Name: ____________________________________
DNA and Protein Synthesis Study Guide
Part 1: DNA
1. Define the following:
DNA –
Nucleotide –
Genetic Code –
2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
-
3. For the picture on the right, complete the genetic code. Then
label phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nucleotide, hydrogen
bond, covalent bond, and sugar phosphate backbone.
4. Where do we find hydrogen bonds? Why is it important that the hydrogen bonds are located their?
5. What component of the DNA molecule (nitrogen base, sugar, or phosphate) allows variation within a
population? Explain.
6. Complete the complementary strand below:
C G A T T C C GA T A C G AA G
7. What 2 parts make up the backbone of the molecule? Why is it considered the backbone? What bonds hold
the backbone together?
8. If a sample of DNA is taken and contains 17% cytosine:
a. How much guanine is there?
b. Explain your answer for “a”.
c. How much adenine is there?
d. Explain your answer for “c”.
9. Which series is arranged in order from LARGEST to SMALLEST in size?
A. chromosome… nucleus… cell… DNA… nucleotide
B. cell… nucleus… chromosome… DNA… nucleotide
C. nucleotide… chromosome… cell… DNA… nucleus
D. cell… nucleotide… nucleus… DNA… chromosome
Part 2: Protein Synthesis
1. Put the following steps of transcription in the correct order from 1 (first) to 4 (last):
________
________
________
________
DNA is unzipped by the Helicase
mRNA strand is made
mRNA leaves the nucleus
RNA Polymerase connects to the DNA strand
2. Where does transcription occur in the cell? ____________________
3. If the DNA strand reads AGGCATTACT, what would the mRNA strand read? ________________________
4. What process is being show in the image below? ________________________________________________
5. On the image to the right, label the following:
1. DNA Template Strand
2. Non-Template Strand
3. RNA Polymerase
4. mRNA Strand
6. What is the difference between the DNA template strand and DNA non-template strand?
7. What is the product (made) in transcription? ______________________
8. What is the purpose of transcription?
9. Where does translation occur in the cell? (There are two places) _________________________________
10. Place the following statements in order from 1 (first) to 4 (last).
________ The ribosome moves to the next codon
________ The tRNA binds to the start codon
________ The ribosome attaches to the start codon
________ The tRNA binds a specific amino acid
11. If one codon read UAC, what would the anti-codon read? ____________
12. What process is being shown in the image below? ______________________________________________
13. On the image to the right, match the item to the letter on the diagram:
_______ Amino Acid Chain
_______ Ribosome
_______ Anti-codon
_______ Start codon
_______ A single amino acid
_______ mRNA strand
_______ Stop codon
_______ tRNA molecule
14. What is the product (made) in translation? ___________________________________
15. Based on your answer to #14, what is the importance of this? What does it do?
16. Fill in the chart below comparing transcription and translation
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
1. Location(s) in the Cell
2. Is DNA directly involved (yes
or no)
3. Type(s) of RNA used
4. What are the bases that pair
together?
5. What is the final product
(made)?
17. Given the information below, figure out the missing information for each molecule. (work up/down, not
left/right)
MOLECULE #1
DNA STRAND
MOLECULE #2
GATTAC
mRNA STRAND
ANTICODONS
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
(USE CHART ON NEXT PAGE)
18. What is the start codon?
19. What is the amino acid for the start codon?
20. What are the three stop codons?
CGAUUG
21. Explain the 3 types of point/substitution mutations:
a.
b.
c.
22. Explain the 2 types of framshift mutations:
a.
b.
23. Place an “X” in the boxes that make each statement true. Some descriptions may have more than 1 “X”.
DNA
Used in transcription
Used in translation
Contains anticodons
Contains codons
Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds here
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
Make up the ribosome
Can be found only in the nucleus
Can be found at the ribosome at some
time or another
24. Define Gene Expression.
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
25.
Using the picture above, explain which genes would be turned on and off in each cell and why.
26. Explain how you would be able to determine if a given cell was a muscle cell based on what proteins were
present.