Appendix
(Fig 1) Identification and Classification Guide:
Local name:
Shyou
Scientific name:
Hopleryhtrinus unitaeniatus
Erythrinus erythrinus
Freshwater pelargic species. Is a predaceous omnivore of open waters.
Feeds on aquatic invertebrates and to lesser degree, on fish.
Not evaluated. Important in fisheries and aquariums.
Ecology:
Status / Importance:
Local name:
Carachama
Scientific name:
Status / Importance:
Liposarcus pardalis (Common Pleco)
Pseudorinelepis genibarbis
Pterygoplichthys pardalis
Ancistrus heterorhynchus
demersal; freshwater; pH range: 7.00 - 7.50; dH range: 10.0 - 20.0.
Facultative air breather.Lower, middle and upper Amazon River basin.
Introduced to countries outside its native range.
River basin. Bottom feeder (debris).
Not evaluated. Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
Local name:
Curuhuara
Scientific name:
colossoma macropomum
Ecology:
Benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 5.0 - 7.8; dH range: ? - 20; depth
range 5 - ? m This species is usually solitary. Adults stay in flooded
forests during first 5 months of flooding. They concentrate of
allochthonous fruits during the flood in the Amazon switch to
autochthonous planktonic Crustacea at low waters. Young and juveniles
live in black waters of flood plains until their sexual maturity. Feeds on
zooplankton, insects, snails and decaying plants.
Not evaluated.
Ecology:
Status / Importance:
48
Local name:
Bujurqui
Aequidens tetramerus
Chaetobrachus flavescens
Cichlasoma amazonarum
benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 6.00 - 7.00; dH range: 15.0. Occurs
Ecology:
in coastal swamps and flooded grounds. South America: Amazon River
basin, from the Ucayali, Huallaga, Amazon and Yavarí River drainages in
Peru. Omnivorous.
Status /Importance: Not evaluated. fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
Scientific name:
Local name:
Lisa
Scientific name:
Schizodon fasciatus
Ecology:
Status / Importance:
Benthopelagic; potamodromous freshwater; pH range: 5.5 - 7.5; dH
range: ? – 25. Is a strict herbivore which feeds on plant debris, leaves
and algae but is reported as an omnivore in. The males are mature at
18 cm and the females at 22 cm. In the Amazon, this genus are
gregarious and undergo migration
Not evaluated. fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Local name:
Fasaco
Scientific name:
Hoplias malabaricus
Ecology:
Fish eater
Status / Importance:
Not evaluated. fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
49
Local name:
Sábalo Cola negra / Roja
Scientific name:
Brycon melanopterus
Brycon cephalus
Benthopelagic; potamodromous freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; dH
range: ? – 20. South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Peru and
Bolivia.
Not evaluated. aquarium: commercial
Ecology:
Status / Importance:
Local name:
Piraña blanca / roja
Scientific name:
Status / Importance:
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Pygocentrus nattereri
Pelagic; freshwater; pH range: 5.5 - 7.5; dH range: ? – 20. Common in
creeks and interconnected ponds. influences distribution and feeding of
other fish and in areas of high primary production in Rio Machado and
Rio Negro. Adults feed mainly at dusk and dawn. Piranhas feed on
small fish, crabs, mammals, lizards and coleopteran insects, but certain
piranha species also consume large quantities of seeds. Piranhas will
also attack and consume much larger fish if the latter are held captive in
nets. Teeth replacement on alternating sides of jaw allows continuous
feeding. Has a highly evolved auditory capacity and a 'lurking', then
'dashing' behaviour during daytime. Shows hierarchies within small
schools.
Not evaluated. fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Local name:
Boquichico
Scientific name:
Prochilodus nigricans
Ecology:
Benthopelagic; potamodromous.
Status / Importance:
Not evaluated. Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial;
aquarium: commercial
Ecology:
50
Local name:
Sardinia
Scientific name:
Triportheus angulatus
Ecology:
Benthopelagic; potamodromous. freshwater; pH range: 5.0 - 9.0; depth
range 0 - 5 m. Occurs over sandy bottoms in rivers. Usually forms
schools. Mainly diurnal. Feeds on the fruits and seeds of Moraceae,
Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae; Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and on
plankton, nekton, and crustaceans.
Not evaluated. Fisheries: subsistence fisheries; bait: occasionally
Status / Importance:
51