Atmosphere &Climate Change, Ch.13 Notes
Climate & Climate Change, Section 1
Weather and Climate
Weather:
Climate:
What Factors Determine Climate?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The most important of the factors that determine climate is distance from the equator, called:
Latitude:
Latitude strongly influences climate because
Low Latitudes:
High Latitudes:
Atmospheric Circulation:
Three important properties of air show how air circulation affects climate:
1.
2.
3.
Atmospheric Circulation:
Winds that
Trade winds:
Westerlies:
Polar Easterlies:
Oceanic Circulation Patterns:
Ocean currents have a great effect on climate because water holds large amounts of heat.
Surface currents that change their pattern of circulation over time:
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
El Nino and La Nina are opposite phases of the:
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a
PDO influences the climate in the northern Pacific Ocean and North America.
It affects
Other influences on Earth’s climate:
1.
2.
3.
What causes Seasons?
Because of this tilt, the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the Earth changes as the Earth
moves around the sun.
The Ozone Shield, Section 2
Ozone
Chemicals that cause Ozone Depletion:
Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs):
The Ozone Hole
Damaging Effects of UV Light:
Humans:
Amphibians:
Marine Life:
Land Plants:
Protecting the Ozone Layer
Montreal Protocol
Global Warming, Section 3
The Greenhouse Effect: (what is it?)
Greenhouse Gases: (What are they and name them)
Measuring Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere (make 3 points):
Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels (make 3 points):
Greenhouse Gases & the Earth’s Temperature (make 3 points):
How certain is Global Warming?
Global Warming: (what is it?)
Consequences of a Warmer Earth: (make 2 points about each)
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels:
Global Weather Patterns:
Human Health Problems:
Agriculture:
Effects on Plants and Animals:
Reducing the Risk: (make 3 points)
Kyoto Protocol: (what is it?)