Surgical propedeutics exam questions
1.
Urinary stasis (symptoms, etiology, treatment). Anuria, oliguria.
2.
Defecation, enema (indications, technique of introduction, complications)
3.
Congelation, algidity (first aid, management).
4.
Physical examination of locomotor apparatus.
5.
Preparation of the operative field (desinfection, surgical draping). Preparation of the surgeon.
6.
Criteria of clinical and biological death, and brain death.
7.
Sterilization – definition, methods.
8.
Gastrostomy, jejuno-stomy (definition, indications, management, complications).
9.
Surgery- definition, content, history, development.
10. Basic surgical procedures, brief description (bloody- bloodless, radical- palliative, puncture of body cavitites).
11. Principles of asepsis and antisepsis, definition, history. Antisepsis, antiseptic solutions.
12. Hygienic regime at the surgical department and in the operation rooms.
13. Cardiopulmocerebral resuscitation (indications, techniques).
14. Local anesthesia (types, indications, techniques, complications).
15. Disorders of consciousness, diff.dg., managment of the unconscious patient.
16. General anesthesia (premedication, induction, types, complications).
17. The recovery unit, surgical intensive care unit. Case history, medical record, ICU record.
18. Systematic response to injury (neuro-endocrinologic, metabolic).
19. Catheterization of urinary bladder. Gastric and duodenal tubes.
20. Tromboembolic disease (prevention, diagnosis, treatment).
21. Erysipelas, erysipeloid. Hidrosadenitis. Lymphangoitis, lymphadenitis.
22. Nosocomial infections, surgical wounds infections (symptoms, prevention, treatment).
23. Sepsis, bacteremia, SIRS.
24. Initial management of the acutely injured patient; lay, premedical, medical first aid. Transportation. Craniocerebral injury, vertebral
and spinal cord injury (initial care, principles of treatment).
25. Polytrauma.
26. Life- threatening conditions in surgical patients.
27. Immobilization of the fractures- temporary, final. Skeletal traction (types, indications, managment, complications).
28. Tendon injury, diagnosis and treatment.
29. Colostomy, ileostomy (indications, management, complications).
30. Vascular injury (first, aid, diagnosis, treatment).
31. Drowning. The resuscitation of near-drowning patient (pathogenesis, first aid).
32. Cardiovascular failure (causes, prevention, monitoring, treatment, management).
33. Crush syndrome. Blast syndrome. Compartment syndrome.
34. Infusion solutions, plasma expanders (general characteristics).
35. Techniques of intravenous therapy (venous access, solutions, complications).
36. Organ and tissue transplantation (definition, classification, transplant immunology, rejection).
37. Enteral and parenteral nutrition (characteristics, techniques, complications).
38. Ribcage fractures (first aid, diagnosis, basic principles of treatment, complications).
39. Wound healing. Factors affecting the healing (morphologic, chemical, physical). Types- per primam, per secundam, per terciam
intentionem.
40. Electrical injury (electric current, lightning strike injury).
41. Orotracheal intubation, coniotomy, tracheostomy (indications, techniques, management, complications).
42. Renal failure in surgery (etiology, diagnosis, treatment).
43. Amputations (indications, techniques, management).
44. Blood transfusions; techniques, principles, complications, treatment of complications. Autologous blood transfusion. Blood and
plasma derivatives, clinical use.
45. Wounds- classification, characteristics (first aid, management).
46. Hemodynamic monitoring, techniques, interpretation (CVP, diuresis, blood gases).
47. Air and fat embolism.
48. Hypovolemic shock (classification, causes, treatment).
49. Diabetes in surgery, surgical complications of diabetes.
50. Shock (etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, treatment).
51. Septic and toxic shock (pathophysiology, clinical signs, treatment).
52. Osteomyelitis.
53. Postoperative gastrointestinal complications (vomitus, acute gastric dilatation, paralytic ileus).
54. Pyogenic wound infection. Abscess, phlegmon.
55. Foliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle. Cheilitis.
56. Antibiotics and chemoterapeutics in surgery (indications, principles od preventive and therapeutic treatment).
57. Physiological principles of hemostasis. Hemostatic disorders in surgical patients.
58. Inflammatory diseases of hand and fingers (causes, diagnosis, treatment).
59. Gas gangrene, clostridial infections, clostridial myonecrosis,necrotising fascitiis. Tetanus, prevention in surgery.
60. Distorsion, luxation, contusion.
61. Tissue healing, local and systemic factors affecting healing (skin, fascia, muscle, nerve tissue, tendons, fractures).
62. Osteosynthesis (indications, basic methods).
63. Fractures (mechanism, classification, dislocations, treatment)..
64. Physiological urinary findings.
65. Respiratory insufficiency (parcial global, etiology).
66. The importance of fluid balance in health, during the disease (function of the third space). Homeostatic changes in surgical patients.
67. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic and imaging methods in injury (CNS, spinal cord, bones, body cavities).
68. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic and imaging methods in cardiovascular diseases.
69. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic and imaging methods in respiratory tract diseases.
70. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic and imaging methods in pancreas, liver and biliary tract disease.
71. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic and imaging methods in gastrointestinal tract diseases.
72. Electrolyte and water imbalance (acid base imbalance of surgical patients).
73. Preoperative management in acute surgical illness.
74. Preoperative management in elective surgery.
75. Indications for surgical treatment. Operation risk.
76. Closed craniocerebral injury (levels of unconsciousness, diagnosis, first aid, transportation, basic principles of treatment).
77. Closed thorax injury (pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, diagnosis, first aid, basic principles of
treatment).
78. Closed abdominal injury (consequences of injury, diagnostic process).
79. Trombophlebitis, phlebotrombosis (definition, etiology, clinical feature).
80. Burns (pathophysiology, first aid, management). Principles of topical treatment. Burns shock, systemic changes (pathophysiology,
inhalation injury, fluid resuscitation, monitoring, treatment).
81. Hypoxemia and ischemia (definition, etiology, diagnosis).
82. Immediate postoperative care (transportation from OR, monitoring of vital functions. Risk factors determining postoperative
complications. Bedsores (decubital ulcers) – prevention, treatment.
83. Case history, bedside examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis (clinical and laboratory examination, imaging methods).
84. Acute and chronic limb ischemia (symptoms, diagnosis, principles of treatment).
85. Tumors (benign and malign, TNM classification, grading, staging).
86. Acid-base balance in surgical patients (acidosis-alkalosis, respiratory-metabolic).
87. Diagnostic and therapeutic puncture of thorax and abdomen (indications, techniques, complicaions).
88. Bedsores (decubital ulcers), etiology, prevention, treatment.
89. Surgical infections (definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, basic principles of treatment). Bacteriological monitoring.
90. Basic surgical procedures and techniques, brief description.
91. Vulnus sclopetarium (pathophysiology, principles of treatment).
92. Miniinvasive surgery.
93. Donor and transplant program in surgery.
Otázky - p r a k t i c k á
č a s ť:
Capitium triangulare parvum
Stella dorsi
Capitium triangulare magnum
Stella pectoris
Suspenzorium mammae
Suspensorium mammae
Involucrum manus
Mitra Hippocratis, fascia capitis
Involucrum pedis
Capistrum duplex
Funda nasi
Monoculus
Funda mandibulae
Binoculus
Cingulum
Spica colli et capitis
Spica omae
Involutio digiti completa
Spica humeri
Involutio digiti incompleta
Dolabra currens ascendens, descendens
Involutio manus completa
Dolabra serpens
Involutio manus incompleta
Testudo cubiti inversa
Involutio hallucis completa
Dolabra reversa
Involutio pedis completa
Spica carpi
Involutio antebrachii
Spica manus
Involutio pedis et cruris completa
Chirotheca dimidia
Mitra
Chirotheca completa
Involutio manus
Spica coxae
Dolabra femoris
Testudo genus
Dolabra cruris
Involutio pedis
Spica pedis
Stapes
Spica hallucis