exposure: For each risk, select the expected Consequence Level and the expected Likelihood Level given the type and effectiveness of the controls that are in place.
LIKELIHOOD DESCRIPTION
LIKELIHOOD
The event may occur only in
exceptional circumstances
Not expected but the event
may occur at some time
IMPACTS
The event could occur at
some time
The event will probably
occur in most
circumstances
The event is expected to occur or has
occurred and is continuing to impact
Likelihood Level
Highly Unlikely
Unlikely
Possible
Likely
Highly Likely
Health and Safety
Catastrophic
Multiple fatalities.
Extreme
CONSEQUENCE DESCRIPTION
Permanent Total Disability
Major
Single fatality.
High
Permanent Total Disability
Lost Time Injury >10 days.
Moderate
Medium
Incident reportable to relevant
Authorities.
Lost Time injury <10 days.
Minor
Low
Injury or illness requiring Medical
Treatment
No injury or illness; or
Insignificant
Minor injury or illness requiring First Aid
treatment
Risk Response: Apply the appropriate response based on the assessed Risk Level
RISK MANAGEMENT ACTION
RISK LEVEL
Extreme
High
Medium
Low
RESPONSE
Immediate action required to reduce exposure. A detailed mitigation plan must be developed, implemented and monitored by senior management to reduce the risk to as low as reasonably
practicable.
A mitigation plan shall be developed and authorized by area manager or supervisor to reduce the risk to as low as reasonably practicable. The effectiveness of risk control strategies shall be
monitored and reported to management and relevant committee.
A mitigation plan shall be developed. Control strategies are implemented and periodically monitored.
Manage by documented routine processes and procedures, monitor periodically to determine situation changes which may affect the risk
50
50
50
Annexure 4
General housekeeping
In building 614, the laboratory space is limited. So we rely on everyone working in this
space to participate in good housekeeping. This includes:
•
Clean your working bench before you leave the laboratory
•
Clean the equipment after use
•
Label solutions and experiments as described in the Laboratory Handbook
•
Check with laboratory staff before you discard or dispose any items. They may
belong to someone else

Emergency procedures and person’s contact details are to be displayed in case of
overnight or unattended experiments
•
Please do not hesitate to ask if you have questions or doubts.
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology.
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J (W A), 02637B (NSW )
Copyright Curtin University of Technology 2012
51