AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF BOLZANO ALTO ADIGE
1. ------IND- 2012 0345 I-- EN- ------ 20120807 --- --- PROJET
Provincial Council
Resolution
No 939
Session of 25 June 2012
Subject:
Energy performance of buildings Transposition of Directive 2010/31/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the
energy performance of buildings
27.4
Proposal drafted by
Department/Office No
The Provincial Council
Having regard to Article 127 of the Provincial Law on urban planning, Provincial law No 13 of 11 August
1997,
the attached provisions on the energy performance of buildings,
the opinion of the Council of Municipalities, Prot. No 2484 of 29 May 2012, of which the most important
provisions, including Points 5.4, 6.2, and part of Point 11 in particular, have been entered into the provisions;
whereas the Autonomous Province of Bolzano is working to ensure environmentally-sustainable
development;
having observed that the Autonomous Province of Bolzano adopts measures which enable continuous
reduction of energy consumption and that it is committed to minimising the use of non-renewable energy
sources;
having observed that the Autonomous Province of Bolzano encourages improved energy efficiency in both
existing and new buildings, to ensure the development and best use of renewable energies and their
integration, in favour of eco-compatible technologies;
having observed that the Directives and criteria pursuant to Article 127 of the Provincial law on urban
planning must be adapted to the new objectives and requirements, and that the corresponding provincial
legislation must therefore be brought into line;
hereby resolves
by legally cast unanimous votes:
the attached provisions;
The Provincial Council Resolutions No 1609 of 15 June 2009 (Energy-related renovation of existing buildings
with extensions), No 2299 of 30 June 2008 (Energy efficiency), No 1969 of 27 July 2009 (energy certificate
for apartments), and No 2545 of 12 July 2004, shall hereby be repealed.
This provision shall enter into effect after the conclusion of the notification proceedings pursuant to Articles 8
and 9 of Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998.
Until entry into force, after the conclusion of the notification proceedings, the provisions of the Provincial
President’s Decree No 34, of 29 September 2004, as well as the resolutions of the Provincial Council No
1609 of 15 June 2009 (Energy-related renovation of existing buildings with extensions), No 2299 of 30 June
2008 (Energy efficiency), No 1969 of 27 July 2009 (energy certificate for apartments) shall remain in force.
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This provision shall be published in the Official Gazette of the Region. All interested parties shall be bound to
observe and ensure observance of these regulations.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PROVINCE
THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
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Provisions on the energy performance of buildings – Transposition of Directive 2010/31/EU of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of
buildings
Having regard to
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources,
Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy
performance of buildings
the provisions of Legislative Decree No 192, of 19 August 2005, amended by Legislative Decree
No 311, of 29 December 2006, on the energy performance of buildings,
the provisions of Legislative Decree No 28, of 3 March 2011, on the promotion of the use of energy
from renewable sources,
Provincial law No 13 of 11 August 1997 on urban planning,
taking into account:
the Ministerial Decree of 26 June 2009, national provisions for energy certification of buildings,
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the related protocol of 11
December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol,
the Alpine Convention, the resolution of the X Alpine Conference of March 2009, an action plan on
climate change in the Alps,
the Commission’s communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM (2011) 109 final, Energy Efficiency
Plan 2011,
the Resolution of the Provincial Council for the Autonomous Province of Bolzano — Alto Adige no
940, of 20 June 2011, A Strategy for the Climate and Energy — Alto Adige — 2050,
Whereas:
1) The Autonomous Province of Bolzano intends to take responsibility for protecting the climate.
The objectives and measures of the Strategy for the Climate and Energy — Alto Adige — 2050
set out the plan to be followed for the next four decades.
2) The Autonomous Province of Bolzano — Alto Adige adopts measures which will ensure a
consistent reduction in energy consumption per capita and undertakes to phase out the use of
energy from fossil fuel sources.
3) The Autonomous Province of Bolzano — Alto Adige encourages improved energy efficiency in
both existing and new buildings, to ensure the development and best use of renewable energies
and their integration, in favour of eco-compatible technologies.
4) The existing provisions and criteria pursuant to Article 127 of the Provincial Law on urban
planning, Provincial law No 13 of 11 August 1997, must be adapted to meet the new objectives
and requirements, which necessitates a new version of the corresponding Provincial Council
resolutions.
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1. Subject
These provisions shall govern the following:
a) the method for calculating the energy performance of the building envelope and the energy
performance of buildings;
b) minimum requirements for the energy performance of new buildings;
c) minimum requirements for the energy performance of existing buildings;
d) certification procedure and criteria for the energy certification of buildings;
e) use of energy from renewable sources in new and existing buildings;
f) the accreditation of the experts and services needed to guarantee an independent control
system to check the application of this provision.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this provision, the following definitions shall apply:
a. “building”: a construction consisting of a roof and walls, in which energy is used to control
the internal climate;
b. “new building”: a newly-built construction;
c. “existing building”: a building which already existed legally on 12 January 2005 or which had
been commissioned prior to that date;
d. “residential building”: a building intended primarily for residential use;
e. “unit of real estate”: a part, floor or apartment in a building, designed or adapted for separate
use;
f. “residential unit”: a unit of real estate intended for residential use;
g. “ClimateHouse class”: a classification of buildings pursuant to Annex 1, defined on the basis
of an assessment of the energy performance of buildings and the energy performance of the
building envelope;
h. “ClimateHouse nature”: classification of buildings pursuant to Annex 2, defined based on an
assessment of the sustainability of the building materials and corresponding processes used as
well as water use;
i. “ClimateHouse protocol”: a standard energy certification procedure for buildings in order to
attest to a ClimateHouse Class;
j. “energy performance of a building”: the amount of energy, whether calculated or measured,
which is necessary to meet the energy demands of the building when used for the intended
purpose. This includes, in particular, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, production
of hot water, and lighting.
k. “primary energy”: energy from renewable and non-renewable sources, which has not been
converted or undergone processing;
l. “energy from renewable sources”: energy from renewable, non-fossil sources, i.e. wind, solar,
aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, marine, hydraulic, biomass, landfill gas, waste gas
from refining processes, and biogas;
m. “building envelope”: integral parts of a building that separate the interior from the outside
environment or from parts of the interior where the climate is not controlled;
n. “energy performance of the building envelope”: the value of the annual heat demands,
resulting from the loss of heat through transfer and ventilation and the accumulation of solar
and internal heat;
o. “technical system for buildings”: all the parts of the technological system used for heating,
cooling, ventilation, production of hot water and lighting of a building or real estate unit, or
for a combination of these functions;
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p. “major restructuring”: restructuring of a building which, not counting the surface of the
windows, affects more than 25 % of the surface of the building envelope, through which the
nature of the building is modified;
q. “ClimateHouse certification”: a document which is recognised in Alto Adige and which
shows the calculated value of the energy performance of a building calculated according to
one of the methods set out in Article 3;
r. “cost-optimal level”: level of energy performance at the lowest cost during the estimated
economic life cycle, where the lowest cost is determined taking into account investment costs
linked to energy, cost of maintenance and operation (including energy costs and savings, the
type of building concerned and any profits derived from energy production), and, where
relevant, any disposal costs. The economic life cycle is defined based on Directive EN 15459.
The cost-optimal level falls within the scale of performance levels in which the cost-benefit
analysis calculated on the economic life cycle is positive;
s. “district heating” or “district cooling”: the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam,
hot water, or cooled liquids from a central production source to a group of buildings or sites
via a network, for heating or cooling areas or work processes.
3. Setting a calculation method for the energy performance of buildings
3.1 The energy performance of buildings is calculated in accordance with Annex 3 and certified in
accordance with the ClimateHouse Protocol.
3.2 The energy performance of buildings may only be calculated by experts who are listed on the
relevant professional registers. For this reason, the current legislation applies regarding activities
which are allocated or reserved, whether exclusively or not, to each profession.
4. Minimum requirements for the energy performance of buildings
4.1 The minimum requirements apply to the energy performance of new buildings and the energy
performance of buildings which have undergone major restructuring, as well as the replacement or
upgrading of the technical systems for the building or parts of the building. The minimum
requirements refer to the characteristics and energy performance of the building envelope, with
regard to primary energy and the use of renewable energies. These must be clearly specified on the
energy certificate. Whether the requirements have been met, and whether there is a failure to meet
such requirements in the cases set out in Points 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 shall be determined in the
form of technical and economic documentation by a qualified technician.
4.2 The following building categories shall be exempt from the obligation to meet the minimum
energy performance requirements without further documentation:
a) buildings which are protected historic buildings, pursuant to Legislative Decree No 42 of 22
January 2004, and Provincial Law No 26 of 12 June 1975, as well as buildings which are part
of a protected area, where observance of the requirements would involve an unacceptable
alteration of their nature in architectural or historical and artistic terms;
b) buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities;
c) agricultural buildings, industrial and small-scale craftsman’s buildings;
d) stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50 m².
4.3 New buildings must satisfy the following minimum requirements:
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a) energy performance of the building envelope no less than ClimateHouse class B. From 1
January 2015, the limit values must be no less than ClimateHouse class A;
b) carbon dioxide emissions from buildings which are not classified as residential buildings must
not exceed the limit value for 100 kg CO2/m²a. Carbon dioxide emissions in residential
buildings must not exceed the limit value in kg CO2/m²a, based on degree days of heating in
the place in question (HGTi) (Annex 4).
Table 1:
permitted CO emissions for residential buildings
Degree days during
the heating period
CO2 limit value
HGTi  3000
3000  HGTi  5000
30 kg CO2/m²a
30 
HGTi  3000  kg CO
100
5000  HGTi
2
50 kg
/ m2a
CO2 / m 2 a
c) at least 40 % of the total primary energy demand must come from renewable energy sources.
From 1 January 2017, the percentage shall be 50 %.
The requirement mentioned in Letter c) shall not apply where the cost-optimal level cannot be met
or where the building falls under the ClimateHouse Gold class.
4.4 Any work carried out on the envelope of buildings subject to major restructuring must guarantee
the cost-optimal level.
4.5 In the event that the building’s technical systems are replaced or upgraded, products must be
used which correspond to the most modern state of the art. At least 25 % of the total primary energy
demand must come from renewable energy sources. From 1 January 2017, the percentage shall be
30 %. This requirement shall not apply where the cost-optimal level cannot be met, or where the
entire thermal energy demand is met by district heating.
4.6 At least 60 % of the demand for domestic hot water in new buildings or buildings which have
undergone major restructuring, or where the building’s technical systems have been replaced or
upgraded must be met by renewable energy sources. This requirement shall not apply where the
cost-optimal level cannot be met, or where the entire thermal energy demand is met by district
heating.
4.7 Electrical energy demands in new buildings or buildings which have undergone major
restructuring shall, where this is technically possible, be met using renewable energy sources, which
have a maximum performance of at least 20 W per m² of the building’s surface area and which are
located inside or on the building. This requirement shall not apply where at least 90 % of the
electrical energy supplied by the grid administrator comes from renewable sources.
4.8 Components of new buildings and buildings which have been completely or partially
restructured, or which are used in the event of extraordinary maintenance of the building envelope
or the extension of existing buildings, must comply with the limit values for the heat transfer
coefficients and for protection from summer heat based on the climate zone of the area, in
accordance with Annexes 4 and 5.
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4.9 Up until 1 January 2015, a plaque indicating the energy consumption must be displayed on all
public buildings.
5. ClimateHouse certification — scope, procedure, and management
5.1 ClimateHouse certification in accordance with this provision (Annex 6) shall be necessary for
all new buildings and for all buildings undergoing major restructuring, including in the event of sale
or rental of buildings or single residential units.
5.2 The ClimateHouse certificate is issued by the ClimateHouse agency. It must be submitted to the
competent authority prior to the issue of the licence for use.
5.3 The ClimateHouse agency shall manage a list of ClimateHouse certifications and shall be
responsible for updating it on a regular basis.
5.4 Where planning permission or authorisation is required, or measures for which it is necessary to
declare the start of activities, the purchaser must issue a self-declared request for planning
permission or a declaration of the start of activities, which must be sent with the documents
necessary to calculate the energy performance to the ClimateHouse agency. The ClimateHouse
certification shall be issued within 60 days of receiving the declaration that works are finished,
which shall be submitted by the purchaser.
6. ClimateHouse certification – Validity
6.1 The ClimateHouse certification shall be valid for 10 years from the issue date and must be
updated in the event of any operations which cause substantial changes to the energy performance
of the building.
6.2 If no building operations pursuant to 5.4 have taken place, the owner or property manager shall,
prior to the expiry date of the ClimateHouse certification, enter their own declaration which shall
extend the validity of the certification by a further 10 years. A copy of this declaration must be sent
to the ClimateHouse agency.
7. Certificate of energy performance in the event of sale or letting
7.1 In the event of sale or letting of an existing building or individual residential units, a certificate
of energy performance, for the duration of the contract only and where there is no ClimateHouse
certification, may be obtained as follows:
a) based on an assessment of the individual residential unit and signed by the owner pursuant to
Annex A of the Ministerial Decree of 26 June 2009, “National Guidelines for the energy
certification of buildings”;
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b) through a certificate issued by the owner (Annex 7), in the case of buildings or single
residential units of ClimateHouse class G.
7.2 A copy of the energy performance certificate or self-issued certificate must be sent to the
ClimateHouse agency within 60 days of drawing up the contract.
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8 Provisions concerning existing buildings
8.1 To increase the energy performance of existing buildings, the Provincial Council is authorised
to draw up further provisions on the matter. These provisions may refer to the supply of technical
systems for the building, as well as regulations for the supply of energy services.
9 Monitoring and sanctions
9.1 The ClimateHouse agency may carry out inspections and may request the documents and
information necessary for management in accordance with 5.3.
9.2 If, after the completion of building works, it transpires that the minimum requirements pursuant
to Point 4 have not been met, based on a statement sent to the competent authorities, administrative
sanctions pursuant to the Provincial law on urban planning shall be imposed.
10 Transitional measures
10.1 Any ClimateHouse certification awarded to a whole building prior to the entry into force of
this resolution shall be extended to include the individual residential units which make up that
building.
10.2 The cubic volume already used on the basis of the indications contained in Provincial Council
Resolution No 1609 of 15 June 2009 and subsequent amendments (Energy-related renovation of
existing buildings with extensions) shall be deducted from the cubic volume pursuant to Point 11.2.
11. The “Cubic volume Bonus” system of incentives
11.1 In order to encourage energy performance, the permitted cubic volume for new buildings shall
be increased for a limited period of time, in accordance with the table below.
ClimateHouse
by 31.12.2014
normal
Nature
by 31.12.2019
normal
Nature
B
minimum
10 %
---------------------
---------------
A
10 %
15 %
minimum
10 %
11.2 In the event of major restructuring of an existing residential building, the cubic volume may be
increased to a maximum of 200 m³, if the building has a cubic volume on storeys higher than the
ground floor of at least 300 m³ and if the building works result in the building being upgraded to at
least a ClimateHouse class C. To this end, the maximum height may be exceeded by up to 1 m.
Attic space which exists in legal terms by which has not previously been considered as cubic
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volume shall be recognised as existing cubic volume where it is converted for residential purposes
with the addition of the cubic volume bonus. This extension is independent of and does not affect
any other building rights in force. It can be combined with other building rights, which may also be
claimed at the same time. They may not be combined with an extension of the building rights
pursuant to Articles 108 and 128(b) of the Provincial Law on urban planning. This measure is
limited in time until 31 December 2019 and shall not apply to areas containing production sites, in
woods or in Alpine green areas.
11.3 The permitted cubic volume in residential areas may be raised by up to 20 % if the extension is
to be used for the creation of new residential units. The maximum height may be exceeded by up to
3 m. The Municipality shall have access to the drafting or modification of the implementation plans.
In the event of an extension without any prior drafting or modification of the implementation plan,
the height of the external walls must not exceed the distance from the neighbouring building, which
may not in any case be less than 10 m. In this situation, the height of the wall shall be equal to the
distance between the level of the adjacent land and the section between the external walls and the
roof. If the gradient of a slope is greater than 45°, that section must be noted as having a gradient of
45°, measure from the highest point of the slope having a gradient of over 45°. Where the maximum
permitted height is exceeded by more than 3m, an implementation plan must be drawn up or the
current implementation plan modified. In the event of demolition or rebuilding, the cubic volume
may be increased only if the building works result in the building achieving ClimateHouse class A
or higher. Within 18 months of the entry into force of this provision, the Municipal Council must
decide on the circumstances in which drawing up or modifying an existing implementation plan will
be mandatory. The Municipal Council may also decide under what circumstances the cubic volume
may not be increased. In Municipalities with over 15 000 inhabitants, the abovementioned decisions
may be made by the Municipal District Council. This measure shall expire on 31 December 2019.
11.4 The extension of buildings which are a protected part of cultural heritage or which are in close
proximity to cultural heritage buildings must not affect the appearance of the building and may be
approved only after the competent authorities have given their favourable opinion. For buildings
within protected areas or areas undergoing restoration, the specific characteristics which require
protection or restoration must be maintained.
11.5 The additional cubic volume used to build new residential units pursuant to 11.1, 11.2, and
11.3 shall carry the obligation to draw up a convention pursuant to Article 79 of the Provincial Law
on urban planning. Where the building undergoing extension is already the subject of a convention
or supported in accordance with the Law on supported residential buildings pursuant to 11.2, the
same obligations shall apply to the extended building as apply to the existing building under the
convention pursuant to Article 79 of the Provincial Law on urban planning and for the purposes of
protecting social functions pursuant to Article 62 of the Law on supported residential buildings,
including the duration of this obligations.
11.6 The size of the cubic volume bonus must be specifically mentioned in the building contract.
The corresponding building contracts must be reported to the Municipal Council under the
appropriate register.
12 Annexes
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Annex 1
ClimateHouse classes
Annex 2
ClimateHouse nature criteria
Annex 3
Calculation method for the energy performance of buildings
Annex 4
Table of heating degree days for the Alto-Adige Municipal Councils
Annex 5
Limit values for heat transfer coefficients
Annex 6
ClimateHouse certification (Copy)
Annex 7
ClimateHouse class G certificate, for self-certification
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Annex 1:
ClimateHouse
class
Performance of the envelope
GOLD
≤ 10 kWh/m²a
A
≤ 30 kWh/m²a
B
≤ 50 kWh/m²a
C
≤ 70 kWh/m²a
D
≤ 90 kWh/m²a
E
≤ 120 kWh/m²a
F
≤ 160 kWh/m²a
G
more than 160 kWh/m²a
Table 1:
ClimateHouse classes : Performance of the
building envelope
ClimateHouse
class
Overall performance
GOLD
≤ 5 kg CO2/m²a
A
≤ 10 kg CO2/m²a
B
≤ 20 kg CO2/m²a
C
≤ 30 kg CO2/m²a
D
≤ 40 kg CO2/m²a
E
≤ 75 kg CO2/m²a
F
≤ 100 kg CO2/m²a
G
more than 100 kg CO2/m²a
Table 2:
ClimateHouse classes: Overall performance
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Annex 2
ClimateHousenature
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guide lines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
CasaClimanature Classification .......................................................................................... 2
1.1
Energy and environmental ...................................................................................................................................................2
1.2
Calculation using software ...................................................................................................................................................2
1.3
Materials ..............................................................................................................................................................................2
2.0
Environmental impact assessment of building materials ............................................. 3
2.1
Bonuspoints .........................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2
Additional points and exclusions ..........................................................................................................................................4
3.0
Water impact assessment of the building ...................................................................... 5
3.1
Calculation procedure ..........................................................................................................................................................5
3.2
Tables for assessing waterproofing and water consumption....................................................................................................6
4.0
Quality of the internal environment ................................................................................. 7
4.1
Materials and products based on glued wood (panels, beams, coverings, floorings, etc.) ..................................................7
4.2
Liquid products applied to indoor surfaces ..........................................................................................................................8
4.2.1
VOC .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
4.2.2
Risk phrases* ................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2.3
Heavy metals* ............................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2.4
Organic compounds** ................................................................................................................................. 10
4.2.5
Formaldehyde* ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.3
Average daylight factor ...................................................................................................................................................11
4.4
Acoustic comfort ..............................................................................................................................................................11
4.5
Radon .................................................................................................................................................................................12
Page 2 of 12
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guide lines
1.0
ClimateHousenature Classification
1.1
Energy and environmental
The ClimateHousenature certificate is a quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of the materials used in the
construction of a building as well as an evaluation of the buildings impact in terms of water.
The ClimateHousenature certificate is based on an assessment of the energy performance of the building envelope ((≤ 50
Wh/m²a according to the climate data from the province in question) as well as the overall performance of the building
(≤ 20 kg CO2 equ /m²a).
An environmental assessment of the materials used is carried out using the ProCasaClima 2009 programme. 300 points
is the maximum value allowed to be eligible for ClimateHousenature certification for residential buildings.
ClimateHousenature certification includes a water impact assessment, using a comparative calculation carried out in the first
stage by the ClimateHouse agency. The minimum value required to be eligible for ClimateHousenature certification is 35 %
better than the standard (see Article 3.0).
The comfortable environment is assessed by checking the application of the requirements pursuant to 4.
For non-residential buildings, there are specific systems for environmental certification which are issued by independent
institutions authorised by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano.
1.2
Calculation using software
- In the initial phase, the performance of the building envelope and the overall performance must be calculated by
inserting all the necessary data.
- The user may decide on the materials used for the energy calculation, even if the products have no environmental
certification.
- Duplicate the energy calculation and add the extension “nature”. In this project, the “nature” calculation will be carried
out
- All the elements considered in the environmental impact assessment, including those not used for the energy
calculation, must be entered into the duplicate project, “nature”.
- Enter the geometric calculation of the internal surfaces (with corresponding polylines) into the “project ClimateHouse”
table.
1.3
Materials
In the “nature” calculation, only materials contained in the “ClimateHouse catalogue” may be used. Where the material
carries the right to Bonuspoints, a material with a green card and red seal, must be selected. In all other cases (where
no Bonuspoints can be claimed) select materials with a green card only.
Page 2 of 12
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2.0
Environmental impact assessment of building materials
The “nature” indicator is calculated as follows:
structural elements
Surface indications for the “nature” calculation, volume refers to
gross heated volume VB.
Walkable surfaces
All the walkable surfaces of the gross heated volume must be included in the
“nature” calculation (in accordance with ClimateHouse guidelines).
Walls and ceiling
structures
All building elements already entered in the energy calculation must be
included in the “nature” calculation. The gross height of the storey will be
taken into account.
Finishings and wall
coverings
All internal and external finishings and all coverings over the ventilation
(walls and roofs) must be included in the “nature” calculation.
Exemptions
The following elements must not be included in the “nature” calculation:
-
internal or external structural stairs
-
foundation structures (plinths, posts)
-
internal doors
-
terraces, parapets, protrusions (e.g. from the roof)
-
decorative stairs within or without the heated envelope
-
internal walls and ceiling structures
Table N1: surfaces to be used for the environmental impact assessment of the whole building
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2.1 Bonuspoints
The following materials will carry “Bonuspoints”:
(green card with red seal in the ClimateHouse catalogue):
- Stone materials produced within 200 km of the building site (extraction site, processing and supply)
- Brick materials produced within 500 km of the building site (clay extraction site, production, processing and supply)
- Wooden materials with an FSC/PEFC certificate or which are produced within 500km of the building site (timber felling
site, processing and supply, certified forest management)
- Materials having an environmental product certificate with calculation of the LCA including indication of PEI, AP and
GWP 100 values. The certificate must be drawn up by third parties and must indicate the reference standard.
2.2 Additional points and exclusions
The following materials carry “additional points”:
- The use of PVC products is not excluded but it may increase the final score by up to 50 points. An exception is
made for recycled and 100 % lead-free PVC products (Ca-Zn – PVC).
- Products (i.e. foams and foam insulation) containing substances which damage the ozone layer (e.g. Chloro-fluorocarbons, FKW, HFBKW, HFCKW, or HFKW) may not be used. The substances are set out in groups I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, and “New Substances”, a notice in the European Union Official Journal C224/3 of 05 August 2000, Annex 1.
- Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
- Tropical wood may not be used.
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3.0
Water impact assessment of the building
Minimum requirements: Water impact index W KW > 35 %
Calculating the water impact index results in a value which takes into account the efficiency of the plumbing fixtures
installed in the residence, the extent of waterproofing of the surfaces and the presence of any facilities for the recovery
and filtering or disposal of waste water.
The assessment calculates the extent to which the current situation is an improvement on a standard building. The
reference scenario for a standard building is defined as follows:
• All built areas are waterproof, with a runoff coefficient value of 0.95 (see Table N2).
• The plumbing fixtures are of a standard type (Table N2).
3.1 Calculation procedure
Initially, the calculation is made by the ClimateHouse agency. To calculate the water impact of the building, a checklist
will be provided, to be completed and sent with the following documents attached:
a) Floor plan, with indication of the type of surfaces in the plot and their surface area (m²)
b) Water check list, with the following data:
- the degree of waterproofing of the total area and of the non-built area (ground floor plans) in accordance with
Table N2;
- days in which the building is used (for residential buildings 350dd), the number of persons present, rainfall data
for the area (mm/m² a) as well as the occupation percentage (for residential buildings, 100 %);
- The net heated surface and the glazed surface of the building;
- volume of the tank for recovery of rainfall and swimming pool water (m³);
- The number and types of plumbing fixtures in accordance with Table N3.
c) Technical sheets for the plumbing fixtures (taps, WC, etc.) with an indication of the water runoff (l/min)
Page 5 of 12
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3.2 Tables for assessing waterproofing and water consumption
The extent of waterproofing after the building works must be assessed using the following method:
- on the plans of the plot, show the types and dimensions of surfaces (m²)
- compile the file by entering the areas in m² (ground floor plans) and the type of paving or covering
Runoff
coefficient
Surface type
Asphalt, cement
0.95
Sett paving, stone
0.80
0.70
Gravel on waterproof base (e.g. sheeting)
Paving
Absorbant elements or pebbles on sand, Wooden planking
on an absorbant base
0.50
0.30
Macadam, loose gravel on a water-permeable base
Covering
Tiles, metallic covering
0.95
Green layer 8–15 cm
0.45
Green layer 16–25 cm
Green roof or hanging
gardens (on the structure)
Wild vegetation
Cultivated vegetation
0.35
Green layer 26–35 cm
0.25
Green layer 36–50 cm
0.20
Green layer > 50 cm
0.10
green areas, natural surfaces, wooded and argricultural
land, natural streams and bodies of water
0.10
Table N2: runoff coefficients of the various surfaces
Total area: this means the entire surface area of the plot concerned (excluding any related green farming land, wooded
surfaces, etc.)
Unbuilt areas: this means all the surfaces of the plot in which there are no buildings higher than ground level.
Plumbing fixtures
Low consumption
Bidet
Shower
Bathroom sink
Kitchen sink
WC
Table N3: Indications for plumbing fixtures
Page 6 of 12
6
Standard consumption
9 l/min
12 l/min
12 l/min
18 l/min
9 l/min
12 l/min
9 l/min
12 l/min
6 l/flush
12 l/flush
4.0
Quality of the internal environment
At least one of the following requirements must be satisfied:
a. Presence of mechanically-controlled ventilation or
b. Use of materials and products indoors which comply with emissions limits (VOCs, formaldehyde)
All the emissions values of the products and materials whose emitting surfaces are to be found on parts of the floor, roof,
or walls inside the airtight layer (including parts of the airtight layer) must be checked.
Materials and products based on glued timber
Check all emissions values for all internal parts (beams, supporting, and non-supporting panels, flooring,
coverings, etc.) which have emitting surfaces inside the airtight layer (including parts of the airtight layer).
The following materials shall be checked for compliance with this criterion:
Materials/products to be checked:
Materials and products based on glued wood (rough or covered panels, plywood, beams, fittings, panel
coverings, flooring)
Liquid products applied to internal surfaces (varnishes, coatings, woodstains, lacquers, primers, etc.)
4.1 Materials and products based on glued wood (panels, beams, coverings, floorings, etc.)
Maximum formaldehyde [50-00-0] HCHO emissions level
Values in accordance with UNI EN 717-1 (test chamber)
0.05 ppm
(0.062 mg/m³)
Values in accordance with EN 717-2 (Gas analysis)
1.5 mg/h m²
Values in accordance with EN 120 (Perforator)
4 mg/100 g
Values in accordance with JIS A1460 (Dessicator Test)
F**** 0.3 mg/l
Products which are certified with the following quality seals meet the requirements. These product certificates are not
necessary for the purposes of this certification:
- NATURE PLUS (Directive RL0200ff for wood products)
- Österreichisches Umweltzeichen (Directive UZ 07 “Holz und Holzwerkstoffe“)
- Deutscher Blauer Engel (Directive RAL 38 for low-emissions wood products)
- The ANAB ICEA standard
- Ecolabel for the product group “wooden furniture” (2009/894/EC)
- Ecolabel for the product group “wooden floor coverings” (2010/18/EC)
Page 7 of 12
7
4.2 Liquid products applied to indoor surfaces
The technical sheets and/or certifications for products used to treat surfaces such as colours, varnishes,
woodstains must be included in the dossier. Liquid products for indoor use must be certified pursuant to Annex
II of the REACH regulation.
4.2.1 VOC
A product intended for internal use shall be compliant if the following maximum VOC content limits are met:
Limit values for ready to use liquid products (pursuant to Directive
2004/42/EC: limit value in g/l of ready to use product)
a) matt coatings for interior walls and ceilings
b) glossy coatings for interior walls and ceilings
c) coatings for exterior walls of mineral substrate
d) interior/exterior trim and cladding paints for wood, metal or plastic
e) interior/exterior trim varnishes and woodstains
f) minimal build woodstains
g) primers
h) binding primers
i) one-pack performance coatings
j) two-pack performance coatings
k) multicoloured coatings
l) decorative effect coatings
base
limit (g/l)
WB
15*
SB
15
WB
60*
SB
60
WB
20
SB
215
WB
90*
SB
150
WB
75*
SB
200
WB
75*
SB
350
WB
15*
SB
175
WB
15*
SB
375
WB
100*
SB
250
WB
100*
SB
250
WB
50
SB
50
WB
90*
SB
100
Table N4: VOC limit values (*source: 2009/544/EC)
WB = WATER-BOURNE COATINGS means coatings the viscosity of which is adjusted by the use of water.
BS = SOLVENT-BOURNE COATINGS means coatings the viscosity of which is adjusted by the use of organic
solvent.
Page 8 of 12
8
4.2.2
Risk phrases*
Risk phrases indicate the danger level of a material.
The products must not carry the following risk phrases:
R23 (toxic by inhalation)
R24 (toxic in contact with skin)
R25 (toxic if swallowed)
R26 (very toxic by inhalation)
R27 (very toxic in contact with skin)
R28 (very toxic if swallowed)
R33 (danger of cumulative effects)
R39 (danger of very serious irreversible effects)
R40 (limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect)
R42 (may cause sensitisation by inhalation)
R45 (may cause cancer)
R46 (may cause heritable genetic damage)
R48 (danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure)
R49 (may cause cancer by inhalation)
R60 (may impair fertility)
R61 (may cause harm to the unborn child)
R62 (possible risk of impaired fertility)
R63 (possible risk of harm to the unborn child)
R68 (possible risk of irreversible effects);
The ClimateHouse agency also advises against the use of products bearing the following risk phrases:
R50, R51, R52, R53, R54, R55, R56, R57, R58, R59.
4.2.3
Heavy metals*
The product must not contain the following heavy metals [CAS]:
[7440-43-9] cadmium
[7439-92-1] lead
[7440-47-3] chromium VI
[7439-97-6] mercury
[7440-38-2] arsenic
[7440-39-3] barium (except barium sulphate)
[7782-49-2] selenium
[7440-36-0] antimony
Products may contain traces or impurities of these metals from the raw material (< 5 ppm).
Page 9 of 12
9
4.2.4
Organic compounds**
The product must not contain the following organic compounds [CAS]:
[71-43-2] Benzene
[71-55-6] 1,1,1-tricloroethane
[75-01-4] Vinyl chloride
[75-09-2] Methylene chloride (dichloromethane)
[78-59-1] Isophoron
[78-93-3] Methyl ethyl ketone
[84-74-2] Di-n-Butyl phthalate
[85-68-7] Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)
[91-20-3] Naphthalene
[95-50-1] 1,2- dichlorobenzene
[100-41-4] Ethylbenzene
[107-02-8] Acrolein
[107-13-1] Acrylonitrile
[108-10-1] Methyl isobutyl ketone
[108-88-3] Toluene (methylbenzenesulfonate)
[117-81-7] bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
[117-84-0] Di (n-octyl) phthalate (DNOP)
[131-11-3] Dimethyl phthalate
[68987-90-6] Alkylphenol ethoxylates APEO*
4.2.5
Formaldehyde*
The total content of free formaldehyde [50-00-0] in the product must not be greater than 10 ppm.
The technical sheets and/or certifications must be included in the dossier, indicating the formaldehyde emissions data.
No more than three years may have passed from the issue date of the certificate.
Products which are certified with the following quality seals meet the requirements. These product certificates are not
necessary for the purposes of this certification:
‐ NATURE PLUS (Directive RL0200ff für Holzprodukte)
- Österreichisches Umweltzeichen (Directive UZ 07 “Holz und Holzwerkstoffe“)
‐ Deutscher Blauer Engel (RAL 38 für Holzprodukte)
- The ANAB ICEA standard
- Ecolabel for the product group “wooden furniture” (2009/894/EC)
- Ecolabel for the product group “wooden floor coverings” (2010/18/EC)
- Ecolabel for the product group “indoor paints and varnishes” (2009/544/EC)*source: 2009/544/EC
**source: EPA Environmental Protection Agency
Page 10 of 12
10
4.3 Average daylight factor
In the main environment of the residential unit, the following limit value for the average daylight factor must be
guaranteed:
Average daylight factor
For residential and non-residential buildings (excluding schools) ADF > 2 %
For schools (classrooms) ADF > 2 %
4.4 Acoustic comfort
To obtain ClimateHouse nature certification, the acoustic performance of the building must be checked by measuring
sound levels on site.
At least 20 % of the residential unit of the building must be checked, including at least 1 apartment per storey.
The sound technician must assess the residential unit through exposure to the worst-case sound levels.
Limits to be met:
Assessment index for standardised
soundproofing of the façade
of vertical and
horizontal
Apparent sound
partitions between
proof power
different residential
units
between areas of
different residential
Level of footfall
units which are one
noise
on top of the other
and/or adjacent
continuous
Appliance noise operation
sporadic operation
D
2m,nT,w
R'
Cat. A
residential
buildings
Cat. E
schools
Business
and
entertainme
nt activities
Cat. F-G
Hospitals,
care homes
Cat. D
> 40 dB
> 48 dB
> 42 dB
> 45 dB
> 50 dB
> 50 dB
> 50dB
> 55 dB
< 55 dB
< 55 dB
< 55 dB
< 55 dB
< 32 dB (A)
< 25 dB (A)
< 32 dB (A)
< 25 dB (A)
< 35 dB (A)
< 35 dB (A)
< 35 dB (A)
< 35 dB (A)
w
L’
nw
L
ic,eq
L
id,max
Table N7: Soundproofing limits for buildings
Categories pursuant to the classification of residential environments of the DPCM of 5 December 1997
Page 11 of 12
11
4.5 Radon
If the building is located in an area which is at risk from radon, appropriate protection measures must be taken from the
construction stage.
Limits beyond which design and building
Assessment method
measures must be taken:
Existing building
Measuring
(Rn-222) > 400 Bq/m³
being upgraded
New building or
Preventative assessment
(Rn-222) > 200 Bq/m³
extension
The preventative assessment for new buildings must be based on:
1. Mapping indoor radon
2. A geomorphological analysis of the site
Page 12 of 12
12
Annex 3
Calculating the overall
performance of buildings
Last updated: February 2012
Page 1 of 61
1
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
2
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3
Technical terms and symbols for formulas ................................................................... 4
2.1
2.2
3
4
Technical terms..................................................................................................................................................4
Symbols for formulas, descriptions and measurement units .............................................................................7
General calculation structure ........................................................................................ 14
Calculating the heating demand ................................................................................... 19
4.1
Building data ...................................................................................................................................................19
Climatic data ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Interior temperature ................................................................................................................................. 19
Surfaces – volume ratio of a building ........................................................................................... 20
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
5
Heating demand ..............................................................................................................................................21
Heat loss by transfer ........................................................................................................................................22
Ventilation heat loss ........................................................................................................................................25
Interior heat inflows ........................................................................................................................................27
Solar thermal inflows .......................................................................................................................................28
Heat inflow use factor .....................................................................................................................................29
Heat inflow/heat loss ratio ..............................................................................................................................30
Specific heat load.............................................................................................................................................30
Specific thermal demand for heating...............................................................................................................30
Determining the overall energy demand ...................................................................... 31
5.1
Overall energy demand ...................................................................................................................................31
5.2
Overall thermal energy demand ......................................................................................................................31
5.3
Production of hot water...................................................................................................................................32
5.4
Humidification .................................................................................................................................................37
5.5
Solar installation ..............................................................................................................................................40
5.6
Electrical resistance for hot water production .................................................................................................41
5.7
Ventilation system ...........................................................................................................................................41
5.8
Co-generation ..................................................................................................................................................42
5.9
Electric heat pump ...........................................................................................................................................44
5.10
Absorption heat pump .....................................................................................................................................44
5.11
Remaining heat demand .................................................................................................................................45
5.12
Electrical energy demand ................................................................................................................................47
5.12.1
Electrical demand covered by the public electricity grid ......................................................... 48
5.13
Cooling .............................................................................................................................................................48
5.14
Auxiliary energy ...............................................................................................................................................52
5.15
CO2 emissions ..................................................................................................................................................55
5.16
Performance coefficient of the installation/primary energy demand/renewable sources ..............................57
6
Tables with calculation data .......................................................................................... 58
Page 2 of 61
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
1.0
Introduction
The energy balance described in this file can be used to calculate the energy demand of
buildings in the long term. This method applies to the following building types:
• Residential buildings
• Non-residential buildings
• New or restructured buildings
As well as calculating the energy demand, this version provides a method for calculating
the overall energy performance of buildings. In this way, it is possible to establish, through
calculation, the annual energy demand to meet the needs of a particular building.
In addition to the following activities:
• Heating
• Air conditioning
• Cooling
• Production of hot water
• Lighting
Auxiliary energy types are also taken into account, depending on the case, as well as the
use made of these energy types and the operating conditions of the system. This type of
calculation can therefore be used to give an objective assessment of the quantities of
energy needed to meet the demands of a given building.
For more complex systems of installations, where the following overall performance
calculation is too simplistic, the technician may use more specific, detailed standards to
calculate the overall performance only.
Page 3 of 61
3
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
2.0
Technical terms and symbols for formulas
2.1 Technical terms
Heated area: areas which are designed for one specific use and which are directly or
indirectly heated through a link between areas.
Unheated area: areas which are not part of the heated area. Non-heated areas include
in particular: attics, unheated basements, adjacent garages, and conservatories.
Conservatory: a veranda, covered with a glass structure, which is adjacent to the
heated area but which is not continuously open and connected to the heated areas.
Exterior temperature: outdoor air temperature.
Interior temperature (“set temperature”): the temperature of the heated area, which is
used as the basis for calculations.
Heat loss: the amount of heat that is lost from the heated area to the adjacent outdoor
areas through heat transmission or ventilation.
Heat gain: the amount of heat that develops or is emitted in the heated area,
independently of the heat sources in the heating system.
Degree to which heat gain is used: amount of heat from solar radiation or from forms
of heat recovery within the building, which can be used for heating purposes.
Effective capacity for heat storage: part of the capacity for heat storage of a building,
which may have an impact on energy demands for heating.
Heat demand for heating: amount of heat which, based on calculations, is needed to
maintain the set temperature inside the building.
Energy demand for heating: amount of energy which, based on calculations, is
needed to cover the heat demand for heating, taking into account losses due to
conversion.
Heating period: the time frame during which a given building will be heated.
Heating temperature limit: exterior temperature limit beyond which — where there is
a set interior temperature — it is no longer necessary to heat the building.
Energy from renewable sources: energy from renewable, non-fossil sources, i.e.
wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, marine, hydraulic, biomass, landfill
gas, waste gas from refining processes, and biogas;
Efficient systems of energy distribution: district heating, heat pump, co-generation.
Boiler: a device in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into useful
thermal energy, transferred onto the heat-carrying fluid
Low temperature boiler: a boiler which is permanently in operation at a water supply
temperature of between 35 and 40 degree Celsius, in which, under certain
circumstances, the steam in the exhaust fumes may condense.
Condensation boiler: a boiler which is designed to ensure that a major part of the
steam contained in the combustion gases is continuously condensed.
Page 4 of 61
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Heat pump: A device or installation which takes heat from the exterior or from a lowtemperature source and transfers it to the temperature-controlled environment.
Co-generation: the simultaneous production and use of mechanical or electrical
energy and thermal energy from primary fuels, in compliance with certain qualitative
criteria for energy efficiency.
Geothermal energy: energy which is stored in the form of heat in the earth’s crust.
Solar installation: a device which uses heat from solar radiation.
Photovoltaic installation: a device in which solar energy is converted into electrical
energy.
District heating: the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam, hot water, or
cooled liquids from one or more production sources to a group of buildings or sites via
a network, for heating or cooling areas or work processes or for the supply of hot water
for domestic use.
Efficiency level: generally, this is the consumption-input ratio; for example in the case
of a machine, it would be the ratio of work produced and energy supplied, or the ratio of
power obtained and power emitted. The efficiency level is written as follows: η
(Eta) and it has a value of between 0 and < 1 or, in percentage points, between 0 %
and < 100 %.
Primary energy: the energy potential of non-renewable energy sources and carriers in
their natural form (before any conversion or processing).
Primary energy demand: in addition to the total energy needed for heating, hot water
production, air conditioning, and lighting, this also takes into account any possible
losses due to processing and transportation, from the moment the fuel is extracted at
source up until delivery to the building.
Final energy demand: the calculated quantity of energy needed to cover demand for
heating and cooling, production of drinking water and the energy needed to operate the
ventilation and lighting systems, including losses in technological installations.
Useful energy: the energy available to the end-user for all the energy services that he
or she might require.
Page 6 of 61
6
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
2.2 Symbols for formulas, descriptions and measurement units
Symbol
a1
a2
AB
Af
Ag
Ai
AN
APh
Aw
A
V
BGFB
BGFB, DG
CO2NGF
COP
ca
cp,w
d
ep
EER
fA
fH
fi
fN
fP
fS
fSh,j
fSP
fWW
g
gw
G
GK
he
Description
Loss coefficient for the solar collector, measured
experimentally
Loss coefficient for the solar collector, measured
experimentally
Heat loss surface of the building envelope
Non-fixed surface area (frame and moving panel)
Glazed surface area
Surface area of structural parts i
Net irradiated surface area of the solar collector
Net surface area of the photovoltaic solar module
Window surface area
Surface-volume ratio
Measureme
nt unit
W/(m²·K)
W/(m²·K)
m²
m²
m²
m²
m²
m²
m²
m
Gross heated surface area of floor
Gross heated floor surface area for habitable attics
Specific CO2 emissions relating to the net surface area
m²
m²
kg/( m²⋅a)
Heat pump performance coefficient
Specific thermal capacity of the air
Wh/(kg⋅K)
Specific thermal capacity of the water
No of days
Performance coefficient of the installation
Energy efficiency index of a cooling group
Dirt factor for the solar collector
Average use level of beds in tourist facilities
Correction factor for structural parts temperature i
Correction coefficient for gradients in relation to the
horizontal
Primary energy factor
Correction coefficient for variance from the south
Reduction factor due to window shading with direction j
Summer load factor
Specific daily hot water demand
Total solar energy transmission of a glazed area
Total useful overall effective solar energy transmission of a
glazed area
Overall average monthly irradiation of a horizontal surface
Overall irradiation
Enthalpy of exterior air
kJ/(kg⋅K)
d
%
l/(P⋅d)
kWh/(m²⋅d)
W/m²
kJ/kg
Page 7 of 61
7
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Symbol
Description
hi
Enthalpy of ambient air
Enthalpy of humidified ambient air
u
i
h
hDG
HGT
HT
HT12
KT18,3
HWBNGF
Ij
L
lg
lB
Le
Lg
LT
Lu
LV
Lχ
Lψ
LENI
mCO2
n
nx
nk
nPh
NGFB
NGFK
P1
PA
Ptot
Pers
PB,th
PB,el
P,cw el
PK
Gross height of attic storey
Monthly degree days
Number of days in the month during the heating period in
which heating is required
Total number of days in heating period
Total number of days in cooling period
Heat demand for heating in relation to gross surface area
Total radiation in direction j
Coincidence factor for lighting
Perimeter length of window frames
Length of balcony overhang
heat exchange coefficient for building elements in contact with
exterior air
Heat exchange coefficient for building elements in contact with
the ground
Overall heat exchange coefficient for the building envelope
Heat exchange coefficient for building elements adjacent to
non-heated areas
Specific coefficient for ventilation of the building envelope
Overall heat exchange coefficient for punctual thermal bridges
Overall heat exchange coefficient for linear thermal bridges
Specific energy demand for lighting
CO2 emissions
Air change rate
Air change rate implemented for air currents and draughts
Number of solar collectors
Number of photovoltaic solar modules
Net heated surface per storey
Net cooled surface per storey
Specific heat load
Power of electricity supply
Heat load of the building
Number of persons present in the building
Heat output of the co-generation system
Electrical output of the co-generation system
Electrical output of the heat pump
Boiler output
Measureme
nt unit
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
m
Kd/M
d/M
d
d
kWh/(m²a)
kWh/(m²M)
m
m
W/K
W/K
W/K
W/K
W/K
W/K
W/K
kWh/(m²a)
kg
1/h
1/h
m²
m²
W/m²
W
W
P
kW
kW
kW
kW
Page 8 of 61
8
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Symbol
PS
PL
ps
pges
qi
qi,B
qi,B,ESL
QAB
Qab
Qall
QB,E
QB,el
QB,th
Qcw
Qcw,el
QDL
QE
Qel
QFW
Qgrid
Qh
QH,el
Qi
Qi,el
Qng
QK,E
QKÜ,el
QP
QPh,el
QR
QS
Qsol
QT
Qu,A
Description
Summer sensible heat load
Summer latent heat load
Saturated steam pressure at a specific temperature
Atmospheric pressure
Specific heat power of interior heat sources
Specific average power of traditional lighting
Specific average power of low-consumption lighting
Gas energy needed to power heat pump
Useful heat available through the heat pump by
absorption
Overall energy demand of the building
Final energy demand for the co-generation system
Useful electrical energy from the co-generation system
Useful thermal energy from the co-generation system
Quantities of heat generated by the heat pump
Electrical energy absorbed by the heat pump
Quantity of heat below the continuity graph for the cogeneration system
Final energy
Electrical energy demand
Quantity of energy supplied through district heating
Electrical energy from the public grid
Heat demand for heating
Electrical energy from auxiliary systems
Energy inputs for internal loads
Electrical energy demand for lighting
Electrical energy demand which is not covered
Final energy from boiler
Electrical energy needed for cooling
Overall primary energy demand
Electrical energy supplied by the photovoltaic system
Residual heat demand
Solar heat inflows through transparent building elements
during heating period
Quantity of heat supplied by the solar system
Transmission heat loss during heating period
Quantity of heat for humidification
Measurement
unit
kW
kW
mbar
mbar
W/m²
W/m²
W/m²
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
Page 9 of 61
9
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Symbol
Description
Qu,D
QV
QVen
QVen,el
QVen,l
QVen,s
QVen,HB,el
Electrical energy for steam humidification
Ventilation heat loss during heating period
Ventilation system energy demand
Heat quantity for post-heating in the ventilation system
Latent heat quantity of the ventilation system
Sensible heat quantity of the ventilation system
Electrical energy from the post-heating group in the
ventilation system
Electrical energy for humidification in the ventilation
system
Electrical energy for the ventilation system internal heat
pump
Forced ventilation system air flow
Overall heat demand
Monthly heat demand for the production of hot water for
domestic use
Annual overall heat demand for hot water
Heat loss from domestic hot water production system
Electrical energy for the production of domestic hot water
using electrical resistance
Heat loss in domestic hot water storage
Heat loss from hot water distribution and recirculation
Interior surface resistance
Exterior surface resistance
Total thermal resistance
Total thermal resistance upper limit
QVen,u,el
QVen,P,el
qV,f
QWB
QWW
QTWE
QWW,V
QWW,el
qTW,S
qTW,V
Rsi
Rse
RT
'
RT
"
RT
s
SPF
SEER
tB
tu
Tc
T0
TWq, E
TWq,A
Uf
Total thermal resistance lower limit
Thickness of one layer of the building element
Heat Pump average season COP
Cooling system average season EER
Ventilation system operation in hours per day
Lighting system operation in hours per year
Condensation temperature of heat-carrying fluid from the
heat pump
Evaporation temperature of heat-carrying fluid from the
heat pump
Source temperature on leaving evaporator
Source temperature on entering evaporator
Heat transfer coefficient of frames, excluding the outer
frame
Measurem
ent unit
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
m³/h
kWh
kWh
kWh/a
kWh/a
m²⋅K/W
kWh/m²a
kWh/m²a
m²⋅K/W
m²⋅K/W
m²⋅K/W
m²⋅K/W
m²⋅K/W
m
h
h
K
K
K
K
W/(m²⋅K)
Page 10 of 61
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Symbol
Description
Ug
Heat transfer coefficient of glazing, excluding the outer
frame
Heat transfer coefficient of the structural part i
Average overall transfer coefficient for the building
envelope
Heat transfer coefficient of one window
Gross volume of heated building
Gross volume of heated habitable attic
Net volume of ventilated building
Temperature difference between cold water and hot
water
Specific CO2 emission
Performance level of ideal Carnot cycle
Heat pump performance
Heat pump performance inside ventilation system
Ui
Um
Uw
VB
VB,DG
VN
ΔTWW
εCO2
εcw
εw
p
εw
φe
γ
η0
ηB,el
ηB,th
ηB,s
ηcw
ηe
ηel
ηd
ηc
ηKo
ηS
ηP
ηPh
ηPh_Anl
ηZ
ηu
ηV
ηWü
ηWW
λ
μB
Relative air humidity
Heat inflow/heat loss ratio
Solar collector conversion factor, measured
experimentally
Co-generation system electrical performance
Co-generation system thermal performance
Co-generation system overall performance
Heat pump Carnot performance
Emissions performance
Electrical heating performance
Distribution performance
Adjustment performance
Solar collector performance
Incidence factor for losses from the solar circuit
Boiler performance
Photovoltaic solar module performance
Photovolataic system energy performance
Energy performance of solar system distribution
Use level of heat inflows
Heat recovery system performance
District heating substation performance
Hot water energy performance
Thermal conductivity of a single layer of the structural
parts
Impact of lighting on the environment
Measurem
ent unit
W/(m²⋅K)
W/(m²⋅K)
W/(m²⋅K)
W/(m²⋅K)
m³
m³
m³
K
kg/kWh
%
W/(m⋅K)
-
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Symbol
Description
Symbol
θi
θe
θne
θK
θcw, Tcw
ρa
τ
ψB
Average interior temperature
Average monthly exterior temperature
Projected exterior temperature
Solar collector temperature
Heat pump discharge temperature
Air density
Time constant
Linear heat transmission for thermal bridge of
overhanging balconies
Linear heat transmission of thermal bridge between
frame and
glazing
Description
θi
θe
θne
θK
θcw, Tcw
ρa
τ
ψB
ψg
Symbol
ψg
Symbol
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3.0
General calculation structure
Diagram: Primary energy demand for heating, air
Conditioning, and the production of hot water.
Transmissionswärmeverluste
solar passive
Wärmegewinne
Interior
Wärmegewinne
LüftungsWärmeverluste
QT
QT
QT
QT
Hot water demand
Heat demand
Qh  QT  QV  u  Qi  QS 
Heating, heat distribution
and regulation systme
Qh  e d c 
QWW
Distribution,
recirculation, storage
QWW,V
Total heat demand
Total hot water demand
QWB
QTWE
Solar system Qsol
Electrical resistance of AC system
Humidification
QU
Qww,el
Ventilation system

Co-generation
Heat pump
 Q i 

 Ven,el 


QB,th
Qcw
Remaining demand QR
Boiler
District heating
QK,P
QFW
Remaining non-covered energy
demand
Qng
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Diagram: Primary energy demand for cooling
Summer sensible
heat load
Summer latent heat
load
PS
PL
Energy demand for cooling
QKÜ ,el  PS  PL   bVK  f KB  / SEER
cooling system
water - air
cooling system
with cooling tower
cooling system
with groundwater
cooling system with geothermal exchanger
Gas-powered
Gas-powered
absorption
absorption
systems
systems
Absorption systems using heat from
co-generation
Absorption systems using heat from the
solar system
Other combinations of systems
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Diagram: Primary energy demand for lighting and auxiliary systems QH,L,el
LIGHTI
AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS
LIGHTING
Traditional lighting
system
Combined lighting:
traditional and high
efficiency
High efficiency lighting
Ventilation
QH,L,el
Heating distribution
QH,HV,el
Energy demand for
lighting
t P
Qi,el  6  A  u A
1000
Recirculation
QH,Z,el
Heat generators
QH,WE,el
Primary energy demand for
lighting and auxiliary
systems
Solar system
QH,S,el
Heat pump
QH,WP,el
Cooling distribution
QH,KV,el
Energy demand for
auxiliary systems
QH,el
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Diagram: Energy demand from renewable sources
Total energy demand
(Heating and AC)
QWB
Solar system Qsol (100 % renewable)
Co-generator QB,th (renewable if
biomass energy carrier)
Heat pump Qcw (renewable if
biomass energy carrier)
Boiler QK,P
District heating QFW (renewable if
biomass energy carrier)
Energy not covered by the system Qng
(100 % renewable)
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4.0
Calculating the heating demand
4.1 Building data
Climatic data
To determine the heat demand, consult the climatic data for individual
municipalities:
•
Monthly degree days HGT
•
Projected exterior temperature
•
Average monthly exterior temperature
•
Overall average monthly irradiation of a horizontal surface G
 ne
e
Wherever there is a difference in altitude of 100 m (whether higher or lower)
between the land on which your building stands and the town hall of the
municipality in question, the following corrections must be applied:
HGT ± 3 % for ± 100 m of discrepancy compared to the municipal town hall
 ne
± 0.5 K for + 100 m of discrepancy compared to the municipal town hall
If the climatic data for your municipality are not indicated, refer to the data of a
neighbouring area with similar characteristics and in a similar position.
To calculate hot water for hotels, the figure fH , relating to the average monthly use
of beds in the hotel is the determining factor.
Interior temperature
The average interior temperature, OI, in residential buildings is considered as standard
to be 20 °C.
Heated volumes and surfaces
Determining factors for the calculation are the data for each storey concerning the
net heated surface, the gross heated surface, the net ventilated volume and the
gross heated volume of the building.
The net volume, VN , may be calculated using one of the following options:
a)
By measuring all the heated areas of the building
b)
By applying the following simplified process
VN = nV  VB ... in m³
(1)
For nV , values are assumed according to the construction type:
Construction type
nV
Light
Medium solid wood
Medium
Heavy
0.80
0.77
0.75
0.70
In some buildings, for example offices, schools and nurseries or hotels, the areas
used are built very high, for architectural reasons. In these specific cases, it makes
no sense to take into account the overall volume when performing the calculation;
however, the simplified version, which is calculated automatically, may be applied:
NGFB  3,0 m  VN  NGFB  3,0 m
..... in m³
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The figure NGFB for the net heated surface per storey is the reference data for
calculating the heating demand for each storey.
The NGFB may be calculated using one of the following options:
a)
By measuring the net surface of all the heated areas of the building
b)
By applying the following simplified process
NGFB  nB  BGFB ... in m² (3)
For nB , values are assumed according to the construction type:
Construction type
nB
Light
Medium solid wood
Medium
Heavy
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.82
Surfaces – volume ratio of a building
The ratio between the surfaces, AB , of the building envelope which
covers the gross heated volume and the gross heated volume, VB , that is
the AV ratio, is a figure used to assess the compactness of a building,
and is calculated as follows:
A
AB
V V
B in 1/m
(4)
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4.2 Heating demand
The heating demand, determined through calculation, is the quantity of heat
that must be provided to the building in a given month, so that the required
interior temperature may be kept constant.
The heating demand Qh is obtained from the annual balance as follows:
Qh  (Qt  Qv) - u  Qi  Qs 
...... in kWh/a
(5)
Degree days
From the climate data we have, we can obtain the degree days and the average
exterior temperature for each month. However, using the following calculation, it is
possible to determine the degree days relative to a single month:
HGT  HT   i   e 
..... in Kd
(6)
Temperature zones
The calculation procedure refers to buildings which are communally heated in a
uniform manner, where the interior temperature of the various areas differs by no
more than 4 °C. Where major differences exist it is advisable to divide the building
into two or more temperature zones, each of which requires its own thermal
balance. Eventually all the results for each individual zone must be added together.
For the calculation needed for the ClimateHouse certificate, a simplified procedure
can be used, referring to a single temperature zone.
Partial heating and reduced heating during the night
The ClimateHouse calculations do not take into account any possible reductions for
partial heating of the areas or a reduction in temperature during the night.
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4.3 Heat loss by transfer
Monthly heat loss by transfer Qt due to thermal conduction in building elements and
surface heat convection is calculated as follows:
Qt  0,024  LT  HGT
...... in kWh/M
(7)
overall heat exchange coefficient for the building envelope
The value of the overall heat exchange coefficient Lt is calculated by adding together
each building element of the building envelope, including alterations due to thermal
bridges:
LT  Le  Lu  Lg  L  L
(8)
in W/K
overall heat exchange coefficient for building elements
The calculation of the overall heat exchange coefficient for building elements Le Lu and
Lg can be simplified as follows:
Le  Lu  Lg   fi U i  Ai
i
..... 9
Table 1 contains the correction factors of the temperature fi
overall heat exchange coefficient due to thermal bridges
In general, thermal bridges are located between the exterior wall and the ceiling
structure of the top floor, in the window intrados (lintel, sides, window ledge) and
near to the connection between exterior wall and storey ceiling.
To calculate the overall heat exchange coefficients Lw and
use the simplified process:
L  Lu  Lg

L  L  0,2   0,75  e
AB

L
due to thermal bridges,

  Le  Lu  Lg    B ,i  l B ,i
i

..... in W/K
(10)
Balconies with a large overhang create a particularly high heat loss and must therefore
be analysed separately, using a specific heat transfer coefficient which is related to the
overhang and its length lB
Transfer coefficient of element i
The transfer coefficient Ui indicates the quantity of heat exchanged
in the time unit via 1 m² of the structural element i with a temperature difference
between interior and exterior of 1 K. This coefficient is calculated as follows:
Ui 
1
Sm
Rsi  
m
m
.....
 Rse
(11)
For data on surface thermal resistance Rsi and Rse , as well as the sum of the two
amounts, the values indicated in Table 1 apply. Regarding the value of thermal
conductivity A, refer to the technical documentation relating to the element; otherwise
this must be documented through a technical examination.
in W/(m²·K)
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Total thermal resistance of a structural element consisting of layers which are not
uniform is determined by calculating the mathematical average of the upper and lower
resistance limits.
RT'  RT"
.....
2
in (m² ·K)/W
(12)
'
"
Where RT ; is the upper limit between the thermal resistance values, while RT ; is the
RT 
lower limit. The thermal resistance limit values are calculated by dividing the
structural element into segment sections so that each of these parts has the same
thermal characteristics (see diagram).
Layers
Sections
Example:
Each of the sections m (a, b, etc.) which are perpendicular to the surface of the
structural element, have a partial surface known as f m . Each of the layers j (α, β, χ,
etc.) which are parallel to the surface of the structural element are of a thickness
known as Sj. Each part m, j will have a thermal conductivity of λ m j , a thickness S j a
partial surface fm and heat transfer resistance Rmj. The partial surface of a section is
part of the total surface area.
It therefore follows that:
fa + fb + ... + fn = 1 (13)
The maximum heat transfer resistance limit can therefore be calculated with the
following equation:
1
f
f
f
 a  b  ...  n .....
'
RT RTa RTn
RTn
in W/(m²·K)
(14)
Where:
RTa , RTb , … RTn are
the respective total thermal resistance values for each section,
calculated in accordance with the general formula for calculating thermal heat
resistance
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totals including surface resistance. fa, fb, ... fn are surface areas relating to any given section.
The minimum thermal resistance limit is calculated by using the following formula to obtain
thermal resistance for each non-uniform layer in terms of thermal behaviour:
1
f
f
f
 a  b  ...  n .....
R j Raj Rbj
Rnj
in W/(m²·K)
(15)
The lower limit is therefore obtained by adding up all the thermal resistance values for all the
layers plus the surface resistance:
RT"  Rsi  R  R  ... Rn  Rse .....
in (m²·K)/W
(16)
Transmission, U, is equal to the reverse of the value RT
Ui 
1
.....
RT
in W/(m²·K)
(17)
These calculations do not include special cases and the cases specifically analysed under
the European standard UNI EN ISO 6946.
We can estimate the margin for error using the following formula:
Eu ,i 
RT'  RT"
.....
2  RT
in %
(18)
Heat transfer coefficient of windows
The heat transfer coefficient, Uw, may be obtained using one of the following options:
a)
Using the following calculation
Uw 
Ag  U g  A f U f  1g  g
Ag  A f
.....
in W/(m²·K) (19)
Where no specific data relating to the product is available, the following
calculation data may be taken from the tables: for heat transfer coefficients Ug ,
see table 2, for the heat transfer coefficient Uf , tables 3, 4 or 5 depending on the
type of frame and lastly for the correction coefficient y/g see table 6.
b)
Analysing a window which has the same structural characteristics and
dimensions.
Glazed surfaces and frame surfaces
The glazed surfaces Ag and the frame surfaces Af may be obtained through
architectural measurements, from the thickness of the window frame and the
number of moving panels.
Perimeter length of window frames
The perimeter length of a window frame lg consists of all the visible elements of the window part
added together. Refer to the larger perimeter, which may be either the exterior or interior
perimeter. This data is calculated individually for each window.
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4.4 Ventilation heat loss
Monthly heat losses by ventilation QV, caused by the exchange between hot air in the
interior and external cold air are calculated as follows:
QV  0,024  LV  HGT .....
in kWh/M
(20)
Specific coefficient for ventilation of the building envelope
The specific ventilation coefficient LV is calculated as follows:
LV   a  ca  Vni   ni .....
in W/K
(21)
The following thermal air capacity applies:
 a  ca  0,33 ..... in Wh/(m³·K)
(22)
Air exchange index
The air exchange largely depends on what the areas are used for; a standard use type
is to be taken into account for the calculation.
The following air exchange index n applies:
n = 0.5 ..... in 1/h
(23)
For residential buildings (inhabited by one, two or more families), with gas cookers, the
air exchange index must be raised
nK = 0.55 .....
(24)
In some cases, higher air exchange indices may be used for hygiene purposes.
Mechanical ventilation systems for residential buildings with heat recovery
It is possible to define ventilation systems which have constant operating
characteristics only.
In these cases, the following formula applies:
1
n 
qV1,f
VN1
 1  v   nx .....
in 1/h
(25)
For the efficiency, V η , apply the nominal value, which must be obtained based on a
thermo-technical expert report. Ventilation heat loss caused by points on the building
which are not airtight and which cause air currents and draughts is taken into account
using an implemented air exchange index, nx :
nx  0,1.....
in 1/h
(26)
Where there is a gas cooker, the x n value rises to 0.25 1/h.
1 
q
Where the index for air exchange obtained through mechanical systems
V
V
, f
1 
N
1
h , ventilation via the windows is assumed, which would guarantee the
is less than
1
0,5 :
h
essential minimum air exchange required for the purposes of hygiene, i.e.
0,4
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1
n  0,4 
qV1,f
VN1
V1  nx .....
in 1/h (27)
Mechanical ventilation systems for all types of buildings – other than residential
buildings – with heat recovery
5 ventilation systems may be defined.
The air exchange index n for any ventilation system with heat recovery from air intake
and heating from air output must be calculated when the system is operating,
according to the following formula:
i 
t Bi  qV , f
n   i   1 Vi   nx .....
24 VN
in 1/h

1

(28)
For the use level, V η , apply the nominal value, which must be obtained based on a
thermo-technical expert report. Ventilation heat loss caused by points on the building
which are not airtight and which cause air currents and draughts is taken into account
using an implemented air exchange index, nx:
nx= 0.1 ..... in 1/h
(29)
Where no data is available on the volume of air from mechanical ventilation (of the
ventilation system), it may be calculated
as follows:
qV,f = 0.8 VN , ..... in m³/h
(30)
If the system is not in operation, air exchange is calculated as follows: n(i) = nx. In this
case it is assumed that the area is not being used, and for that reason, the minimum air
exchange level, of 0.5, need not be met.
Remaining volume
The remaining net heated volume, which is not mechanically ventilated using the
ventilation system, is calculated as follows:
3
Vn4   Vn  Vni .....
i 1
in m³ (31)
The following minimum value is assumed as an air exchange index:
n(4) = 0.5 ..... in 1/h (32)
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4.5 Interior heat inflows
Heat gains for internal loads, i Q , caused by domestic appliances in operation, by
artificial lighting or by heat from persons is calculated as follows:
in kWh/M
(33)
However, heat inflows for interior loads may not be greater than heat losses via
transfer or ventilation.
Qi 
Qt  QV
u
.....
in kWh/M (34)
As an average figure for interior heat inflows, qi, the following values apply:
Building use type:
qi,
[W/m²]
Office building
Single or twin family building
Condominium
Building used for both office and residential
purposes
School or nursery
Hotel
Hospital
Sports facilities
Other public offices
4.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
3.5
3.5
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4.6 Solar thermal inflows
Solar thermal inflows Qs, which are gained through solar radiation transfers through
transparent elements, are calculated as follows:
QS   I j   Ag  f Sh  g w  j .....
j
in kWh/M
(35)
However, solar thermal inflows cannot exceed the heat demand:
Qi 
Qt  QV
u
 Qi .....
in kWh/M
(36)
Total solar radiation in a month, in direction j
The total solar radiation for each month is calculated based on the total monthly
average solar radiation on a horizontal surface:
Ij  G
fN
 HT .....
fS
in kWh/(m²·M) (37)
The values of the correction factors fN and fS are shown in tables 7 and 8.
The direction j (Azimuth and inclination) can be obtained using a simplified procedure:
Direction j means a deviation from the vertical in relation to the window surface of no
more than 45° from the relative cardinal point. Skylights with a gradient of more than
15° in relation to the horizontal must be treated as windows on perpendicular surfaces,
whiles windows with a lower gradient must be considered as transparent horizontal
surfaces.
Reduction factor due to shading
Reduction factors due to shading fSh,j , are independent of the geographical position or
the surrounding environment and simply depend on the direction. For this reason, the
follow values are to be assumed:
Direction j:
fSh,j
South
East
West
North
Horizontal
South-West
South-East
North-West
North-East
0.49
0.42
0.41
0.45
0.72
0.45
0.455
0.43
0.435
Overall solar transmission level
The total solar transmission g of the transparent surfaces is the proportion of solar
energy which is transferred into the environment by radiation, through the glazing, with
a normal gradient and clean glazed surface.
Where the value g, corresponding to the product used, is not available, refer to table 2.
Total useful effective solar transmission, which takes into account dirt on the surface of
the glazing or the fact that the sun’s rays are not exactly perpendicular to the window,
is calculated applying a correction factor of 0.9:
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gw = 0.9 · g
(38)
Conservatories
Thermal inflows due to conservatories can be obtained by calculating only inflows from
solar radiation, i.e. those which enter via the external glazing of the conservatory, as
well as through the interior glazing that separates the conservatory from the rest of the
house, into the areas directly behind. Any shading from the conservatory roof must also
be taken into account.
Transparent thermal insulation
Heat inflows from transparent thermal insulation are a special case and must be
analysed separately before being added to the heat demand for heating.
4.7 Heat inflow use factor
The use level is a factor which reduces the overall figure for heat inflows (by internal
loads and solar radiation) to the portion of these gains which is actually useable, on a
monthly basis. The use level is calculated as follows:

1  a
1   a 1
(39)
The table below indicates maximum use limits for heat inflows
Construction type
u
Light and light wood
Medium solid wood
Medium solid
Heavy
0.9
0.97
0.98
1.0
u :
Light-type constructions may include:
• Wooden buildings without solid internal building elements
• Buildings with false ceilings and dividing walls which are mostly light
Medium-type constructions may include:
• Buildings where most of the interior and exterior building elements are solid, have
floating screeds and do not have false ceilings;
Heavy-type constructions may include:
• Buildings with extremely solid interior and exterior elements (old buildings)
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4.8 Heat inflow/heat loss ratio
The ratio between heat gains and losses γ is calculated as follows:

Qs  Qi
QT  QV (40)
4.9 Specific heat load
The specific heat load P1 is calculated from the heat load of the building, in accordance
with the following formula:
P
P1  tot .....
NGF B
in W/m² (41)
The building’s heat load is calculated based on heat losses through transfer or
ventilation, taking into account the projected exterior temperature:
Ptot   LT  LV    i   ne .....
in kW
(42)
The thermal load determined using this calculation formula is not a replacement for the
results of demonstrations on the building’s thermal load.
4.10
Specific thermal demand for heating
Annual heat demand for heating in relation to net surface area of the storey, is
calculated as follows:
HWBNGF 
Qh
.....
NGFB
in kWh/(m²⋅a)
(43)
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5.0
Determining the overall energy demand
The technological calculation of the overall energy demand follows on from the
calculation of the heat demand.
5.1 Overall energy demand
The overall energy demand of a building comes from the overall thermal energy
demand for heating and the overall electrical energy demand. The latter also includes
energy needed for cooling, lighting and auxiliary energy.
Qall = QWB +QEL ..... in kWh/a
5.2 Overall thermal energy demand
The overall thermal energy demand of a building is not just the heat needed for heating
but must also take into account energy losses from installations, energy demand for the
production of domestic hot water and the energy demand for humidification.
For this reason, the calculation is as follows:
QWB 
QH
 QTWE  Qu ,A .....
e  d  c
in kWh/a
Performance
The heat demand for heating calculated thus far is the quantity of energy needed to
maintain a constant interior temperature in the heated areas. So far we have not
mentioned the various degrees of performance which, starting with the useful energy
figure, enable the final energy to be calculated.
We will analyse the performance level of production ηP separately, since this figure
varies in accordance with the type of heat generator.
Emissions performance
The emissions performance ηe depends on the type of supply terminal installed in the
building. The values are as follows:
Heating system
e
Low temperature heating
(floor or wall heating)
Radiators, thermal panels
Fan convectors
Combined system (panel and high
temperature heating)
Forced air heating, hot air ovens
0.95
0.97
0.98
0.96
0.99
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Distribution performance
The performance of the heat distribution system ηd also includes heat loss from pipes,
for which a unit value of 0.95 applies to all building types.
Regulation performance
For regulation, refer to the various types of systems:
Regulation
c
Ambient temperature regulation
Climatic regulation
Climatic regulation using ambient
temperature sensors or thermostatic
valves
Climatic regulation with regulation of
individual areas
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
When we talk about performance levels of heat distribution or regulation systems, we
are not talking about amounts which can be measured directly. It is not possible to
make a clear separation between the building, the systems, regulation and users.
5.3 Production of hot water
The calculation for covering the hot drinking water demand is performed for the entire
building. This procedure includes both heating the drinking water and distributing it to
individual users.
The final energy demand for the production of hot water can be determined as follows:
QTWE = QWW + QWW,V ….. in kWh/a
(44)
Heat demand for the production of hot water
The heat demand for hot water is determined by taking into account the number of
persons present and use type of the building, rather than by using a standard value.
The hot water demand depends on the number of persons Pers , living in the building
or regularly present, as well as the use type.
The energy needed for hot water is calculated for each month by applying the following
formula:
QWW  c p , w  Pers  f H  fWW  TWW  d 
1
.....
3600
in kWh (45)
The specific thermal capacity of the water is as follows:
c p,w
kJ
 4,186 ......
in kg  K
(46)
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The quantity of water needed varies dramatically depending on the users’
requirements. Depending on the building use, the specific hot water quantity fWW is
calculated as shown in the table below:
fWW
Offices
Single or twin family buildings
Condominium
Building used for both office and residential
purposes
School or nursery
Hotels
Hospitals
Sports facilities
Other public offices
min.Pers
[l/Pers d]
[1/m²]
10
50
50
35
0.040
0.025
0.030
0.025
15
150
200
60
10
0.050
0.035
0.035
0.025
0.025
The number of persons may be entered manually, however the minimum limits must be
respected.
In the case of hotels and hospitals, the factor fH represents the average use level of
beds; for other uses, it is assumed that fH =1. For sports facilities, it is based on the
number of showers present in the building.
The difference in temperature between cold water (10°C) and hot water (35 °C at
sampling) is calculated as an average for the whole year, as follows:
TWW  25 .....
in K
(47)
Heat loss in hot water QWW,V
This procedure includes the production and distribution of hot water, up until the
moment that it is taken by the user. The calculation takes into account any losses at
any of these stages. In this process, the heat loss at the moment that the drinking
water is dispensed is considered to be 0. However, the losses during distribution,
recirculation and storage of hot water are taken into account.
For the purposes of this calculation, it is crucial to know whether the hot water is
supplied from a centralised system for the whole building or individually (in a
decentralised manner).
Centralised hot water production system for the whole building:
Heat loss from the hot water distribution system is defined with reference to the
surfaces. It varies according to the net surface area of the storey and the length of the
recirculation pipes.
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Losses in the hot water distribution and recirculation systems:
qTW,V
Net floor surface of the
storey
NGFB
[kWh/m²a]
recirculation
no recirculation
6.7
5.4
4.8
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.8
1.7
100
150
200
300
500
750
1 000
1 500
2 500
5 000
10 000
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Heat loss in storage is determined based on the type of heat generator according to
the following tables:
1. Electrical resistance: not present, or in summer mode
Net floor surface of the
storey
qTW,s
[kWh/m²]
NGFB
100
150
200
300
500
750
1 000
1 500
2 500
5 000
10 000
6.5
4.8
3.8
2.8
1.9
1.4
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
Depending on the net floor surface of the storey, the value qTW, s, is applied. It is
added to the losses from the distribution and recirculation system qTW, V and lastly
the total is multiplied by the net effective floor surface of the storey.
QWW ,V  (qTW ,V  qTW , s )  NGFB
kwh/a
(48)
2. Where drinking water is heated via a solar installation,
the net surface area per collector and the number of collectors are needed (data which
can be found on the technical sheet).
The volume of the storage cell is calculated as follows:
VSP  AN  nK  80
[I] (49)
Once VSP has been calculated, the loss QSP can be determined using the following table:
Stored volume VSP
[l]
25
50
75
100
150
200
300
500
750
1 000
1 500
2 000
QSP
tSP
[W]
[h/a]
20
29
37
43
54
64
80
108
137
162
207
247
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
8 760
Heat loss from hot water is determined using the formula below:
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QWW ,V 
QSP  tSP
 qTW ,V  NGFB
1000
[kWh/a]
(50)
3. Electrical resistance operating throughout the year
If electrical resistance is programmed to operate throughout the year, perform the
calculation below:
QWW ,V 
QWW
 qTW ,V  qTW ,S  NGFB
0,98
(51)
Decentralised hot water production system:
Electrical storage boilers must be taken into account. In most cases, water is
distributed directly via pipes and the relative losses are taken into account in the
calculation. In general, it is assumed that there are no recirculation pipes in this
scenario.
Losses during water distribution:
Net floor surface of the
storey
qTW,V
[kWh/m²]
NGFB
100
150
200
300
500
750
1 000
1 500
2 500
5 000
10 000
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
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Thermal losses in storage are determined as follows:
Net floor surface of the
storey
qTW,s
[kWh/m²]
NGFB
100
150
200
300
500
750
1 000
1 500
2 500
5 000
10 000
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Depending on the net floor surface of the storey, qTW s and qTW, v are added together
and then the total is multiplied by the net effective surface area of the storey.
QWW ,V 
QWW
 qTW ,V  qTW ,S  NGFB
0,98
(52)
5.4 Humidification
Generally, buildings are humidified via a ventilation system. The calculation for heat
needs for heating only takes account of sensible thermal energy; the latent thermal
energy – i.e. the energy needed to generate steam – must be calculated using the
enthalpy variation.
Qui   qVfi   t Bi    a  hiu  hi 
1
d
3600 ….. in kWh/M
(53)
The enthalpy of the exterior air depends on the temperature ϑe and on the amount of
water it contains xe and is calculated using the following empirical formula:
he  1,0  xe  2501  1,86  e 
….. in kJ/kg (54)
The amount of water in the outside air (absolute humidity) is determined according to
xe  0,622 
 e  ps
pges  e  ps
the following calculation:
….. in kg water /kg air (55)
For air pressure, the fixed value pges = 1000 mbar applies.
For the municipalities of Alto Adige, the relative humidity of the outside air
as follows:
 e in % is
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54.7
58.5
56.2
56.7
63.9
63.6
59.7
62.3
64.2
70.3
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Guidelines
74.1 55.6
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The saturated steam pressure is determined using table 10, depending on the
temperature. The intermediate values are calculated by interpolation.
Like the calculation described above (outside air enthalpy) the ambient air enthalpy
h  1,0   x  2501  1,86   i 
i
e
can be calculated i
absolute humidity equal to that of the outside air.
at a temperature
 i  20 C and
The same method is used to calculate the ambient air enthalpy, with
humidification at hi = 38.67 in kJ/kg, corresponding to an interior temperature of
20 °C and relative humidity of 50 %; the relative air humidity must be a minimum
of 35 %.
5.5 Solar installation
The performance of a solar installation is calculated as follows:
Qsol  G
fN  fA
 AN  nK  K  S  d
fS
….. in kWh/M (56)
Total solar installation output means the useable solar heat produced, i.e. the heat
that – minus thermal loss from the installation – may be effectively stored by the
device.
The average daily solar radiation for each month on a horizontal surface G can
be taken from the climatic data. To obtain the correction coefficient fN for the
angle in relation to the horizontal and the correction coefficient fS for variance from
the south, see tables 7 and 8.
AN is defined as the net absorbent surface in the collector (opening surface).
The reduction factor due to shade from surface dirt fA and the efficiency level (impact)

of losses S (for example heat loss from the solar circuit and the storage device)
assume the following values:
f A  0,9
 S  0,9
The efficiency level of the collector depends on the outside temperature and must be
calculated separately for each month:
 K   0  a1 
 K  e
GK
 a2

 K   e 2

GK
(57)
The parameters η0, a1 and a2 are experimental data, which can be found on the test
certificate (report) for each individual collector.
The following is assumed in calculating the performance as the temperature of the
solar collector:
 K  50 ….. in °C
(58)
The following overall radiation is assumed:
GK  800 ….. in W/m²
(59)
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Where no specific test data is available for the collector, the following efficiency
performance values may be applied to simplify things:
Flat collector
Evacuated tubular collector
0.55
0.70
The solar installation may be used either for the production of hot water only or for
heating as well. In both cases, the actual useable solar energy depends on the
demand, which in turn depends on its use, in accordance with the limits below:
a. domestic hot water only:
Qsol  QWW
b.
….. in kWh/M
(60)
hot water and heating:
Qsol  Qall
….. in kWh/M (61)
The coverage level is defined depending on the use:
a. domestic hot water only:
Q
Q
sol
WW
(62)
b. hot water and heating:
Q
Q
sol
all
(63)
The use level is defined as the ratio between the actual useable solar energy and the
maximum possible amount of solar energy.
5.6 Electrical resistance for hot water production
The electrical energy demand for hot water production using electrical resistance is
calculated as follows:
1. no resistance
QWW ,el  0
….. in kWh/M
(64)
2. operation all year round: hot water is produced exclusively by electricity
throughout the year – production may be assisted by a solar installation
QWW , el  QTWE
….. in kWh/M (65)
3. summer operation: outside the heating period, hot water is produced electrically
or with the assistance of a solar installation.
 HT 
QWW ,el  QTWE  1 

d  ….. in kWh/M

(66)
The demand limits the maximum amount of input energy. Any heat inflows from the
solar installation are entered into the calculation in the same way.
5.7 Ventilation system
The total energy to be supplied to the ventilation system is the sum of the sensible and
latent heat of each ventilation system.
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i 
i 
Qven   QVen
, s  QVen ,l 
….. in kWh/M
(67)
The amount of energy input into each ventilation system depends on the operating
conditions:
1. heat recovery only:
i 
QVen
,s  0
….. in kWh/M (68)
2. intake of isothermal air:
i 
QVen
, s  QV 
1
 e  d  c ….. in kWh/M
(69)
3. Heating with air only:
i 
QVen
, s  Qh  Qv  
1
 e  d  c ….. in kWh/M
(70)
4. Air heating peaks:
i 
QVen
, s  0,25  Qh 
1
 e  d  c in kWh/M (71)
The latent thermal energy needed by the ventilation system corresponds to the energy
calculated for humidification.
i 
i 
QVen
,l  Qu
….. in kWh/M
(72)
This chapter only deals with electrical energy supplied to the ventilation system. Any
other heat inflows relating to other types of heat generators will be assessed in
subsequent chapters.
Wherever humidification using water vapour is planned, the entire quantity of latent
Q i 
heat is generated by the electrical current ( Ven,u ,el ). If there is also an electricallypowered heating group, the quantity of sensible heat will also be generated by
electrical energy (
i 
QVen
, HB,el
).
Wherever there is a heat pump within the ventilation unit, the electrical energy supplied
to the heat pump must be calculated. The following calculation must be performed:
i 
QVen, P,el 
i 
QVen
,s 
1
 wP ….. in kWh/M (73)
The internal heat pump performance coefficient is assumed to be equal to:
 wP  4,0
(74)
For this reason, the total quantity of energy to be input into the ventilation system,
generated by the electrical current, will be as follows:

i 
i 
i 
QVen ,el   QVen
,u ,el  QVen , HB ,el  QVen , P ,el
i

…… in kWh/M (75)
5.8 Co-generation
The quantity of heat generated is calculated using a unit continuity graph, taken from
various dynamic building simulations.
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Quantity of heat QDL
This graph applies to each building through two parameters:

Maximum performance, corresponding to Ptot

The area underneath the graph corresponds to the following amount of energy
QDL 
 Q
all
 Qsol  QWW , el  QVen ,el 
….. in kWh (76)
The dotted part of the graph above may not be used for co-generation systems.
month
Q
B ,th
The quantity of heat
generated in a year corresponds to the quantity of heat
below the unit graph, which is in turn defined by two factors: the maximum thermal
performance and the partial load of the system, which is assumed to be at 50% of the
thermal performance.
The electrical energy generated is as follows:
Q B , el  Q B , th 
 B , el
 B , th
….. in kWh/M (77)
The two performance levels and the electrical output must be entered manually
depending on the building type.
The final energy supplied to the co-generation system is determined as follows:
QB , P 
QB ,th
 B ,th
….. in kWh/M
(78)
Thermal performance is calculated as follows:
PB ,th  PB ,el 
 B ,th
 el ….. in kW (79)c
The total system output is obtained by adding up the following data:
 B , s   B , el   B ,th
(80)
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5.9 Electric heat pump
The quantity of heat generated by the heat pump is determined as follows:
Qcw  Pcw,el  SPF  d  24
….. in kWh/M
(81)
The electrical energy demand is calculated as follows:
….. in kWh/M (82)
The seasonal efficiency, SPF, is calculated according to the output temperature and
the
energy source.
Energy source
Low temperature
heating (floor/wall
heating)
Radiators, thermal
panels
Fan convectors
Forced air heating, hot
air ovens
Other systems or
combinations
5.10
Air
Ground water
Buried heat
exchanger
(sensors and coil
exchanger)
Other heat
sources
3.0
4.0
3.8
enter SPF
2.2
3.0
2.8
enter SPF
2.0
2.8
2.6
enter SPF
2.0
2.8
2.6
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
Absorption heat pump
First, separate the fuels into methane gas and liquid gas.
QAB  Qab  / SPF
Q AB
….. in kWh/a
(83)
 Pcw,el   w  d  24
….. in kWh/M
(84)
The gas demand is determined based on the quantity of heat and the seasonal
performance coefficient of the gas-fuelled system.
The SPF coefficient of the gas-fuelled system is entered according to the output
temperature and the energy source.
Energy source
Air
Ground
water
Buried heat
exchanger (sensors
and coil exchanger)
Other heat
sources
Low temperature heating
(floor/wall heating)
1.40
1.65
1.65
enter SPF
Radiators, thermal panels
1.20
1.50
1.50
enter SPF
Fan convectors
Forced air heating, hot air
ovens
1.00
1.00
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
enter SPF
Other systems or
combinations
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Remaining heat demand
5.11
The remainder of the total heat demand, which cannot be covered by the technical
systems mentioned above (solar installation, co-generation system, heat pump) is
calculated as follows:
QR  QWB  Qsol  QWW ,el  QVen ,el  QVen ,el  QB ,th  Qcw  Qab
….. in kWh/a (85)
There are two options to cover the remaining heat demand: either using a boiler or
through district heating.
Boiler
The final energy to be supplied to the boiler is calculated as follows:
QK , E 
QR
 P ….. in kWh/a
(86)
The type of heating also has to be taken into account (floor heating, radiators etc.); if
the “low temperature heating” or “combined system” fields are marked under properties
of the heating system installations in the “technological systems” sheet, insert the
following values:
 P _ NT
or
 P _ KOMBI
.
Boiler type
nP
nP_NT
nP_KOMBI
[%]
[%]
[%]
Low temperature – gas oil
92
94
93
Condensation boiler – gas oil
96
105
101
Boiler – gas oil
86
86
86
Low temperature – Gas
93
95
94
Condensation boiler - Gas
98
108
103
Boiler - Gas
88
88
88
Compressed air wood boiler
86
86
86
Wood chip boiler
88
88
88
Pellet boiler
90
90
90
Where the heat generator is located outside the building but is still in the immediate
vicinity, the various efficiency levels must be multiplied by a reduction factor of 0.95.
District heating connection
Connection to a district heating system will be considered a renewable energy source if
run on renewable energies or recovered heat.
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QFW  QR
..... in kWh/a
(87)
In this case, the energy performance of the district heating substation is also taken into
account. The district heating substation (domestic station) is the interface between the
district heating network and the domestic system and is entered into the calculation
with a performance level of 98%.
QFW 
QR
 wü ..... in kWh/a
(88)
Remaining energy demand which is not covered
Depending on the fixed values entered into the previous calculations, there may be a
minimal amount of energy demand which is left uncovered. Where this is the case, the
designer may declare that the installations present are sufficient to cover the overall
energy demand.
No further calculations need therefore be made:
Qng  QR
in kWh/a
(89)
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5.12
Electrical energy demand
The overall electrical energy demand consists of the following items:
Qel = Qh,el + Qi ,el + QWW,el + QVen,el + QU,D + Qcw,el + QH,el + QKÜ,el ..... in kWh/a (90)
Electrical heating
The demand in terms of electrical current for electrical heating is determined as follows:
Qh ,el 
Qh
 el ..... in kWh/a
(91)
 el this is the overall performance for heat transfer to the environment, which is
assumed to be at 0.94.
Lighting
The annual energy demand for lighting is calculated as follows:
Qi , el  6  A 
tu  PA
1000 ..... in kWh/a
(92)
The effective operation time is to be taken from the table:
Building use:
tU
[h/a]
2 500
2 450
2 450
2 500
2 000
3 500
4 000
4 000
2 000
Offices
Single or twin-family buildings
Residential condominiums
Offices and apartments
Schools or nurseries
Hotels
Hospitals
Sports facilities
Other public buildings
Choose either traditional or high efficiency lighting, or a combination of the two.
The specific average power PA is calculated based on the table:
Building use:
qi,B
[W/m²]
67
22
22
67
67
67
67
67
67
Offices
Single or twin-family buildings
Residential condominiums
Offices and apartments
Schools or nurseries
Hotels
Hospitals
Sports facilities
Other public buildings
qi,B, Kombi
qi,B,ESL
[W/m²]
41
14
14
41
41
41
41
41
41
[W/m²]
15
6
6
15
15
15
15
15
15
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Photovoltaic installation
The calculation to determine the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic
installation is the same as that used for the solar installation.
QPh ,el  G 
fN  fA
 APh  nPh Ph  Ph _ Anl .  d
fS
..... in kWh/M (93)
The calculation is based on the principle that all the current obtained will be used
or input into the public grid.
1.1.1
Electrical demand covered by the public electricity grid
The current taken from the public grid, and any which might be input into the public grid
is calculated as follows:
Qgrid  Qel  QPh ,el  QB ,el
..... in kWh/M
(94)
5.13
Cooling
The data corresponding to the latent and sensible summer loads ( PS and PL ) must
be entered manually. A percentage of the coverage of these two loads may also be
considered. In addition, the net surface area of the cooled areas must be entered.
Indicating the cooling system used for air-conditioned areas
This can be selected from the following list of cooling systems. These will have an
impact on the performance coefficient of the cooling machine and on the auxiliary
electrical energy:
•
Fan convectors
•
Radiant cooling, using fan convectors for dehumidification
•
Radiant cooling, using primary air for dehumidification
•
Radiant cooling with no dehumidification
•
Air cooling only, with exterior cooling group
•
Other systems or combinations of systems
Coolers
To produce cold, use one of the following coolers:
• Water – air cooler group
•
Water – water cooler group, with cooling tower
•
water – water cooler group, using ground water
•
Water- water cooler group using a geothermal heat exchanger (with sensors or
coil exchanger)
•
Gas-fuelled absorption system:
Fuel of choice:
methane gas
liquid gas
air
water, using cooling tower
Heat dissipation of choice:
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ground water
buried heat exchanger (sensors or coil
exchanger)

Absorption system with heat from the co-generation system
Heat dissipation of choice:
air
water, using cooling tower
ground water
buried heat exchanger (sensors or
coil
exchanger)

Absorption system with heat from the solar installation
Heat dissipation of choice:
air
water, using cooling tower
ground water
buried heat exchanger (sensors or
coil
exchanger)

Other systems or combinations of systems
Electrical energy demand for cooling
Electrical energy demand
The electrical energy demand for cooling is calculated as follows:
QKÜ ,el  PS  PL   bVK  f KB  / COP
….. in kWh/a
(95)
Summer loads (PS and PL) are entered manually and the hours of cooling at full power
(bVK) are entered directly into the calculation according to the location of the building.
The correction coefficient fKB varies according to the construction type:
Construction type:
fKB
light
medium (solid wood)
heavy
0.22
0.30
0.38
The seasonal average performance coefficient COP or the SEER for the cooling group
is determined according to the combination of the systems for production and emission
of cold.
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Production
Water – air cooler Water – water cooler Water – water
group
cooler group
group
with cooling tower
using ground
water
Water- water cooler
group using a
geothermal heat
exchanger (with
sensors and coil
exchanger)
Fan convectors
2.6
2.8
3.7
3.7
Radiant cooling, using fan
convectors for dehumidification
2.8
3.0
4.2
4.2
Radiant cooling, using primary
air for dehumidification
2.8
3.0
4.2
4.2
Radiant cooling without
dehumidification
3.0
3.2
4.6
4.6
2.6
2.8
3.8
3.8
enter COP
enter COP
Air cooling only, with exterior
cooling group
Description of the system
enter COP
enter COP
Thermal energy demand
The thermal energy demand to supply the cooling systems is calculated as follows:
QKÜ ,ab  PS  PL  bVK  f KB  / COP
….. in kWh/a
In the case of gas-fuelled absorption systems, enter the values specified below: this
calculation shows the demand for energy from methane or liquid gas.
Heat dissipation
Air
Water with cooling
tower
Ground water Buried heat exchanger
(sensors and coil
exchanger)
Fan convectors
0.70
0.72
0.80
0.80
Radiant cooling, using fan
convectors for dehumidification
0.75
0.77
0.85
0.85
Radiant cooling, using primary
air for dehumidification
0.75
0.77
0.85
0.85
0.80
0.82
0.90
0.90
0.70
0.72
0.80
0.80
enter COP
enter COP
Radiant cooling without
dehumidification
Air cooling only, with exterior
cooling group
Description of the system
enter COP
enter COP
For absorption systems which are supplied with heat from a co-generation system,
enter the following values:
Page 50 of 61
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Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Air
Heat dissipation
Water with cooling
tower
Ground water
Buried heat
exchanger (sensors
and coil exchanger)
Fan convectors
0.63
0.65
0.72
0.72
Radiant cooling, using fan
convectors for dehumidification
0.68
0.69
0.77
0.77
Radiant cooling, using primary air
for dehumidification
0.68
0.69
0.77
0.77
Radiant cooling without
dehumidification
0.72
0.74
0.81
0.81
Air cooling only, with exterior
cooling group
0.63
0.65
0.72
0.72
enter COP
enter COP
Description of the system
enter COP
enter COP
In calculating the thermal production of the co-generation system, the extent to which
the system covers demand is also taken into account.
QKÜ ,el , BHKW  PS  PL  bVK  f KB  f adg / COP
….. in kWh/a (96)
The electrical energy generated is as follows:
Q B , el  Q B , th 
 B , el
 B , th
….. in kWh/M
(97)
The two values corresponding to the energy performance and the electrical power vary
according to the model, and must therefore be entered manually.
The final energy input into the compact co-generation system is as follows:
QB , P 
QB ,th
 B,th
….. in kWh/M
(98)
The remaining cooling demand will be covered by the selected type of system.
For absorption systems where the heat comes from the solar installation, the following
values apply:
Heat dissipation
Air
Water with cooling
tower
Ground
water
Buried heat exchanger
(sensors and coil
exchanger)
Fan convectors
0.62
0.64
0.71
0.71
Radiant cooling, using fan
convectors for dehumidification
0.67
0.68
0.75
0.75
Radiant cooling using primary air
for cooling
0.67
0.68
0.75
0.75
Radiant cooling without
dehumidification
0.71
0.73
0.79
0.79
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Calculation of overall efficiency
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Air cooling only,
cooling group
with
0.62
exterior
Description of the system
0.64
enter COP
enter COP
0.71
0.71
enter COP
enter COP
The extent to which the solar installation covers the total cooling demand is calculated
as follows:
DG 
Qsol  0,8
QKÜ ,el
….. in kWh/M (99)
The remaining cooling demand will then be covered by the selected type of system.
Where ground water or water from a geothermal collector are used directly (natural
cooling) the energy demand for cooling = 0. In this case, only the auxiliary electrical
energy (circulation pump for the primary circuit) need be assessed.
5.14
Auxiliary energy
In calculating the current demand, add the value QH,el , corresponding to the auxiliary
current, which is necessary to power the technological systems and which is
determined as follows:
QH,el = QH,L,el + QH,HV,el + QH,Z,el + QH,WE,el + QH,S,el + QH,WP,el + QK,KV,el + QK,NC,el (100)
Ventilation QH,l,el :
Building use type
Pm
[W/(m³/h)]
Operation time tB
[h/d]
Days d [d]
0.60
0.45
0.45
0.48
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
to be entered
16
16
to be entered
to be entered
to be entered
to be entered
to be entered
to be entered
260
350
350
350
260
260
365
260
260
Offices
Single or twin family buildings
Condominiums
Offices and residences
Schools, nurseries
Hotels
Hospitals
Sports facilities
Other public offices
QH , L ,el 
Pm 
 q
15 
V,f
1000
 tB
15 
 d
[kWh/a]
(101)
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Heating distribution QH, HV,el :
Pm < 250m² 250 > Pm > 3000 m² Pm > 3000 m²
tel
Heating system
[W/m²]
Low temp. heating
0.85
linear interpolation
0.25
Radiators, thermal panels
0.45
linear interpolation
0.25
Combined system (low and
high temp.)
Fan convectors
0.65
Linear interpolation
0.25
0.90
linear interpolation
0.5
HT12·16
Forced air heating, hot air
ovens
0.90
linear interpolation
0.5
HT12·16
[W/m²]
[W/m²]
[h/a]
HT12·1 6
HT12·16
HT12·16
Pm  NGFB  tel
1000
[kWh/a]
(102)
The average operation time tel is obtained by multiplying the heating days HT12
QH , HV , el 
(different for each Municipality) by the number of hours (16h).
Recirculation QHZel
Pm < 250 m²NGF Pm > 250 m²NGF
Hot water produced by thermal
energy
Hot water produced by electrical
energy
QH , Z ,el 
tz
[W/m²]
[W/m²]
[h/a]
0.2
0.1
5 840
0
0
5 840
Pm  NGFB  t Z
1000
[kWh/a]
(103)
When calculating the hot water demand, if the electrical resistance is in “operation all
year round”, it is assumed that QH,Z,el = 0 , otherwise the formula above is applied.
Heat generators: boilers and district heating QH,WE,el
[W/m2]
250 > Pm > 3000 m2 Pm > 3000m2
[W/m2]
[W/m2]
Low temperature oil
boiler
Oil
condensation boiler
Oil boiler
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
Low temperature
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
Heat generators
Pm < 250 m2
tWZ
[h/a]
Page 53 of 61
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gas boiler
Gas
condensation boiler
Gas boiler
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
0.45
Linear interpolation
0.10
QNutz / Ptot
Compressed air wood boiler
0.50
Linear interpolation
0.20
QNutz / Ptot
Wood chip boiler
0.70
Linear interpolation
0.30
QNutz / Ptot
Pellet boiler
0.60
Linear interpolation
0.25
QNutz / Ptot
District heating
0.05
0.05
0.05
8 760
QH ,WE ,el 
Pm  NGFB  tWZ
1000
[kWh/a]
(104)
Depending on the system (boiler or district heating) the respective values (Pm ) are
applied in relation to the net surface of the storey, and are entered into the formula
shown above.
The average operation time WZ t is determined as follows (except in the case of district
heating, where a fixed value of 8 760h applies):
tWZ 
Qh  WW QU
Ptot
[h]
(105)
Solar installation QHsel
Pm< 500 m2NGF Pm > 500 m2NGF
[W/m2]
[W/m2]
Solar installation
QH , S , el 
Pm  NGFB  t S
1000
[kWh/a]
0.3
0.2
ts
[h/a]
1 800
(106)
The specific average electrical power is multiplied by the net surface of the storey and
by the operating time, and divided by 1 000.
Heat pump QH,WP,el
Heat pump
Pm
tWP = tWZ
2
[W/m ]
[h/a]
Ground water
1.3
tWZ
Ground
0.8
tWZ
Air
0
tWZ
QH ,WP ,el 
Pm  NGFB  tWP
1000
[kWh/a]
(107)
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Calculation of overall efficiency
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Cooling system QK,KV,el
Pm < 250 m2 250 > Pm > 3000 m2 Pm > 3000m2
Cooling system
tel
[W/m2]
[W/m2]
[W/m2]
[h/a]
Fan convectors
0.9
Linear interpolation
0.5
KT18.3 ·8
Radiant cooling, using fan
convectors for
dehumidification
1.1
Linear interpolation
0.6
KT18.3 ·8
Radiant cooling using
primary air for
dehumidification
Radiant cooling without
dehumidification
Air cooling only
1.0
Linear interpolation
0.55
KT18.3 ·8
0.85
Linear interpolation
0.25
KT18.3 ·8
0.2
Linear interpolation
0.1
KT18.3 ·8
1
Linear interpolation
0.55
KT18.3 ·8
Other systems or
combinations of systems
QK , KV ,el 
Pm  NGFK  tel
1000
[kWh/a]
(108)
The average specific electrical power Pm is determined based on the selected cooling
system and then entered into the calculation. The Pm values differ depending on the
net surface area of the storey; from 250 to 3000m², calculate using linear interpolation.
The average operation time tel is obtained by multiplying the cooling days KT18.3
(different for each Municipality) by the number of hours (8h).
5.15
CO2 emissions
CO2 emission factors and/or equivalent are also considered CO2 emissions. These are
not simply limited to carbon dioxide emissions, but also include other types of harmful
emissions, such as CH4, CO, NOx and N2O.
The CO2- emissions of a building depend on both the quantity of primary energy and
the type of fuel and its corresponding quantity of CO2 emissions.

mCO2   Q i    CO2
i

….. in kg CO2 (110)a
The level of CO2 emissions in kg/kWhEnd indicated with the
to the
fuel, in accordance with the table below:
 CO2
Fuel
 CO2
Super light fuel oil
Light fuel oil
Liquid gas (LPG)
Rape seed oil
Methane gas
Wood chips
Briquettes/logs
Pellets
Electrical current
0.290
0.303
0.263
0.033
0.249
0.035
0.055
0.042
0.647
sign, varies according
Page 55 of 61
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Guidelines
District heating: fuel oil
District heating: methane gas
District heating: fuel oil and co-generation
District heating: methane gas and co-generation
District heating: rape seed oil
District heating: rape seed oil and co-generation
District heating: wood with methane gas boiler for peak
times
District heating: wood with oil boiler for peak times
District heating: wood with rape seed oil boiler for peak
times
District heating: waste-to-energy incinerator
0.410
0.300
0.280
0.270
0.150
0.180
0.125
0.150
0.100
0.200
Specific CO2 emissions
The yearly CO2 emissions for the net heated surface of the storey are calculated as
follows:
….. in kg CO2/(m²⋅a) (111)
The overall energy efficiency of buildings is classified by specific CO2 emissions, in the
same way that it is already classified according to the heating demand.
Building
Classification:
Gold
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
EP_NGF
[kWh/m2a]
CO2_NGF
[CO2/(m2·a)]
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
Dlgs311 ss
<5
< 10
< 20
< 30
< 40
< 50
< 60
> 70
Performance coefficient of the installation/primary energy
demand/renewable sources
5.16
Performance coefficient of the installation/primary energy demand
The performance coefficient of the installation is the relationship between primary
energy and the overall heat demand and is calculated as follows:
eP 
QP
Qh  Qww  Qu  Qel
(0.0.2.1)
The primary energy demand is the sum of all the individual energy quantities, multiplied
by the corresponding primary energy factor.
QP  Qel  f P ,el  QB , P  f P , BHKW  QK , E  f P , K  Q grid  f P ,el
… in kWh/(m²⋅a)
Percentage of renewable energies
The share of renewable energies derived from the relationship between the sum of
renewable energies and the sum of primary energies.
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6.0
Tables with calculation data
Tab. 1: Heat convection resistances and temperature correction factors of
building elements
Heat convection
resistance
in m²·K/W
Heat flows to the exterior via
Rsi
Elements in contact with the exterior air
Exterior walls
unventilated
ventilated
Exterior roof
upwards:
unventilated
ventilated
downwards:
unventilated
ventilated
Pitched roofs
unventilated
ventilated
Elements adjacent to non-heated areas
Walls facing non-heated attic
Roof facing non-heated attic
Walls facing underground garage
Roof facing underground garage
Walls facing non-heated conservatory
with conservatory exterior glazing:
Single glazing U > 2.5 W/(m²·K)
Insulated glazing U < 2.5 W (m²·K)
Heat-insulated glazing U < 1.6 W/(m²·K)
Walls facing non-heated basement
Roof facing non-heated basement
walls facing non-heated stairwell,
exposed to outside air
Walls facing interior glass-covered courtyard
(Atrium)
Walls facing non-heated recess
Roof facing non-heated recess
upwards
downwards
Elements touching the ground
Walls touching the ground
Floor touching the ground
Rse
Temperatur
e correction
factor fi
Rsi +
Rse
0.13 0.04 0.17
0.13 0.13 0.26
1.0
1.0
0.10 0.04 0.14
0.10 0.10 0.20
1.0
1.0
0.17 0.04 0.21
0.17 0.17 0.34
1.0
1.0
0.10 0.04 0.14
0.10 0.10 0.20
1.0
1.0
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.17
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.17
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.34
0.13 0.13 0.26
0.13 0.13 0.26
0.17 0.17 0.34
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.13 0.13 0.26
0.13 0.13 0.26
0.5
0.5
0.13 0.13 0.26
0.5
0.10 0.10 0.20
0.17 0.17 0.34
0.5
0.5
0.13 0.17 -
0.6
0.5
0.13
0.17
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Tab. 2: Heat transfer and total energy use coefficients for glazing
Description
Ug
W/(m²·K)
5.8
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.7
1.9
g
1.5
0.61
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.61
0.62
0.62
0.48
Heat-insulated coated three-layered glazing 4-8-4-8-4 0.5
(Xe)
0.48
Reflective double glazing 6-15-6 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-12-4 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-15-6 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-15-4 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-12-4 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-12-4 (Ar)
Reflective double glazing 6-15-6 (Ar)
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.33
0.39
0.44
0.48
Single glazing 6 mm
Transparent insulated double glazing 6-8-6
Transparent insulated double glazing 6-12-6
Transparent insulated double glazing 6-16-6
Transparent double glazing 6-30-6
Transparent insulated three-layered glazing 6-12-612-6
Heat-insulated coated double glazing 4-16-4
(Air)
Heat-insulated coated double glazing 4-15-6 (Ar)
Heat-insulated coated double glazing 4-12-4 (Kr)
Heat-insulated coated double glazing 4-12-4 (Xe)
Heat-insulated coated three-layered glazing 4-8-4-8-4
(Kr)
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
0.83
0.71
0.71
0.72
0.72
0.63
Tab. 3: Heat transfer coefficients for wood frames
Thickness
df mm
30
50
70
90
110
Uf
W/(m²·K)
Soft wood (500
kg/m³) λ = 0.13
W/(m·K)
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
Hard wood (700 kg/m³)
λ = 0.18 W/( m·K)
2.70
2.35
2.05
1.85
1.65
Tab. 4: Heat transfer coefficients for plastic frames
Material
Window type
Polyurethane
PVC tubular
profiles
2 chambers
3 chambers
Uf
W/(m²·K)
2.6
2.2
2.0
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Tab. 5: Heat transfer coefficients for metal frames
Uf
W/(m²·K)
4.0
6.0
With thermal cutting
Without thermal cutting
Tab. 6: Correction coefficient for thermal bridge between frame and glazing

Wood or plastic window unit
Correction coefficient g
Double/triple glazing, no film Double/triple glazing with
film
0.04
0.06
Insulated metallic window unit
Non-insulated metallic window unit
0.06
0.00
0.08
0.02
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Tab. 7: Correction coefficient fN in degrees for gradients in relation to the
horizontal
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
5
1.21
1.15
1.10
1.06
1.04
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.08
1.13
1.19
1.23
10
1.40
1.28
1.18
1.12
1.08
1.06
1.07
1.10
1.16
1.25
1.37
1.45
15
1.59
1.41
1.26
1.16
1.10
1.08
1.09
1.14
1.22
1.36
1.54
1.66
20
1.76
1.53
1.33
1.20
1.12
1.09
1.10
1.16
1.28
1.45
1.69
1.86
25
1.92
1.63
1.39
1.22
1.13
1.09
1.11
1.18
1.32
1.54
1.84
2.04
30
2.07
1.73
1.44
1.24
1.13
1.08
1.10
1.19
1.36
1.62
1.97
2.21
35
2.20
1.80
1.48
1.25
1.12
1.07
1.09
1.19
1.38
1.68
2.08
2.36
40
2.31
1.87
1.50
1.25
1.10
1.04
1.07
1.19
1.40
1.73
2.18
2.49
45
2.41
1.92
1.52
1.24
1.08
1.01
1.04
1.17
1.40
1.77
2.27
2.61
50
2.48
1.96
1.52
1.22
1.04
0.97
1.01
1.14
1.40
1.80
2.33
2.70
55
2.54
1.98
1.51
1.19
1.00
0.93
0.96
1.11
1.38
1.81
2.38
2.78
60
2.58
1.99
1.49
1.15
0.95
0.87
0.91
1.07
1.35
1.80
2.41
2.83
65
2.65
1.98
1.46
1.11
0.90
0.81
0.85
1.02
1.31
1.79
2.42
2.86
70
2.60
1.96
1.42
1.05
0.84
0.75
0.79
0.96
1.27
1.76
2.41
2.87
75
2.58
1.92
1.37
0.99
0.77
0.68
0.72
0.89
1.21
1.71
2.39
2.86
80
2.54
1.87
1.30
0.92
0.69
0.60
0.64
0.82
1.14
1.66
2.34
2.82
85
2.48
1.80
1.23
0.84
0.61
0.52
0.56
0.74
1.07
1.59
2.28
2.77
90
2.40
1.72
1.15
0.75
0.53
0.43
0.47
0.65
0.98
1.51
2.20
2.69
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Tab. 8: Correction coefficient fS in degrees, for variance from the south
East
South
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1.54
1.47
1.4
1.35
1.29
1.25
1.2
1.17
1.14
1.115
1.09
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.005
1.00
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
West North
90
180
1.005
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.1
1.12
1.15
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.305
1.35
1.43
1.51
June
July
August
September
October
56.7
63.9
63.6
59.7
62.3
64.2
70.3
December
May
56.2
November
April
54.7 58.5
 e in %
March
February
January
Tab. 9: Relative outside air humidity
2.45
74.1 55.6
Tab. 10: Partial steam pressure ps according to temperature
Temp. [°C]
Ps
Temp. [°C]
Ps
Temp. [°C]
-21
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
0.935
1.09
1.133
1.246
1.369
1.503
1.649
1.808
1.98
2.169
2.373
2.595
2.833
3.095
3.376
3.681
4.011
4.368
4.754
5.172
5.621
6.108
6.565
7.054
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
7.574
8.129
8.718
9.346
10.013
10.721
11.473
12.271
13.117
14.015
14.969
15.974
17.04
18.169
19.363
20.62
21.957
23.37
24.85
26.42
28.08
29.82
31.67
33.6
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Ps
35.64
37.78
40.04
42.41
44.91
47.53
50.29
53.18
56.22
59.4
62.74
66.24
69.91
73.75
77.77
81.98
86.39
91
95.82
100.85
106.12
111.62
117.36
123.35
Page 61 of 61
61
Calculation of overall efficiency
Guidelines
Annex 5:
Limits relating to individual structural elements:
Value U [W/m²K]
Climate Zone
Zone E
Zone F
Vertical opaque
structures facing
the exterior
0.27
0.26
Horizontal/sloping opaque structures
Roof
0.24
0.23
Flat roofs
0.30
0.28
Windows, doors
and other
systems
1.8
1.6
For interior structural elements, the limit value is 0.8 W/m²K.
Minimum requirements for summer protection (Zone E only):
Dynamic U limit value: 0.1 W/m²K, time lag 8 hours
Page 62 of 61
62
ClimateHouse
ClimateHouse
Energycertificate
certificate
Energy
Owner
Owner
Location
Location
Municipality
Municipality
Building permit
P.F
P.F. permit
Building
.Designed by
Plot
C.C.
C.C.
Plot
Designed by
Efficienza
energetica
Energy efficiency
of the
dell'involucro
building envelope
Efficienza
complessiva Environmental
Sostenabilità
Overall
efficiency
ambientale
sustainability
Low heat demand
ClimateHouse
ClimateHouse
ClimateHouse
Minimum standard
High heat demand
Existing house standard
Existing house standard
Existing house standard
Existing house standard
Envelope energy efficiency in relation to the location
Envelope energy efficiency in relation to the location
Energy performance indicator for winter climate maintenance
Energy performance indicator for winter climate maintenance
AUTONOMOUS
PROVINCE OF
BOLZANO
ALTO ADIGE
Date
Number
Page 1 of 11
63
ClimateHouse Agency
ClimateHouse
Energy Certificate
Image of the building
Owner
Location
Municipality
Photo
Climatic data
Climatic zone
Height above sea level
Heating days HT
Standardised temperature θne
Average interior temperature θi
Degree days DD
Envelope energy efficiency in relation to the location
Energy performance indicator for winter climate maintenance
AUTONOMOUS
PROVINCE OF
BOLZANO
ALTO ADIGE
Date
Number
Page 1 of 11
64
ClimateHouse Agency
ClimateHouse
Energy Certificate
Climate House – the winning choice
Congratulations
vincente
ClimateHouse provides you with the best conditions to live in comfort and save energy.
ClimateHouse buildings differ from conventional houses primarily due to their energy savings
and quality of living. These features increase the inhabitants’ comfort, reduce additional costs
thanks to their minimal energy demand and at the same time ensure the value of the building
in the long term.
The most important features:
Well insulated: all the elements that close off the building from the outside, such as walls,
floors and roofs, must be well insulated to reduce heat loss. This solution ensures that the
interior wall surfaces stay warm. This in turn guarantees a comfortable indoor climate, without
the interior temperature exceeding 20 °C.
Produced with expertise: thanks to a tight building envelope, energy losses are reduced,
while the air is still able to flow freely.
ClimateHouse/KlimaHaus is a protected brand
Only buildings which genuinely correspond to the ClimateHouse
requirements are certified. Each ClimateHouse certificate comes with
its own code: this ID number means that the certified building has its
CasaClima
Page 5 of 11
own unique identity.
ClimateHouse
Energy Certificate
Energy Efficiency of the building envelope
Owner
Location
Municipality
Building data
Single or twin family building
Building type
Gross Heated Volume VB
Net surface area of storeys NGFB
Building skin
AB Gross dissipating surface of the envelope
A/V Gross dissipating surface of the envelope/Gross heated volume ratio
Average transfer coefficient
Um Average transfer coefficient of the building envelope
Energy gains and losses
QT
Qv
Qi
Qs
Municipality xxx
ClimateHouse Standard
Heat loss through transfer during the heating period
Heat loss through ventilation during the heating period
Gains from internal loads during the heating period
Solar heat inflows during the heating period
Energy and heat power demand
Oh Heat demand for heating during the heating period
PTot Heating capacity of the building
P1 Specific heating capacity in relation to the net surface area
Efficiency of the building envelope
(Specific heat demand for heating in relation to the net surface area)
AUTONOMOUS
PROVINCE OF
BOLZANO
ALTO ADIGE
Date
Number
Page 5 of 11
ClimateHouse Agency
ClimateHouse
Energy Certificate
Overall Energy Efficiency
Owner
Location
Municipality
Primary energy demand
Heating
Hot water
Cooling
Lighting
Primary energy gains from own electricity production
Overall primary energy demand
Auxiliary energy
(partially integrated into heating, air conditioning and cooling)
Renewable energy and CO2 emissions
Alternative energy quota
CO2 emissions
CO2 index
Energy performance indices
Energy performance index for maintaining winter climate
Energy performance limit value for maintaining winter climate
(Decree of 11 March 2008 and subsequent amendments and addenda)
Criteria for overall renovation on existing buildings
checked
Overall efficiency
AUTONOMOUS
PROVINCE OF
BOLZANO
ALTO ADIGE
ClimateHouse Agency
Date
Number
Expiry date: The ClimateHouse energy certificate is valid for 10 years, if no changes are made which have a negative impact on the
building’s energy balance and if the provisions of Article 6 of the MD 26106/2009 are respected.
The energy improvement recommendations indicated have a maximum return time of 10 years.
Page 5 of 11
Reference standard: UNI EN 832 | ÖNorm B8110-1 | UNI EN ISO 6946 | UNI EN ISO 10017-1 | EN ISO 10211·1
SELF DECLARATION OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE (1)
(paragraph 9, Annex A, Decree of 26 June 2009 – National Guidelines for the energy certification of buildings)
The undersigned
(Surname)
(name)
born in ______________________________________ (Prov. _______) on _______________,
resident of ______________________________________ (Prov. _______),
Street: ______________________________________________ no:_______,
tel.:____________________________________________________
tax identification code: _________________________________
VAT no: ____________________________________
in his/her capacity as
________________________________________________________________________________
(owner/proxy/other)
of the building located in ____________________________________________ (Prov. ______),
Street: ______________________________________________ no:_______,
on building lot ____________________ plot \ __________________________
Land Register of the Municipality of _________________________________________________
68
IN FULL KNOWLEDGE OF
• the penal sanctions in the event of a false declaration and/or forgery of documents;
• the very poor energy quality of the building;
FOR THE SOLE PURPOSES
set out in Article 6(1)(a) of Legislative Decree 192/2005 and subsequent amendments and addenda.;
DECLARES
• that the building which is the subject of this declaration has a useful surface area (net walkable surface) of no
more than 1 000 m²;
• that the building is of energy class G;
• that the energy management costs of the building are very high.
In response to the provisions of Annex A, paragraph 9 of the Decree of 26 June 2009 – National Guidelines for
the energy certification of buildings – the undersigned undertakes to send a copy of this declaration, by
recommended post, within 15 days of its issue, to:
Agenzia CasaClima Srl
Via Macello 30c
I-39100 BOLZANO
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Place and date
Declarant signature (in full and legible)
(2)
(1) This self-declaration may be used until the entry into force of the regional measures.
(2) In accordance with Article 38, P.R.D. No 445 of 28 December 2000, the signature at the bottom of the page is not subject to
authentication if a photocopy of an identity document pertaining to the signatory is attached to the application.
69