A&P II Exam 4
Russo
Name__________________________________________________
Match the following:
A) Peristalsis
B) Absorption
C) Digestion
D) Hydrolysis
1) Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary
tube.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 853
2) Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be
absorbed.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 853
3) Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 895
4) Process by which the products of digestion pass through the lumen of the
gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 854
Answers: 1) A 2) C 3) D 4) B
True/False Questions
5) Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is
completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 853-854
6) As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less complex and the nutrients
are more readily available to the body.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 853
7) The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to
spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 878
8) Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in
the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 870
9) Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and
worn-out cells.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 881
10) The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by
the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 853, 864
Multiple-Choice Questions
11) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located
________.
A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
B) in the walls of the tract organs
C) in the pons and medulla
D) only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to
accommodate food passage
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 854
12) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.
A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
C) distribute hormones
D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 881
13) The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.
A) digestion
B) absorption
C) ingestion
D) secretion
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 852-853
14) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they
must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of
reactions is called ________.
A) absorption
B) secretion
C) chemical digestion
D) mechanical digestion
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 854
15) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called
________.
A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria
C) serosal lining
D) mucosal lining
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 855
16) Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.
A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.
B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.
C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.
D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 884
17) The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the
surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?
A) plicae circulares and intestinal villi
B) the vast array of digestive enzymes
C) Brunner's glands
D) the rugae
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 878
Matching Questions
Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
18) Glomerulus.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a
19) Afferent arteriole.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a
20) Collecting duct.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a
21) Loop of Henle.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a
22) Peritubular capillaries.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 964; Fig. 25.7a
23) Medulla of the kidney.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.7a
Match the following:
A) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.
B) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.
C) Site of filtrate formation.
D) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
24) Proximal convoluted tubule.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 966, 974
25) Glomerulus.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 969
26) Peritubular capillaries.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 968
27) Collecting duct.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 966
Answers: 24) A 25) C 26) B 27) D
True/False Questions
28) If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal
tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 972
29) The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is
described by the term retroperitoneal.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 961
30) The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 964
31) Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 969
Multiple Choice
32) Urine passes through the ________.
A) renal hilum to the bladder to the ureter
B) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
C) glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule
D) hilum to urethra to bladder
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 962
33) Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
A) a podocyte
B) a vasa recta
C) a fenestrated capillary
D) an efferent arteriole
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 964-968
34) The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.
A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
B) when the pH of the urine decreases
C) by a decrease in the blood pressure
D) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 971-974
35) Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?
A) helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of
blood
B) regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones
C) maintains blood osmolarity
D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 960-961
36) Which gland sits atop each kidney?
A) adrenal
B) thymus
C) pituitary
D) pancreas
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 961
37) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary
canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 856-857
38) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?
A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus
B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
D) rennin
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 870
Matching Questions
Figure 27.1
Using Figure 27.1, match the following:
39) Stem cell.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1036; Fig. 27.7
40) First cells with n number of chromosomes.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1036; Fig. 27.7
41) Type B spermatogonia.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1036; Fig. 27.7
42) Early spermatids.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1036; Fig. 27.7
43) Primary spermatocyte.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1036; Fig. 27.7
T/F
44) The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is
essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1049
45) Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1033
46) Failure to attain erection is called impotence.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1032
47) The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1052
Multiple Choice
48) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary
gonadotropins?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) testosterone
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1038-1039
49) In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may
lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
A) dizygotic
B) identical
C) fraternal
D) of different sexes
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1052
50) Effects of estrogen include ________.
A) increased oiliness of the skin
B) deepening of the voice
C) growth of the breasts at puberty
D) growth of the larynx
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 1056; Tbl. 27.1
Xtra Credit (2 points each)
1) Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
A) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
B) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone.
C) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary.
D) The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in
testosterone control.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1039
2) Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.
A) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
C) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation.
D) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 1052-1054
3) The filtration membrane includes all except ________.
A) glomerular endothelium
B) podocytes
C) renal fascia
D) basement membrane
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 969
4) The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does
not contain a significant amount of ________.
A) glucose
B) hormones
C) electrolytes
D) plasma protein
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 969, 971