GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1- 312/1
JULY/AUGUST 2015
MWINGI CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY JOINT MOCK
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (K.C.S.E)
GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
2.
3.
(a)
-
Define Earth Movement
(2mks)
It’s the Displacement or Movement of Crustal rock caused by Tectonic forces
which originate and operate in the interior of the earth.
(b)
Causes of earth movements
Magma movement
Gravitational force
Conventional current
Isostatic adjustment
(a)
What is a rock
(2mks)
It is a hard compact material in the earth’s crust made of one or more
minerals
(b)
Classes of rocks according to mode of formation
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
(3mks)
Process in which moist winds go through to become dry
(5mks)
-
(3mks)
Warm moist wind blows from the sea
The warm moist wind is forced to rise over a mountain
When the moist wind rise over a mountain, it is cooled
When the moist is cooled, it condenses resulting into rain
When it rains the wind is cooled and reaches / descend the leeward side of
the mountain as cold dry wind
1
4.
5.
(a)
Types of folds
Simple symmetrical fold
Assymetrical fold
Overfold
Isoclinal fold
Recumbent fold
Overthrust fold (Nappe: fold)
Anticlinorum and synclinorium complex
(2mks)
(b)
Name of fold mountains found in the following confirurents
South America – Arides
South Africa – Cape Ranges
Europe - Alps
(a)
Types of Mass Wasting
Rapid mass movement
Slow mass wasting
(b)
Positive effects of weathering
(3mks)
Lead to soil formation
Weathering give beautiful scenery which are tourist attraction centres
Weathering produce construction materials e.g. sand, stones and blocks
Weathered product dissolved in sea water provide nutrients to marine
animals
(2mks)
SECTION B
6.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Distance
11km ± 0.5 = 2mks
Area
Full sq = 25
+2 sq = 20 = 10
2
= 35km2
=
2mks
(i)
Social service
Education
Administration
Health services
Judicial services
Evidence
Presence of schools
Presence of DO’s offices and chief camps
Presence of hospitals and dispensaries
Court houses
3 x 2 = 6mks
(ii)
Drainage of the area covered by the map
- There are permanent rivers
- Most of the river tributaries drains their water to Ikoo River
- Most the rivers flow from North West to South East
2
(c) (i) -
There are presence of bore holes
There are dams e.g. Kauma dam, Boni dam etc
Most rivers form dentritic drainage pattern 4 x 1 = 4mks
Natural vegetation
Scattered trees
Scrubs
(ii) Bearing
=
3 x 1 = 3mks
2260 ± 10
2 x 1 = 2mks
(d)(i) Reasons for route map
To know the direction
To familiarize with the area of the study
To estimate the distance
To assist in making the time schedule
To show distribution of features
To avoid getting lost
Estimate time likely to be taken
3 x 1 = 3mks
(ii)
7.
(a)
Advantages of studying river through field work
To enable student relate what they have learnt in classroom
Students are able to count the number of tributaries
Students are able to gauge the impact of river in the area
Students are able to find the use of river
3 x 1 = 3mks
(i)
-
Two types of faults
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Tear/shear fault
(2mks)
(3 x 1 = 3mks)
(ii)
-
(b)
Occurrence of compressional forces:
Starts in the upper mantle which is molten
Coventional current in the mental exerts frictional drag with the same
layers/crustal layers
Crustal rocks moves toward one another – compressional force
(3 x 1 = 3mks)
Formation of Rift Valley by tensional forces
Step 1
3
Step 2
Step 4
NB: Each step 2 mks (4 x 2 = 8mks)
(c)
Significance of faulting to human activities
(i)
Leads to formation of lakes e.g. Lake Naivasha – which provide water for
domestic, industrial use and irrigation
-Also we get fish from the lake
4
7.
(c)
-
Formation of hot springs and geysers – production of geothermal in Olkaria
- Keya
Block mountains e.g. Ruwenzori receive high rainfall – Agriculture
Features formed e.g. fault scarps attract tourist – foreign exchange
Vertical fault across a river may form a water fall – suitable for dam
construction – generation of hydro-electric power
Disruption of communication line e.g. railways
Subsidence of land which may lead to loss of life and property
Faulty across a river may lead to disappearance of a river
Any other relevant point (4 x 2) = 8mks
(i)
-
Problem they likely faced during the study
Adverse weather condition i.e. rainfall
Difficult terrain to move on i.e. steep slopes
Attach by wild animals i.e. sneaks
(2 x 1 = 2mks)
(ii)
-
Physical features they likely saw
Escarpments
Block mountains
Lakes
Hot springs and geysers
-
(d)
(2 x 2 = 2mks)
Artesian Basin (2mks)
8.
(a)
(i)
Karst Scenery
(2mks)
These are features formed in an area with limestone rock.
(ii)
Diagram showing underground features found in Limestone area (5mks)
5
(iii)
Factors leading to formation of Karst Scenery
(6mks)
- Presence of hard well jointed rock to allow permeability of water
underground
- Hot and humid climate with abundant rainfall
- Water table should be far below the surface to allow water percolate
down rocks
(b)
(i)
(ii)
-
(c)
It is the stratum in the earth surface in which one or more aquifer are
enclosed above and below by an impermeable strata
Condition necessary formation of an Artesian basins (6mks)
Aquifer should be of the same permeable material
Aquifer must be exposed in areas with sufficient precipitation
Aquifer must lie in between two impermeable strata of rock to retain water
The basin must dip toward a pegion where the land surface is lower than
it’s exposed ends
Importance of Artesian Basin
Provide water for irrigation
Provide water for domestic and industrial use
Encourage settlement since it is a source of water
6
9.
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Describe how Lake Victoria was formed.
Formed when the earth surface down warped and titled forming a hollow
depression that was filled with water
How Lake Victoria influence the climate of the surrounding areas
- Heavy rainfall due to moisture from the lake
- High temperature due to low altitude caused by the depression
- Availability of water has attracted the industrial set up that pollute the
environment
(3 x 2) = 6mks
Why some lakes in the rift valley have fresh water
Presence of surface outlets through which excess salt deposits are drained
away
Some of the lakes have sub-terranean outlets which drain the salt from the
lake beds
Some have regular in flow of fresh water which dilutes the salts keeping
the water fresh
Some are situated in areas of low temperature thus low evaporation rates
Some are situated in areas of high rainfall which keep water fresh
4 x 1 = 4mks
Economic uses of Lakes
Fishing
Transport
Irrigation
Production of H.E.P
Source of water for industrial and domestic use
5 x 1 = 5mks
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
10.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Deforestation
Rivers pouring water into lakes dry up as their sources are interfered
Industrialization: Water matter/sewage is let to spill in lakes polluting the
water
Water weeds: It leads to depletion of fish breeding grounds and affect
transportation
Types of vegetation
Natural vegetation
Derived vegetation
Cultivated vegetation
(3mks)
(i)
A
B
C
D
Vegetation zones
Savana grassland
Woodland
Mountain forest
Bamboo forest (4 x 1 = 4mks)
(3mks)
(ii)
Importance of vegetation in zone C
- Purification of air in biosphere
(6mks)
7
(3 x 1 = 3mks)
-
c.
Roots and plants bind soil together and check rain intensity – control
soil erosion
Habitat for wildlife – attraction of tourist generating foreign exchange
View material for industries e.g. pulp, paper
Some plants used in manufacture of medicine
Aesthetic value – makes land beautiful
Water catchment area – source of rivers (3 x 2 = 6mks)
(iii)
What the government is doing to protect forest (6mks)
- Reforestation programs
- Legal action – law governing harvesting of trees
- Employment of forest guards
- Gazeting areas to become forest resource
(i)
Methods of data collection used
Observation
Photography
Experimental
Interviewing
(3 x 1 = 3mks)
(ii)
Importance of a working schedule
- Avoid time wasting
- Ensure all areas covered
- Get time estimate to be used
- Enable them get all relevant equipment e.g. tools
- Any other relevant point
(3 x 1 = 3mks)
8