Science Final Exam Review (Answer Key)
UNIT 1.1
Organic Compounds
1. What elements do all organic compounds contain? – Carbon and Hydrogen
Cell Theory
2. What is common in all living things? – All living things are made up of cells
3. List the three parts of the Cell Theory.
1. Cells are the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made up of cells.
3. Cells are the basic unit of life.
Levels of Organization
4. What are the levels of organization starting with the smallest unit of life?
Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System – Organism
UNIT 1.2
Cell Organelles and Cell vs. Organism
5. List 5 organelles that plant and animal cells have in common.
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
6. List the 2 organelles that are found only in a plant cell. – Cell Wall and Chloroplast
7. List all 7 organelles and give their function.
1. Nucleus—Control center of the cell.
2. Mitchondria—Powerhouse of the cell.
3. Lysosomes—Trash men of the cell. Break down broken and worn out cell parts.
4. Cytoplasm—Gel like substance that packages the organelles of a cell.
5. Cell Membrane—Controls what enters and exits the cell. The gate keeper.
6. Vacuole—Storage center for the cell. Stores food, water, and waste.
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum—Highway of the cell. Transports materials throughout the cell.
8. (Obtain energy/ absorb wastes/ use oxygen/ continue growing): Which one of these is
something all cells must do to survive? Obtain Energy
9. Study the structure of cell organelles. Label the two diagrams on the next page.
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Central
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Photosynthesis
Cytoplasm
10. Write
the chemical formula for photosynthesis. Also using words, identify what each part of the
Cytoplasm
formula stands for. Ex. H2O= water
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
11. What is the energy transformation (___________  ___________)that occurs during
photosynthesis? Radiant Energy---Chemical Energy
UNIT 2.1
Body Systems12. List the 11 body systems and their function.
 As a reminder, the Skeletal System and Integumentary System both have 3
functions. List all three functions for these two systems.
Integumentary system-- Skin, hair, nails, sweat and other exocrine glands.
Skeletal system --Bones supporting the body and its organs.
Nervous system --Collects and processes information from the senses via nerves and the brain and
tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions.
Cardiovascular system -- Circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins,
delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away.
Endocrine system --Provides chemical communications within the body using hormones.
Muscular system --Enables the body to move using muscles.
Respiratory system -- The lungs and the trachea that bring air into the body.
Excretory system -- Eliminates waste from the body.
Reproductive system-- The sex organs required for the production of offspring.
Digestive system --Mechanical and chemical processes that provide nutrients via the mouth,
esophagus, stomach and intestines.
Immune system --Defends the body against disease-causing agents.
UNIT 2.2
Physical and Chemical Changes in Digestion
13. List 3 examples/verbs that show physical changes that occur during digestion.
Squeeze, Mix, Tear, Pull Apart, etc.
14. List 3 examples/verbs that show chemical changes that occur during digestion.
Acid, Thermal, Heat Released, New Substance, Bile, Insulin, etc.
15. Carbohydrates break down into smaller molecules called __glucose_______ which is a type of
sugar.
Energy Transformation in Digestion
16. What energy transformation (___________  ___________) occurs during digestion?
Chemical --- Thermal
UNIT 3.1
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
17. (Sexual reproduction/ Asexual Reproduction) Which type describes each list of characteristics?
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
1 parent
2 parents
Exactly the same DNA
Genetic diversity
Identical physical appearance
Variation in physical appearance
Heredity
18. Define heredity. The passing on of genetic traits from one generation to the next (Parents to
offspring)
19. Are scars inherited? Why or why not? – No because scars are not determined by DNA.
Location of Genetic Information
20. Create a flow map that shows the progression of DNA to Cell.
DNA-genes-chromosome-nucleus-cell (Smallest to Largest)
21. What structure within the nucleus contains the genetic material?
Chromosomes
UNIT 3.2
Internal/External Adaptations
22. Give 3 examples of an internal adaptation.
Xylem in plants
Hollow bones in birds
A cows 4 chambered stomach
23. Give 4 examples of an external adaptation (2 Behavioral and 2 Structural)
Structural:
Behavioral:
 Camouflaged Fur/Skin
 Migration
 Feathers
 Hibernation
Selective Breeding and Natural Selection
24. Define selective breeding.
Also called artificial selection, humans select the desired traits that they want to see in
plants/animals.
List 3 examples.
 Dog Breeding
 Cow Breeding
 Cross Breeding Farm Crops
25. Explain Natural Selection. The stronger trait that
allows a species to survive will be passed along to
the next generation. This is due to the fact that the
organisms with the stronger trait will survive and
reproduce, while those organisms that do not show
the stronger trait are not likely to survive and
reproduce.
UNIT 4.1:
Dichotomous keys
26. You will need to be able to read a dichotomous key.
Using this example,
 What type of tree has leaf needles in
bundles of 5? White Pine

If a tree had compound leaves, you would go to step 15.
Tropisms and Turgor Pressure
27. What is…?
 Phototropism: plants’ response to _________. Light
 Geotropism: plants’ response to _________. Gravity
 Hydrotropism: plants’ response to _________. Water
 Thigmotropism: plants’ response to ________. Touch
28. What does it mean if a plant has low turgor pressure?
The plant does not have enough water which makes the cell droopy.
What will the plant look like?
The plant will be wilted and not able to stand rigid and upright.
Stimulus/Response
29. Give an example of an external stimulus that causes an internal response.
External Stimulus- The temperature is hot outside.
Internal Response-You begin to sweat so that your body stays cool.
30. Getting food poisoning is a ___________ stimulus that would cause vomiting.
Internal Stimulus
UNIT 4.2:
Flow of Energy
31. (flower, snake, sun, hummingbird): Put these organisms in the correct order in a food chain.
Sun—Flower--Hummingbird
Cycling of Matter
32. What do decomposers do to the stored energy in dead organisms?
They return the energy back to the soil to be used by producers.
UNIT 5.1:
Microhabitats and Biomes
33. Which biome would a cactus be best suited to survive in?
Desert biome
Biodiversity
34. The more biodiversity an area has, the (more or less) sustainable it is.
The more biodiversity, the more sustainability an area has
35. Deforestation, pollution, and over hunting all cause biodiversity to (increase/ decrease).
DECREASE
UNIT 5.2:
Catastrophic Events
36. Hardened lava from volcanoes creates igneous rock which builds up the land. Would this
increase or decrease the surface area of the land?
INCREASE the surface area
Succession
37. What is the definition of a pioneer species?
The first organisms to appear in an area.
38. What is primary succession?
The colonization of new sites by communities of organisms. It often occurs after a devastating
event has wiped out the organisms that lived in an area, or with the creation of a new habitat. It
is the slowest type of succession because not even topsoil is present in the community.
What is the pioneer species in primary?
Lichen and algae
What event causes primary succession to begin?
Some type of catastrophic event that completely wipes out an area, usually a volcano.
39. What is secondary succession?
This is the faster type of succession because topsoil is already present within the community.
refers to the concept of an ecosystem reviving itself after all or a portion has been destroyed.
What is the pioneer species in secondary?
Weeds and small grasses
What types of events can cause secondary succession to begin?
Wildfires, Flooding or Humans leaving a particular area such as a farm or garden unattended.
UNIT 6.1:
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition in Texas Eco-regions
40.Define weathering, erosion and deposition.
Weathering is the breakdown of rock at the Earth’s surface.
Erosion is when rock and soil are moved from one place to another by natural forces.
Deposition is when the sediment being carried is dropped (or deposited) in a new area.
41.Explain how waves affect the quantity of sand on a beach.
Waves can increase the quantity of sand on a beach if it breaks down large rocks or
sides of cliffs down.
Waves can also pick up sand and drag it out to sea and decrease the quantity of sand.
42.What effect will rain and wind have on mountaintops over time?
The will break them down and cause them to become shorter over time.
Groundwater/Watershed
43.What is the difference between groundwater and surface water?
Groundwater is found underneath Earth’s surface.
Surface water is visible and can be seen on top of the Earth’s surface.
44.How does a well affect the quantity (amount) of groundwater?
Pumping wells drain the water found below Earth’s surface. Rain must refill the well so
that they do run dry.
How does it affect the quantity of surface water?
If the water table is lowered, then the surface water is lowered as well.
45.True/False: Pollution in surface water can leach into the groundwater. Explain.
True, polluted ponds, lakes and streams can end up slowly leaching into groundwater
and contaminating the water source.
46.If spilled gasoline from a tanker truck contaminated the water supply, would it increase
or decrease plant growth?
DECREASE, harmful chemicals, such as gasoline, will be detrimental to the growth of
plants.
UNIT 6.2:
Work
47. What is formula for work?
W=Fxd
Work (Joules) = Force (Newtons) x distance (meters)
Make up a problem and solve for work.
Coach Russell wanted to see if he could throw Eli to the Moon. He picked Eli up who weighed
40 Newtons and threw him a distance of 450,000 meters. How much work was done during
this crazy trip to space?
48. If you exert a force but the object does not move, are you doing work? Why or why not?
No work is being done. The object must move in the direction of the force in order for work to
be done.
Space
49. What is the inhabitable zone?
An area can support life and allow life to exist.
50. For life to exist on a planet there must be liquid ________ in addition to Nitrogen and
________ as atmospheric gases. Water; Oxygen
51. Lack of gravity has a (positive OR negative) effect on the muscles of astronauts. Explain.
NEGATIVE, a prolonged exposure to lack of gravity causes astronauts to lose bone density
and muscle (muscular atrophy).
ESSAY:
The multiple choice portion is worth 80% of your final exam grade and the essay is worth 20% of the
final exam grade. There will be one essay on the exam and it can be over any of the above topics.