FACTSHEET 3
IES: Integrated Environmental Strategies methodology
Developer
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Location
http://www.epa.gov/ies/
IES is a program developed by the USEPA designed to assess the impact on measures
before implementation, helping local and national governments to make environmental
decisions. IES is designed to support developing nations in performing evaluations of the
co-benefits - environmental, health, and economic - of integrated environmental
undertakings (investments, policies, projects that have local and global impacts).
IES is achieved by research teams, policymakers and US counterpart support. “Projects
receive technical assistance from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), as
well as other cooperators and contractors.” Nations have participated in the IES program
both before and during project implementation.
Strategies commonly analyzed are:
 Measures that reduce fuel use or energy consumption
 Energy efficient improvements
 Technical abatement measures (legislation)
 Structural changes
 Renovation of the fleet
Methodology
The methodology applies to the following sectors:
 Environmental (air quality and global climate change);
 Public Health;
 Transport;
 Energy (power generation, transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial),
 Economy
The steps and processes can be summarized in the following way:
Energy/Emissions
Modeling
• Projected Annual
Emissions
Air Quality Modeling
• Projected Emissions
Concentrations
Health Effects
Modeling
• Projected Public
Health Impacts
Economic Evaluation
Modeling
• Projected Economic
Benefits
Scope project and build the team
Air pollutant and GHG emissions analysis
Optimization - IES - Scenarios (Develop energy/transport emissions baseline and scenarios)
Air quality modeling (calculate atmospheric concentrations)
Health effect analysis (quantify public health effects)
Perform economic valuation of health benefits
Prioritize measures and share results
Implement measure
Table 4.1 summarizes the models commonly used to complete each of the steps outlined
above.
Table 4.1 Models commonly used in the IES
Energy/Emissions
Bottom-up:
 MARKAL - Market
allocation model
 EPA's MOBILE 6
 LEAP - The Long-range
Energy Alternatives
Planning model
 Energy and Power
Evaluation Program Model for Analysis of
Energy Demand
(ENPEP-MAED)
Top-down:
 CGE: The computable
general equilibrium
model








Air Quality
SofIA-Software de
Impacto Atmosferico
Box Mode
Source Apportionment
Method
ATMOS/UR-BAT
(Urban Branching
Atmospheric
Trajectory) Model
California Institute of
Technology (CIT)
Model, Models-3/
Community Multiscale
Air Quality (CMAQ)
Model
Industrial Source
Complex 3 (ISC3)
Model
Gaussian Plume Model
(custom)
Urban Air Model
(UAM).
Health Effects
 APHEBA – The Air
Pollution Health
Effects Benefit
Analysis.
 BenMAP-Int – The
Environmental
Benefits Mapping
and Analysis
ProgramInternational.
Economy Evaluation
 EPA - Guidelines for
preparing Economy
Analyses
 For Health Effects:
WTP Methods
Pollutants/Gases commonly analyzed
Table 4.2 IES Pollutants/Gases commonly analyzed
Conventional*
CO: Carbon Monoxide
VOC: Volatile Organic
Compounds
NOx: Nitrogen Oxides
SO2: -Sulfur Dioxide
PM: Particulate Matter (PM10
and PM2.5)
Green house gases
CO2: Carbon Dioxide
N2O: Nitrous Oxide
CH4: Methane
Other pollutants
Hg: Mercury
Pb: Lead
HFCs: Hydroflurocarbons
PFCs: Perfluorocarbons
* Defined as air pollutants in any country that can cause human health impacts.
Evaluation
Table 4.3 IES Evaluation (strengths and weaknesses)
Strengths
Weaknesses
One of few methodologies that includes an Requires wide-scale national involvement,
integrated assessment of health and which might slow project progress; project
economic impacts of environmental projects teams typically involve professionals from
multiple universities, private consultancies,
IES is specifically targeted to developing and government agencies.
nations in contrast to THE PEP1
Projects are large-scale, assessing numerous
Unlike THE PEP, IES projects often include measures that are often highly capitalnon-transport components
intensive
IES results may be used to apply for funding
from other programs (e.g. IES results
supported Chile’s successful application to
receive GEF funding)
Precedents
Government agencies and research institutions in Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, South
Korea, India, the Philippines, and Mexico participate in the IES program. Most Recently
Colombia is working in IES – Bogota.
IES Studies made in different Latin America cities is presented in the table 4.4 below.
Table 4.4 IES Latin America Studies
1
THE PEP is a methodology focused on approaches to the economic valuation of potential health effects. The
result is meant primarily for integration into comprehensive cost-benefit analyses of transport interventions or
infrastructure projects, but can also serve for an assessment of the current situation or of investments made in the
past.
Location
Brazil
(Sao
Paulo)
Argentina
(Buenos
Aires)
Chile
(Santiago
)
Mexico
(Mexico
City)
Year
Initiate
d
1998
2000
2000
2002
Transit Scenarios Considered
Increase in vehicular ethanol
use
Substitution of existing diesel
buses with hybrid dieselelectric and natural gas buses
Implementation of an I/M
program
Improvement of the public
transport system
"Adoption of emissions control
devices by heavy-duty diesel
vehicles"
Mitigation Scenario:
Increased use of compressed
natural gas
Changes in relative pricing of
fuels
Incentives to improve vehicle
efficiency
Integrated Scenario (in addition
to the CNG scenario):
Expansion of subway system
Traffic mitigation through tax
incentives, traffic reengineering,
promotion of public transit
Speed limits and controls via
radars and cameras
Replace diesel buses with CNGfueled buses
Replace existing diesel buses
with hybrid diesel-electric
buses
Renovate taxi fleet
Implement congestion taxes
Phase 2:
Renovation of taxi fleet
Expansion of the metro system
Integration of hybrid buses into
the bus fleet
Phase 3: quantification of
costs/benefits of Metrobus BRT
system
Health
Effects
Considered
Models Used
PM10, sulfur dioxide,
carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides,
volatile organic
compounds, ozone,
CO2, methane
Morbidity
and
mortality
levels for
individuals
of all age
levels
Energy and
emissions
inventory: LongRange Energy
Alternatives
Planning (LEAP)
system,
California
Institute of
Technology
Model
NOx, PM, CO2
Premature
mortality,
rate of
hospitalizati
on/ER visits
for
respiratory
diseases
Software de
Impacto
Atmosferica
(SofIA)
Gases/Pollutants
Considered
PM2.5, PM10, CO,
Ozone, SO2, SOx, NOx,
VOC
Phase 2: PM2.5, PM10,
O3, CO2, CH4, N2O
Phase 3: PM2.5, NOx,
SO2, total
hydrocarbons, CO2,
CH3, N2O
Premature
mortality,
rate of
hospitalizati
on/ER visits
for
respiratory
diseases
Phase 2:
Qualityadjusted life
years
Phase 3:
work loss
days,
restricted
activity days,
number of
cases of
Air Pollution
Health Effects
Benefits
Assessment
(APHEBA)
valuation model,
ESTRAUS,
MODEM, VERDI,
Emissions
Inventory
Management
System (SAIE),
AIRVIRO,
CAPMS, MODEC,
CAMx, box
model, source
apportionment
method
Phase 2:
Analytica
software CoBenefits Model,
Multiscale
Climate
Chemistry
Model,
MOBILE5MCMA, CAM's
MCCM model,
locally
chronic
bronchitis,
premature
mortality
Colombia
(Bogota)
2011
Optimizar el Sistema Integrado
de Transporte Público. Three
sceneries: Without Integrated
public transport system IPTS,
with IPTS and IPTS
environmental emphasis.
Exposure level perspective.
PM10 and CO2
Mortality,
and ER visits
for
respiratory
diseases
developed box
model, ,
California
Institute of
Technology
model
Phase 3:
MOBILE6MEXICO
The Transport
Emission Model
for Line Sources
(TREM) and the
Local Scale
Dispersion
Model (VADIS).
Vehicle Specific
Power (VSP)
Software system
for
transportation
planningVelocity –VISUM
adapted for
Bogota.
Source: (Summary – IES USEPA)
References
Fitzgerald, J., 2010. Integrated Environmental Strategies Program Presentation.
Climate Change Division, US. EPA. Bogota, Colombia.
Chae, Y., 2010. Co-benefit analysis of an air quality management plan and
greenhouse gas reduction strategies in the Seoul metropolitan area.
Environmental Science and Policy 13. Pages 205-216.
Chae Y., and Park J., 2011. Quantifying costs and benefits of integrated
environmental strategies of air quality management and greenhouse gas
reduction in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Energy Policy. Pages 1-13.
Budh E., 2007. Can integrated control strategies for multiple emissions enhance
cost-efficiency in environmental policy? Evidence from Sweden. Environmental
Science and Policy 10. Pages 104-115.