1.
What makes up an ecosystem? (pp. 32-42)
Habitats
Ecological Niches
Biotic factors; individuals, communities, populations
Abiotic Factors
Trophic Levels
Food Chains and Food Webs
Sustainability
2.
Ecological Processes (pp. 48-52)
Energy Flow
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration
The Water Cycle
Primary and Secondary Succession
3.
Biomes (pp. 52-60)
Terrestrial Biomes- The five biomes of Canada
Aquatic Biomes-
Watersheds
Freshwater ecosystems- Eutrophic and Oligotrophic lakes
Zones of a lake- littoral, limnetic, benthic
Seasonal stratification- spring and fall turnover
Summer and winter fish kills
Pollution in aquatic ecosystems
Marine ecosystems- open ocean, coral reefs, estuaries, mangroves, intertidal zones
4.
Ecological Stewardship (pp. 72-85)
What is the value of natural ecosystems?
Equilibrium and change
The importance of biodiversity
Extinction and species at risk
5.
Human Impacts on Natural Ecosystems (pp. 87-106)
Habitat loss and fragmentation
Invasive species
Pollution- air, water, land
Overconsumption
Resource management- Forestry practices, oil extraction, wildlife management
6.
Human-Designed Environments (pp. 119-143)
Agriculture- monocultures, fertilization, pesticides, native and non-native crops
Soil- What is it? Soil horizons, Soil nutrients (K,N,P)
Problems with fertilizing and applying pesticides
Pests and poisons- What is a pest, How do we control them?
Bioamplification and bioaccumulation
Urban Ecosystems-How are cities sources of pollution, how does it impact non-urban environments? What can we do to have greener cities? What’s good environmentally about cities?

Pages 158-159: questions 1-40
160-161: questions 41-46, 49-52, 57-61
162-163: questions 64, 66-68 & 71
164-165: questions 1-14, 17-21, 25