18
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Scientists assign each type of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as
a. traditional classification.
c. binomial nomenclature.
b. the three domains.
d. cladistics.
2. For many species, there are often regional differences in their
a. common names.
c. taxa.
b. scientific names.
d. binomial nomenclature.
3. In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization is referred to as a
a. cladogram.
c. taxon.
b. binomial.
d. system.
4. Scientists have identified and named
a. all living species.
c. all extinct species.
b. all living and extinct species.
d. a fraction of all species.
5. How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early versions of scientific names?
a. They are longer.
c. They are completely descriptive.
b. They are shorter.
d. They are in English.
6. The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
a. order in its class.
c. genus in its family.
b. family in its order.
d. species in its genus.
7. Before Linnaeus, scientific names were problematic because they were
a. too brief to be descriptive.
c. written only in Greek.
b. very long and difficult to standardize.
d. written only in Latin.
8. A genus is composed of a number of related
a. kingdoms.
c. orders.
b. phyla.
d. species.
9. Several different classes make up a
a. kingdom.
c. family.
b. phylum.
d. genus.
10. Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class
a. Amphibia.
c. Aves.
b. Mammalia.
d. Reptilia.
11. The most general and largest category in Linnaeus’s system is
a. the phylum.
c. the genus.
b. the kingdom.
d. the domain.
12. Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily
a. extinct organisms.
c. DNA similarities.
b. RNA similarities.
d. general similarities in appearance.
13. What kind of analysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms?
a. cladistic analysis
c. taxonomy
b. traditional classification
d. anatomy
14. In biology, an evolutionary innovation is also referred to as a
a. derived character.
c. molecular clock.
b. taxonomic group.
d. physical similarity.
____ 15. An analysis of derived characters is used to generate a
a. family tree based on external appearance.
b. family tree based on DNA structure.
c. cladogram.
d. traditional classification system.
____ 16. What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
a. the relative importance of each derived character
b. the order in which derived characters evolved
c. the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
d. all traits of each organism analyzed
____ 17. What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast?
a. They are not related at all.
b. Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated.
c. Their degree of relatedness can be determined from their genes.
d. They can interbreed and thus are the same species.
____ 18. Scientists have found that humans and yeasts
a. have similar genes for the assembly of certain proteins.
b. share all aspects of cellular structure.
c. have nothing in common.
d. cannot be evaluated for degree of relatedness.
____ 19. What does the presence of similar genes in very dissimilar organisms imply?
a. The genes were produced by different selection pressures.
b. The organisms share a common ancestor.
c. The organisms do not share a common ancestor.
d. The genes became identical through mutation.
____ 20. What is the main idea behind the model of a molecular clock?
a. that neutral mutations accumulate at a steady rate
b. that certain traits are under the pressure of natural selection
c. that segments of DNA can be compared with segments of RNA
d. that phenotypes, not genotypes, are affected by natural selection
____ 21. All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
a. multicellular organisms.
c. eukaryotes.
b. photosynthetic organisms.
d. prokaryotes.
____ 22. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
a. Protista
c. Plantae
b. Fungi
d. Animalia
____ 23. The three-domain system arose when scientists grouped organisms according to how long they have been
a. alive in their present forms.
c. evolving independently.
b. going extinct.
d. using DNA to store information.
____ 24. The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of
a. prokaryotes.
c. protists.
b. eukaryotes.
d. multicellular organisms.
____ 25. Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called
a. Animalia.
c. Monera.
b. Fungi.
d. Eukarya.