Mrs. O’Brien
EXAM REVIEW
SCIENCE 10F – 2015
Mrs. O’Brien
EXAM DAY: Tuesday June 16th 12:00 RED GYM
The following is an outline of topics you should review for the exam. The exam will
consist of multiple choice, labeling diagrams, fill in the blanks, true false, short and
long answer questions. This review is by no means ‘the exam’. Please refer back to
the notes, assignments, labs, tests, projects and quizzes to better prepare yourself!
Mrs. O’Brien
MAJOR TOPIC CHECKLIST – CHEMISTRY
Describe how historical ideas and models furthered our understanding of the nature of
matter.
Include: Greek ideas, alchemists, philosophers, chemists
Investigate the historical progression of the atomic model.
Include: Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, quantum model
Define element and identify symbols for the elements listed below.
Include: the first 18 elements, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, I, Ag, Sn, Au, W, Hg, Pb, U
Explain the atomic structure of an atom in terms of the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons, and explain how those numbers define atomic number and atomic mass.
Draw Bohr atomic models for the first 18 elements and group them according to the
number of outer shell electrons.
Investigate the development of the periodic table as a method of organizing elements.
Include: periods, families (groups)
Investigate the characteristic properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids and
classify elements according to these properties.
Examples: ductility, conductivity of heat and electricity, luster, reactivity
Relate the reactivity and stability of different families of elements to their atomic
structure.
Include: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases
Compare elements to compounds.
Include: atoms, molecules
Interpret chemical formulas of elements and compounds in terms of the number of
atoms of each element.
Examples: He, H2, O2, H2O, CO2, NH3
Differentiate between physical and chemical changes.
Know various indicators of chemical change.
Examples: color change, production of heat and / or light, production of a gas or
precipitate or new substance
Investigate technologies and natural phenomena that demonstrate chemical change in
everyday situations
Example: chemical change from food waste to nutrient rich worm castings
Mrs. O’Brien
CHEMISTRY – REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHMIS & SAFETY
1. Explain what each of the following WHMIS symbols means.
2. How does one test for chemical smells in a test tube or beaker?
Trends on the periodic table
1. Examine a blank copy of the periodic table (extras will be provided in class).
Label the groups, families and periods.
2. What do the numbers above the groups and the numbers beside the
periods represent?
3. Which group is considered the most ‘reactive’ and why?
4. Which group on the periodic table is the least reactive and why?
5. Which group is Sodium found in?
6. Label the following on your periodic table: Hydrogen, Alkali Metals, Alkaline
Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases
7. State the reactivity of the following groups: Hydrogen, Alkali Metals,
Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases
Bohr Diagrams:
1. Where are neutrons, protons and electrons found in the atom?
2. State the maximum number of electrons found in the first three valence
shells.
3. Explain what it means to be an ION.
4. Prepare a Bohr ION diagram for the following: Na+ and O25. Prepare a Bohr diagram showing the ionic bonding between sodium and
chlorine. Be sure to include the charge on the ions.
Mrs. O’Brien
6. Draw a Bohr diagram of each of the following atoms. Use information
provided to help you. Be sure to write the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons for each beside your model.
(a.)
8
O
Oxygen
15.9
(b.)
18
Ar
Argon
39.9
Atomic Mass & Atomic Number:
1. An unknown element has 12 neutrons and 13 protons. What would its
atomic mass be?
2. An unknown element has an atomic mass of 14 and 5 electrons. How many
neutrons does it have?
Combining Capacity:
1. Using a periodic table, give the combining capacity of elements from the
following families (groups): The Alkali metals, the Alkaline Earth Metals, the
Halogens, the Noble Gases.
Mrs. O’Brien
Chemical Formulas:
1. What information does a chemical formula tell you?
2. State the number of atoms for each of the following chemical formulas:
a. NaCl
b. H2O
c. C6H12O6
3. A certain chemical compound contains one atom of hydrogen, one atom of
carbon and three atoms of oxygen. Write its chemical formula.
4. Complete the following table:
Element
Symbol
Atomic
number
Atomic
Mass
# protons
# electrons
#neutrons
7
7
20
Sodium
10
11
12
5. Complete the following table:
ION
K+
Ca2+
N3Al3+
PROTONS
ELECTRONS
Mrs. O’Brien
Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds
6. Explain the difference between and ionic and a molecular compound (do
they share or swap electrons?). Provide an example of each.
Monomers & Polymers
7. Explain the difference between a monomer and a polymer.
8. Why do manufactures ‘cross link’ polymers? What does it mean to ‘cross
link’ a polymer?
9. Provide three examples of polymers.
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
10.Go over the handout ‘Chemical vs. Physical change’. Extra copies will be
provided in class.
11.List some of the indicators of a chemical change.
Mrs. O’Brien
MAJOR TOPIC CHECKLIST – ASTRONOMY
Describe how various cultures used knowledge of the position and motion of visible
celestial objects for navigation.
Explain the different historical perspectives on the relationship between Earth and
space.
Include: geocentric model, heliocentric model
Explain reasons for the apparent motion of the Sun, stars, planets, and the Moon as seen
from Earth.
Include: daily rising and setting, seasonal constellations, retrograde motion
Be able to define astronomical unit and light year.
Describe/explain the major components of the universe.
Include: planets, moons, comets and asteroids, nebulae, stars, galaxies, black holes
Explain how various technologies have extended our ability to explore and understand
space (Astronomy Project – Know your topic).
Examples: robotics, Canadarm, Hubble telescope, Lunar Rover, shuttle, space station,
Sojourner Rover, International Space Station, SETI, remote sensing, predictions of
catastrophic impacts, colonization of space, Pathfinder and Galileo space probes
REVIEW QUESTIONS - ASTRONOMY
1. Why was knowledge of celestial motion important to our early ancestors?
2. What is a celestial body?
3. Describe the pattern of motion of the Sun, Moon, and stars as seen by an
observer on Earth.
4. Describe the main differences between the Earth-centered (Geocentric)
model of the universe and the Sun-centered (Heliocentric) model.
5. Explain the meaning of “retrograde motion”. List the ‘wanderers’ of the
night sky.
6. Name the Gas giants.
7. Describe the difference between the each of the following: asteroids,
comets, and meteors.
8. What is a nebula – what is it made of, how it is the birth place of stars
Mrs. O’Brien
***IMPORTANT DIAGRAM***
Be prepared to include this when answering questions
9. Explain the difference between orbit and rotation as it relates to the Earth’s
motion. Explain what causes seasonal changes and changes in daylight
time.
10.How does the amount of sunlight we receive in the Northern hemisphere
compare to the amount of sunlight received in the Southern hemisphere in
the summer vs. winter?
11.Define Solstice and Equinox.
12.Why can’t we see all of the constellations from Winnipeg?
13.Identify the characteristics of the three main types of galaxies.
14.Define the following terms: astronomical units and light-year.
15.Explain the various functions of an astrolabe.
16.Define: Altitude, Azimuth, Zenith.
Mrs. O’Brien
MAJOR TOPIC CHECKLIST– REPRODUCTION
Explain the process of mitosis in plant and animal cells
Include: stages of cell division (IPMAT), cytokenisis, cell cycle
Explain the reasons for cell division in plant and animal cells
Include: growth, repair, reproduction (plants)
Describe various types of asexual reproduction that occur in plants and animals
Examples: fission, budding, spore formation, fragmentation
Describe agricultural applications of asexual reproduction.
Examples: cloning, cuttings, grafting, bulbs/ tubers, layering
Explain the process of producing gametes through meiosis.
Include: sperm and egg production
Compare and contrast the functions of mitosis to that of meiosis.
Include: diploid cells/haploid cells, number of cells created, number of chromosomes in
each cell, number of divisions etc.
Compare sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of their advantages and
disadvantages for plant and animal species.
Investigate and explain adaptations of plant and animal species that enhance
reproductive success.
Examples: appearance, behavior, number of gametes or offspring, chemical cues
Project: butterfly project
Describe the function of the male and female human reproductive systems.
Include: role of hormones, labeling various parts, function of each part,
Outline human development from conception through birth.
Include: X and Y chromosomes, zygote, embryo, fetus, 1st 2nd 3rd trimester, 3 stages of
birth, risk factors during pregnancy
Explain the difference between dominant and recessive genes.
Include: genotype, phenotype, genotypic ratio, phenotypic ratio, homozygous recessive,
homozygous dominant, heterozygous, hybrid, purebred etc.
Describe the difference between DNA, chromosomes and genes
Explain the inheritance of sex-linked traits in humans and use a pedigree to track the
inheritance of a sex linked trait. Examples: color blindness, hemophilia
Include: symbols for pedigree, genotypes for sex linked traits, male vs. female sex
chromosomes.
Describe environmental factors and personal choices that may lead to a genetic
mutation or changes in an organism's development.
Examples: fetal exposure to alcohol
Mrs. O’Brien
REVIEW QUESTIONS - REPRODUCTION
Genetics & Heredity
1. Define the following: DNA, chromosome, gene, phenotype, genotype,
dominant allele, recessive allele, sex linked trait, pedigree, karyotype.
2. A man who is heterozygous for brown eyes has a child with a woman who is
homozygous recessive for blue eyes.
a. Create a punnett square to predict the genotypes of their offspring.
b. State the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of their offspring.
3. A man and a woman who are both heterozygous for widow’s peak have a
child.
a. Create a punnett square to predict the genotypes of their offspring.
b. State the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of their offspring.
4. Examine the karyotype below and determine whether the individual is a
boy or girl.
5. Create a pedigree using the following information (remember to shade the
recessive trait - color blindness). A color blind man marries a woman with
normal vision. They have three children. The first child is a boy with normal
vision. Their second child is a girl who is color blind. Their third child is a boy
with normal vision. Their first child marries a woman with color blindness.
6. State the genotype for the sex chromosomes in a man vs. a woman.
7. Provide two examples of sex linked traits. Explain why sex linked traits are
found more often in men than in women.
8. State the difference between an “Autosome” and a “Sex Chromosome”.
Then LIST the number of autosomes and sex chromosomes a human cell
has.
Mrs. O’Brien
Asexual & Sexual Reproduction (Mitosis & Meiosis)
1. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis by completing the table below,
be prepared to fill out a similar table on the exam:
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
Occurs in asexual reproduction
Occurs in sexual reproduction
Results in four haploid cells
Results in two diploid cells
Is used to generate regular human cells
(tissues, bones etc.)
Is used to generate sperm and eggs
Creates cells that are genetically
IDENTICAL to the parent cell
Creates cells that are genetically
different than the parent cells
Occurs in the gonads
Crossing over occurs in prophase I
2. Explain what asexual reproduction is. Does it use mitosis or meiosis?
Provide an example of asexual reproduction and how it works.
3. Define gonads and gamete. Then state where gametes are produced in
males and females. Is this done through mitosis or meiosis?
4. Sate the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.
5. Define the following: budding, spore formation, fragmentation, layering,
grafting, cuttings, binary fission.
Reproduction & Development
1. Define: gestation period, embryo, fetus, oxytocin, zygote, mitosis, meiosis,
puberty
2. Explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Mrs. O’Brien
3. State the main functions of the following hormones: FSH, LH, Estrogen,
Testosterone, Progesterone.
4. Explain the difference between primary and secondary sexual
characteristics . State several primary and secondary characteristics in
males and females.
5. What is the menstrual cycle and why is it important for reproduction?
6. State the functions of the placenta and umbilical cord in the development
of a fetus.
7. State and explain the 3 birth stages.
8. Why is alcohol so dangerous to consume during pregnancy?
9. What is thalidomide and why is it dangerous to a developing fetus?
10.Label the male and female reproductive anatomy and state the role of each
part.
Mrs. O’Brien
MAJOR TOPIC CHECKLIST – ELECTRICITY
Explain various electrostatic scenarios discussed in class by showing the movement of
negative charges in an object (go over the various statics labs we did in class: magic
wand, balloons, bending water, electroscope, pith ball etc.)
Include: conservation of charge, conduction, grounding, attraction of a neutral insulator,
induction
Define electric current as charge per unit time and solve related problems.
Include: I=Q/t
Define voltage (electric potential difference) as the energy per unit charge between two
points along a conductor and solve related problems.
Include: V=E/Q
Describe resistance in terms of the particle model of electricity.
Construct electric circuits using schematic diagrams.
Include: series, parallel
Compare and contrast voltage and current in series and parallel circuits.
Include: cells, resistance
Investigate and describe the relationship among current, voltage (electric potential
difference), and resistance in a simple electric circuit.
Relate the energy dissipated in a circuit to the resistance, current, and brightness of
bulbs.
Mrs. O’Brien
REVIEW QUESTIONS – ELECTRICITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain the law of attraction and repulsion.
Explain why a charged rod attracts a neutral object.
State the difference between induction and conduction.
Be able to diagram and explain various electrostatic scenarios from the labs
we completed in class. Draw the charges in the following scenarios 
Problem 1: Draw where the negative and positive charges will move when a
negative rod is brought near a neutral pith ball.
Problem 2: Show the movement of charge when a positive rod is brought near
an electroscope. What would happen if the rod were to touch the electroscope?
Electrical Circuits
5. Define : voltage, resistance, current, ammeter, voltmeter, resistance,
charge, circuits, load
6. Provide an example of a resistor.
7. State the four factors that impact resistance.
8. In each diagram there is an identical battery, bulb and switch. In which will
the light bulb light up when the circuit is closed?
9. Draw a circuit with three bulbs, a switch, and a battery. Construct your
circuit so that when the switch is open only two of the bulbs go out. The
third bulb should stay on regardless of whether the switch is open or
closed. Use the appropriate symbols.
Mrs. O’Brien
10.Explain the difference between series and parallel circuits. Be able to draw
series and parallel circuits.
11.Examine the four circuit diagrams shown below. Each diagram shows three
light bulbs connected in parallel. Each diagram has a switch in a different
location. Which circuit would be able to turn on or turn off all of the light
bulbs at the same time? Why?
Resistance & Current Calculations
12.Calculate the resistance in the following scenarios using the formula R=V/I:
a. Calculate the resistance of a heating coil of an electric heater if a
current of 12.5A runs through it when it is connected to 120V wall
outlet.
b. A light bulb passes a current of 0.83A when the potential difference
across the bulb is 120V. What is the electrical resistance of the bulb
in Ohms?
13.State the units used to measure charge, current, resistance and voltage.
14.Explain the difference between potential energy and potential difference.
15.List FOUR things that will change the resistance of a WIRE.
16.Be able to use the following equation to calculate current: I=Q/t
a. How long does it take 650 coulombs of charge to pass a specific spot
on a circuit if the current at that spot is 12.5 A?
Mrs. O’Brien
b. An ammeter reads 13.5A at a point in a circuit. If it takes 55 seconds
for a charge to passing that point in the circuit what is the charge
passing through that point?
Questions based on Projects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
List three MAJOR elements found in soil.
List a food source for three of the major elements.
How would you neutralize an acidic compost bin?
Describe sexual reproduction in worms.
Describe sexual reproduction in plants. Provide an example.
Describe the various types of asexual reproduction in plants (meristems,
cuttings, cloning, layering etc.)
7. Describe some strategies plants have for reproductive success (seed coat,
embryo etc.)
8. Describe how mitosis and meiosis is used in plants.
END OF REVIEW 