Appendix S1. Highly-cited literature reviewed for each theme across physical, chemical, and
biological disciplines.
Benthic communities
Coral reef
Alvarez-Filip L, Dulvy NK, Gill JA, Côté IM, Watkinson AR (2009) Flattening of Caribbean
coral reefs: region-wide declines in architectural complexity. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences,276, 3019-3025.
Anthony KRN, Kline DI, Diaz-Pulido G, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2008) Ocean acidification
causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences,105, 17442-17446.
Bruno JF, Selig ER, Casey KS et al. (2007) Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral
disease outbreaks. PLoS Biology,5, 1220-1227.
Cantin NE, Cohen AL, Karnauskas KB, Tarrant AM, Mccorkle DC (2010) Ocean warming
slows coral growth in the central Red Sea. Science,329, 322-325.
Carpenter KE, Abrar M, Aeby G et al. (2008) One-third of reef-building corals face elevated
extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science,321, 560-563.
Cohen AL, Mccorkle DC, De Putron S, Gaetani GA, Rose KA (2009) Morphological and
compositional changes in the skeletons of new coral recruits reared in acidified seawater:
Insights into the biomineralization response to ocean acidification. Geochemistry,
Geophysics, Geosystems,10.
Cooper TF, De'ath G, Fabricius KE, Lough JM (2008) Declining coral calcification in massive
Porites in two nearshore regions of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Global Change
Biology,14, 529-538.
De'ath G, Fabricius KE, Sweatman H, Puotinen M (2012) From the Cover: The 27-year decline
of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences,109, 17995-17999.
De'ath G, Lough JM, Fabricius KE (2009) Declining coral calcification on the Great Barrier
Reef. Science,323, 116-119.
Diaz-Pulido G, Anthony KRN, Kline DI, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2012) Interactions
between ocean acidification and warming on the mortality and dissolution of coralline
algae. Journal of Phycology,48, 32-39.
Diaz-Pulido G, Gouezo M, Tilbrook B, Dove S, Anthony KRN (2011) High CO 2 enhances the
competitive strength of seaweeds over corals. Ecology Letters,14, 156-162.
Donner SD, Knutson TR, Oppenheimer M (2007) Model-based assessment of the role of humaninduced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences,104, 5483-5488.
Doropoulos C, Ward S, Diaz-Pulido G, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ (2012) Ocean
acidification reduces coral recruitment by disrupting intimate larval-algal settlement
interactions. Ecology Letters,15, 338-346.
Eakin CM, Morgan JA, Heron SF et al. (2010) Caribbean corals in crisis: Record thermal stress,
bleaching, and mortality in 2005. Plos One,5.
Fabricius KE, Langdon C, Uthicke S et al. (2011) Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized
to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change,1, 165-169.
1
Fine M, Tchernov D (2007) Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification.
Science,315, 1811-1811.
Form AU, Riebesell U (2012) Acclimation to ocean acidification during long-term CO 2
exposure in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Global Change Biology,18, 843-853.
Hendriks IE, Duarte CM, Álvarez M (2010) Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean
acidification: A meta-analysis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,86, 157-164.
Jones AM, Berkelmans R, Van Oppen MJH, Mieog JC, Sinclair W (2008) A community change
in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event:
field evidence of acclimatization. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences,275, 1359-1365.
Kroeker KJ, Kordas RL, Crim RN, Singh GG (2010) Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable
effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Ecology Letters,13, 1419-1434.
Mcclanahan TR, Ateweberhan M, Graham NaJ, Wilson SK, Ruiz Sebastiàn C, Guillaume
MMM, Bruggemann JH (2007a) Western Indian Ocean coral communities:bleaching
responses and susceptibility to extinction. Marine Ecology Progress Series,337, 1-13.
Mcclanahan TR, Ateweberhan M, Muhando C, Maina J, Mohammed SM (2007b) Effects of
climate change and seawater temperature variation on coral bleaching and mortality.
Ecological Monographs,77, 503-525.
Mcculloch M, Falter J, Trotter J, Montagna P (2012) Coral resilience to ocean acidification and
global warming through pH up-regulation. Nature Climate Change,2, 623-627.
Mora C (2008) A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,275, 767-773.
Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Houlbrèque F, Tambutté É et al. (2011) Coral and mollusc resistance to
ocean acidification adversely affected by warming. Nature Climate Change,1, 308-312.
Silverman J, Lazar B, Cao L, Caldeira K, Erez J (2009) Coral reefs may start dissolving when
atmospheric CO2 doubles. Geophysical Research Letters,36, 1-5.
Venn A, Tambutté E, Holcomb M, Allemand D, Tambutté S (2011) Live tissue imaging shows
reef corals elevate pH under their calcifying tissue relative to seawater. Plos One,6.
Webb AP, Kench PS (2010) The dynamic response of reef islands to sea-level rise: Evidence
from multi-decadal analysis of island change in the Central Pacific. Global and Planetary
Change,72, 234-246.
Wooldridge SA, Done TJ (2009) Improved water quality can ameliorate effects of climate
change on corals. Ecological applications,19, 1492-1499.
Yamano H, Sugihara K, Nomura K (2011) Rapid poleward range expansion of tropical reef
corals in response to rising sea surface temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters,38.
Kelp forest
Byrnes JE, Reed DC, Cardinale BJ, Cavanaugh KC, Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ (2011) Climatedriven increases in storm frequency simplify kelp forest food webs. Global Change
Biology,17, 2513-2524.
Campbell AH, Harder T, Nielsen S, Kjelleberg S, Steinberg PD (2011) Climate change and
disease: Bleaching of a chemically defended seaweed. Global Change Biology,17, 29582970.
2
Connell SD, Russell BD (2010) The direct effects of increasing CO2 and temperature on noncalcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests. Proceedings
of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,277, 1409-1415.
Díez I, Muguerza N, Santolaria A, Ganzedo U, Gorostiaga JM (2012) Seaweed assemblage
changes in the eastern Cantabrian Sea and their potential relationship to climate change.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,99, 108-120.
Falkenberg LJ, Russell BD, Connell SD (2012) Stability of strong species interactions resist the
synergistic effects of local and global pollution in kelp forests. Plos One,7.
Falkenberg LJ, Russell BD, Connell SD (2013) Contrasting resource limitations of marine
primary producers: Implications for competitive interactions under enriched CO2 and
nutrient regimes. Oecologia,172, 575-583.
Fraser CI, Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009) Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic
sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,106, 3249-3253.
Graham MH, Kinlan BP, Grosberg RK (2010) Post-glacial redistribution and shifts in
productivity of giant kelp forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences,277, 399-406.
Halpern BS, Cottenie K (2007) Little evidence for climate effects on local-scale structure and
dynamics of California kelp forest communities. Global Change Biology,13, 236-251.
Johnson CR, Banks SC, Barrett NS et al. (2011) Climate change cascades: Shifts in
oceanography, species' ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern
Tasmania. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,400, 17-32.
Ladah LB, Zertuche-González JA (2007) Survival of microscopic stages of a perennial kelp
(Macrocystis pyrifera) from the center and the southern extreme of its range in the
Northern Hemisphere after exposure to simulated El Niño stress. Marine Biology,152,
677-686.
Ling SD, Johnson CR, Frusher SD, Ridgway KR (2009) Overfishing reduces resilience of kelp
beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,106, 22341-22345.
Matson PG, Edwards MS (2007) Effects of ocean temperature on the southern range limits of
two understory kelps, Pterygophora californica and Eisenia arborea, at multiple lifestages. Marine Biology,151, 1941-1949.
Müller R, Wiencke C, Bischof K (2008) Interactive effects of UV radiation and temperature on
microstages of Laminariales (Phaeophyceae) from the Arctic and North Sea. Climate
Research,37, 203-213.
Parnell PE, Miller EF, Lennert-Cody CE, Dayton PK, Carter ML, Stebbins TD (2010) The
response of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in southern California to low-frequency
climate forcing. Limnology and Oceanography,55, 2686-2702.
Pehlke C, Bartsch I (2008) Changes in depth distribution and biomass of sublittoral seaweeds at
Helgoland (North Sea) between 1970 and 2005. Climate Research,37, 135-147.
Roleda MY, Morris JN, Mcgraw CM, Hurd CL (2012) Ocean acidification and seaweed
reproduction: Increased CO 2 ameliorates the negative effect of lowered pH on
meiospore germination in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales,
Phaeophyceae). Global Change Biology,18, 854-864.
3
Rothäusler E, Gómez I, Hinojosa IA, Karsten U, Tala F, Thiel M (2009) Effect of temperature
and grazing on growth and reproduction of floating Macrocystis spp. (phaeophyceae)
along a latitudinal gradient. Journal of Phycology,45, 547-559.
Russell BD, Passarelli CA, Connell SD (2011) Forecasted Co 2 modifies the influence of light in
shaping subtidal habitat. Journal of Phycology,47, 744-752.
Russell BD, Thompson J-aI, Falkenberg LJ, Connell SD (2009) Synergistic effects of climate
change and local stressors: CO2 and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats.
Global Change Biology,15, 2153-2162.
Saunders MI, Metaxas A, Filgueira R (2010) Implications of warming temperatures for
population outbreaks of a nonindigenous species (Membranipora membranacea,
Bryozoa) in rocky subtidal ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography,55, 1627-1642.
Staehr PA, Wernberg T (2009) Physiological responses of ecklonia radiata (laminariales) to a
latitudinal gradient in ocean temperature. Journal of Phycology,45, 91-99.
Steinhoff FS, Wiencke C, Müller R, Bischof K (2008) Effects of ultraviolet radiation and
temperature on the ultrastructure of zoospores of the brown macroalga Laminaria
hyperborea. Plant Biology,10, 388-397.
Swanson AK, Fox CH (2007) Altered kelp (Laminariales) phlorotannins and growth under
elevated carbon dioxide and ultraviolet-B treatments can influence associated intertidal
food webs. Global Change Biology,13, 1696-1709.
Wernberg T, Goldberg N (2008) Short-term temporal dynamics of algal species in a subtidal
kelp bed in relation to changes in environmental conditions and canopy biomass.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,76, 265-272.
Wernberg T, Smale DA, Tuya F et al. (2012) An extreme climatic event alters marine ecosystem
structure in a global biodiversity hotspot. Nature Climate Change,5, 1-5.
Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Tuya F, Kendrick GA (2011) Biogenic habitat structure of seaweeds
change along a latitudinal gradient in ocean temperature. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology,400, 264-271.
Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Tuya F, Kendrick GA, Staehr PA, Toohey BD (2010) Decreasing
resilience of kelp beds along a latitudinal temperature gradient: Potential implications for
a warmer future. Ecology Letters,13, 685-694.
Mangroves
Barr JG, Fuentes JD, Engel V, Zieman JC (2009) Physiological responses of red mangroves to
the climate in the Florida Everglades. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Biogeosciences,114.
Comeaux RS, Allison MA, Bianchi TS (2012) Mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico with
climate change: Implications for wetland health and resistance to rising sea levels.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,96, 81-95.
Ellison J, Zouh I (2012) Vulnerability to Climate Change of Mangroves: Assessment from
Cameroon, Central Africa. Biology,1, 617-638.
Eslami-Andargoli L, Dale P, Sipe N, Chaseling J (2009) Mangrove expansion and rainfall
patterns in Moreton Bay, Southeast Queensland, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science,85, 292-298.
4
Gilman E, Ellison J, Coleman R (2007a) Assessment of mangrove response to projected relative
sea-level rise and recent historical reconstruction of shoreline position. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment,124, 105-130.
Gilman E, Ellison J, Sauni I, Tuaumu S (2007b) Trends in surface elevations of American Samoa
mangroves. Wetlands Ecology and Management,15, 391-404.
Krauss KW, Cahoon DR, Allen JA, Ewel KC, Lynch JC, Cormier N (2010) Surface elevation
change and susceptibility of different mangrove zones to sea-level rise on Pacific high
islands of Micronesia. Ecosystems,13, 129-143.
Krauss KW, From AS, Doyle TW, Barry MJ (2011) Sea-level rise and landscape change
influence mangrove encroachment onto marsh in the Ten Thousand Islands region of
Florida, USA. Journal of Coastal Conservation,15, 629-638.
Luo Z, Sun OJ, Wang E, Ren H, Xu H (2010) Modeling Productivity in Mangrove Forests as
Impacted by Effective Soil Water Availability and Its Sensitivity to Climate Change
Using Biome-BGC. Ecosystems,13, 949-965.
Mckee KL, Rooth JE (2008) Where temperate meets tropical: Multi-factorial effects of elevated
CO2, nitrogen enrichment, and competition on a mangrove-salt marsh community.
Global Change Biology,14, 971-984.
Méndez-Alonzo R, López-Portillo J, Rivera-Monroy VH (2008) Latitudinal variation in leaf and
tree traits of the mangrove avicennia germinans (avicenniaceae) in the central region of
the Gulf of Mexico. Biotropica,40, 449-456.
Ross MS, Ruiz PL, Sah JP, Hanan EJ (2009) Chilling damage in a changing climate in coastal
landscapes of the subtropical zone: A case study from south Florida. Global Change
Biology,15, 1817-1832.
Sanders CJ, Smoak JM, Naidu AS, Araripe DR, Sanders LM, Patchineelam SR (2010) Mangrove
forest sedimentation and its reference to sea level rise, Cananeia, Brazil. Environmental
Earth Sciences,60, 1291-1301.
Sanders CJ, Smoak JM, Naidu AS, Patchineelam SR (2008) Recent Sediment Accumulation in a
Mangrove Forest and Its Relevance to Local Sea-Level Rise (Ilha Grande, Brazil).
Journal of Coastal Research,242, 533-536.
Rocky/sandy bottom
Bibby R, Cleall-Harding P, Rundle S, Widdicombe S, Spicer J (2007) Ocean acidification
disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea. Biology Letters,3,
699-701.
Bibby R, Widdicombe S, Parry H, Spicer J, Pipe R (2008) Effects of ocean acidification on the
immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Aquatic Biology,2, 67-74.
Byrne M, Ho M, Selvakumaraswamy P, Nguyen HD, Dworjanyn SA, Davis AR (2009)
Temperature, but not pH, compromises sea urchin fertilization and early development
under near-future climate change scenarios. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences,276, 1883-1888.
Cummings V, Hewitt J, Van Rooyen A et al. (2011) Ocean acidification at high latitudes:
Potential effects on functioning of the antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica. Plos One,6.
Dickinson GH, Ivanina AV, Matoo OB et al. (2012) Interactive effects of salinity and elevated
CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Journal of Experimental
Biology,215, 29-43.
5
Gazeau F, Quiblier C, Jansen JM, Gattuso JP, Middelburg JJ, Heip CHR (2007) Impact of
elevated CO2 on shellfish calcification. Geophysical Research Letters,34, 1-5.
Hall-Spencer JM, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Martin S et al. (2008) Volcanic carbon dioxide vents
show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature,454, 96-99.
Hendriks IE, Duarte CM, Álvarez M (2010) Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean
acidification: A meta-analysis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,86, 157-164.
Hofmann LC, Yildiz G, Hanelt D, Bischof K (2012) Physiological responses of the calcifying
rhodophyte, Corallina officinalis (L.), to future CO2 levels. Marine Biology,159, 783792.
Johnson CR, Banks SC, Barrett NS et al. (2011) Climate change cascades: Shifts in
oceanography, species' ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern
Tasmania. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,400, 17-32.
Johnson VR, Russell BD, Fabricius KE, Brownlee C, Hall-Spencer JM (2012) Temperate and
tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO 2 gradients.
Global Change Biology,18, 2792-2803.
Kroeker KJ, Kordas RL, Crim RN, Singh GG (2010) Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable
effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Ecology Letters,13, 1419-1434.
Kuffner IB, Andersson AJ, Jokiel PL, Rodgers KUS, Mackenzie FT (2008) Decreased
abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience,1,
114-117.
Lima FP, Ribeiro PA, Queiroz N, Hawkins SJ, Santos AM (2007) Do distributional shifts of
northern and southern species of algae match the warming pattern? Global Change
Biology,13, 2592-2604.
Ling SD, Johnson CR, Ridgway K, Hobday AJ, Haddon M (2009) Climate-driven range
extension of a sea urchin: Inferring future trends by analysis of recent population
dynamics. Global Change Biology,15, 719-731.
Martin S, Gattuso JP (2009) Response of Mediterranean coralline algae to ocean acidification
and elevated temperature. Global Change Biology,15, 2089-2100.
Miles H, Widdicombe S, Spicer JI, Hall-Spencer J (2007) Effects of anthropogenic seawater
acidification on acid-base balance in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. Marine
Pollution Bulletin,54, 89-96.
Parker LM, Ross PM, Apos, Connor WA (2009) The effect of ocean acidification and
temperature on the fertilization and embryonic development of the Sydney rock oyster
Saccostrea glomerata (Gould 1850). Global Change Biology,15, 2123-2136.
Parker LM, Ross PM, Apos, Connor WA (2011) Populations of the Sydney rock oyster,
Saccostrea glomerata, vary in response to ocean acidification. Marine Biology,158, 689697.
Parker LM, Ross PM, O'connor WA, Borysko L, Raftos DA, Pörtner HO (2012) Adult exposure
influences offspring response to ocean acidification in oysters. Global Change
Biology,18, 82-92.
Poloczanska ES, Hawkins SJ, Southward AJ, Burrows MT (2008) Modeling the response of
populations of competing species to climate change. Ecology,89, 3138-3149.
Ries JB, Cohen AL, Mccorkle DC (2009) Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2induced ocean acidification. Geology,37, 1131-1134.
Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Houlbrèque F, Tambutté É et al. (2011) Coral and mollusc resistance to
ocean acidification adversely affected by warming. Nature Climate Change,1, 308-312.
6
Sorte CJB, Williams SL, Carlton JT (2010) Marine range shifts and species introductions:
Comparative spread rates and community impacts. Global Ecology and Biogeography,19,
303-316.
Thomsen J, Gutowska MA, Saphörster J et al. (2010) Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a
naturally CO2-rich coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future
acidification. Biogeosciences,7, 3879-3891.
Thomsen J, Melzner F (2010) Moderate seawater acidification does not elicit long-term
metabolic depression in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biology,157, 2667-2676.
Wernberg T, Smale DA, Tuya F et al. (2012) An extreme climatic event alters marine ecosystem
structure in a global biodiversity hotspot. Nature Climate Change,5, 1-5.
Wethey DS, Woodin SA, Hilbish TJ, Jones SJ, Lima FP, Brannock PM (2011) Response of
intertidal populations to climate: Effects of extreme events versus long term change.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,400, 132-144.
Wood HL, Spicer JI, Widdicombe S (2008) Ocean acidification may increase calcification rates,
but at a cost. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,275, 1767-1773.
Wootton JT, Pfister CA, Forester JD (2008) Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of
declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences,105, 18848-18853.
Seagrass
Alexandre A, Silva J, Buapet P, Björk M, Santos R (2012) Effects of CO2 enrichment on
photosynthesis, growth, and nitrogen metabolism of the seagrass zostera noltii. Ecology
and evolution,2, 2625-2635.
Arnold T, Mealey C, Leahey H, Miller AW, Hall-Spencer JM, Milazzo M, Maers K (2012)
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants. Plos One,7,
e35107-e35107.
Cardoso PG, Raffaelli D, Pardal MA (2008) The impact of extreme weather events on the
seagrass Zostera noltii and related Hydrobia ulvae population. Marine Pollution
Bulletin,56, 483-492.
Collier CJ, Uthicke S, Waycott M (2011) Thermal tolerance of two seagrass species at
contrasting light levels: Implications for future distribution in the Great Barrier Reef.
Limnology and Oceanography,56, 2200-2210.
Diaz-Almela E, Marbà N, Duarte CM (2007) Consequences of Mediterranean warming events in
seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) flowering records. Global Change Biology,13, 224-235.
Díaz-Almela E, Marbà N, Martínez R, Santiago R, Duarte CM (2009) Seasonal dynamics of
Posidonia oceanica in Magalluf Bay (Mallorca, Spain): Temperature effects on seagrass
mortality. Limnology and Oceanography,54, 2170-2182.
Ehlers A, Worm B, Reusch TBH (2008) Importance of genetic diversity in eelgrass Zostera
marina for its resilience to global warming. Marine Ecology Progress Series,355, 1-7.
Eklöf JS, Alsterberg C, Havenhand JN, Sundbäck K, Wood HL, Gamfeldt L (2012)
Experimental climate change weakens the insurance effect of biodiversity. Ecology
Letters,15, 864-872.
Fabricius KE, Langdon C, Uthicke S et al. (2011) Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized
to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change,1, 165-169.
7
Franssen SU, Gu J, Bergmann N et al. (2011) Transcriptomic resilience to global warming in the
seagrass Zostera marina, a marine foundation species. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences,108, 19276-19281.
Gambi MC, Barbieri F, Bianchi CN (2009) New record of the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea
(Hydrocharitaceae) in the western Mediterranean: a further clue to changing
Mediterranean Sea biogeography. Marine Biodiversity Records,2, 1-7.
González-Correa J, Bayle Sempere J, Sánchez-Jerez P, Valle C (2007) Posidonia oceanica
meadows are not declining globally. Analysis of population dynamics in marine protected
areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series,336, 111-119.
Hendriks IE, Duarte CM, Álvarez M (2010) Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean
acidification: A meta-analysis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,86, 157-164.
Holmer M, Wirachwong P, Thomsen MS (2011) Negative effects of stress-resistant drift algae
and high temperature on a small ephemeral seagrass species. Marine Biology,158, 297309.
Jiang ZJ, Huang XP, Zhang JP (2010) Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Photosynthesis, Growth,
and Biochemical Composition of Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers.
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,52, 904-913.
Koch MS, Schopmeyer S, Kyhn-Hansen C, Madden CJ (2007a) Synergistic effects of high
temperature and sulfide on tropical seagrass. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology,341, 91-101.
Koch MS, Schopmeyer SA, Kyhn-Hansen C, Madden CJ, Peters JS (2007b) Tropical seagrass
species tolerance to hypersalinity stress. Aquatic Botany,86, 14-24.
Kroeker KJ, Kordas RL, Crim RN, Singh GG (2010) Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable
effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Ecology Letters,13, 1419-1434.
Lloret J, Marín A, Marín-Guirao L (2008) Is coastal lagoon eutrophication likely to be
aggravated by global climate change? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,78, 403-412.
Marbà N, Duarte CM (2010) Mediterranean warming triggers seagrass (Posidonia oceanica)
shoot mortality. Global Change Biology,16, 2366-2375.
Martin S, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Ransome E, Rowley S, Buia M-C, Gattuso J-P, Hall-Spencer J
(2008) Effects of naturally acidified seawater on seagrass calcareous epibionts. Biology
Letters,4, 689-692.
Massa SI, Arnaud-Haond S, Pearson GA, Serrão EA (2009) Temperature tolerance and survival
of intertidal populations of the seagrass Zostera noltii (Hornemann) in Southern Europe
(Ria Formosa, Portugal). Hydrobiologia,619, 195-201.
Olsen YS, Sánchez-Camacho M, Marbà N, Duarte CM (2012) Mediterranean Seagrass Growth
and Demography Responses to Experimental Warming. Estuaries and Coasts,35, 12051213.
Palacios SL, Zimmerman RC (2007) Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment:
Possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,344, 1-13.
Pulido C, Borum J (2010) Eelgrass (Zostera marina) tolerance to anoxia. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,385, 8-13.
Rasheed MA, Unsworth RKF (2011) Long-term climate-associated dynamics of a tropical
seagrass meadow: Implications for the future. Marine Ecology Progress Series,422, 93103.
8
Semesi IS, Beer S, Björk M (2009) Seagrass photosynthesis controls rates of calcification and
photosynthesis of calcareous macroalgae in a tropical seagrass meadow. Marine Ecology
Progress Series,382, 41-47.
Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, Henderson GM, Mckenzie LJ (2012) Tropical seagrass meadows
modify seawater carbon chemistry: implications for coral reefs impacted by ocean
acidification. Environmental Research Letters,7, 024026-024026.
Vertebrates
Bird
Becker BH, Peery M, Beissinger SR (2007) Ocean climate and prey availability affect the
trophic level and reproductive success of the marbled murrelet, an endangered seabird.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,329, 267-279.
Bond AL, Jones IL, Sydeman WJ, Major HL, Minobe S, Williams JC, Byrd GV (2011)
Reproductive success of planktivorous seabirds in the North Pacific is related to ocean
climate on decadal scales. Marine Ecology Progress Series,424, 205-U218.
D’alba L, Monaghan PaT, Nager RG (2010) Advances in laying date and increasing population
size suggest positive responses to climate change in Common Eiders Somateria
mollissima in Iceland. Ibis,152, 19-28.
Dias MP, Granadeiro JP, Phillips RA, Alonso H, Catry P (2011) Breaking the routine: individual
Cory's shearwaters shift winter destinations between hemispheres and across ocean
basins. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,278, 1786-1793.
Forcada J, Trathan PN, Murphy EJ (2008) Life history buffering in Antarctic mammals and birds
against changing patterns of climate and environmental variation. Global Change
Biology,14, 2473-2488.
Frederiksen M, Daunt F, Harris MP, Wanless S (2008) The demographic impact of extreme
events: stochastic weather drives survival and population dynamics in a long-lived
seabird. Journal of Animal Ecology,77, 1020-1029.
Frederiksen M, Edwards M, Mavor RA, Wanless S (2007) Regional and annual variation in
black-legged kittiwake breeding productivity is related to sea surface temperature.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,350, 137-143.
Gaston AJ, Bertram DF, Boyne AW et al. (2009a) Changes in Canadian seabird populations and
ecology since 1970 in relation to changes in oceanography and food webs. Environmental
reviews,17, 267-286.
Gaston AJ, Gilchrist HG, Mallory ML, Smith PA (2009b) Changes in seasonal events, peak food
availability, and consequent breeding adjustment in a marine bird: a case of progressive
mismatching. The Condor,111, 111-119.
Harris MP, Beare D, Toresen R et al. (2007) A major increase in snake pipefish (Entelurus
aequoreus) in northern European seas since 2003: potential implications for seabird
breeding success. Marine Biology,151, 973-983.
Jenouvrier S, Holland M, Stroeve J, Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H, Serreze M, Caswell H (2012)
Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population: analysis of coupled
demographic and climate models. Global Change Biology,18, 2756-2770.
9
Le Bohec C, Durant JM, Gauthier-Clerc M et al. (2008) King penguin population threatened by
Southern Ocean warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,105, 24932497.
Love OP, Gilchrist HG, Descamps S, Semeniuk CA, Bêty J (2010) Pre-laying climatic cues can
time reproduction to optimally match offspring hatching and ice conditions in an Arctic
marine bird. Oecologia,164, 277-286.
Luczak C, Beaugrand G, Jaffré M, Lenoir S (2011) Climate change impact on Balearic
shearwater through a trophic cascade. Biology Letters,7, 702-705.
Lynch HJ, Fagan WF, Naveen R, Trivelpiece SG, Trivelpiece WZ (2012a) Differential
advancement of breeding phenology in response to climate may alter staggered breeding
among sympatric pygoscelid penguins. Marine Ecology Progress Series,454, 135-145.
Lynch HJ, Naveen R, Trathan PN, Fagan WF (2012b) Spatially integrated assessment reveals
widespread changes in penguin populations on the Antarctic Peninsula. Ecology,93,
1367-1377.
Moe B, Stempniewicz L, Jakubas D et al. (2009) Climate change and phenological responses of
two seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series,393,
235-246.
Montevecchi WA (2007) Binary dietary responses of northern gannets Sula bassana indicate
changing food web and oceanographic conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series,352,
213-220.
Oro D, Torres R, Rodríguez C, Drummond H (2010) Climatic influence on demographic
parameters of a tropical seabird varies with age and sex. Ecology,91, 1205-1214.
Provencher JF, Gaston AJ, O'hara PD, Gilchrist HG (2012) Seabird diet indicates changing
Arctic marine communities in eastern Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series,454, 171+.
Reed TE, Warzybok P, Wilson AJ, Bradley RW, Wanless S, Sydeman WJ (2009) Timing is
everything: flexible phenology and shifting selection in a colonial seabird. Journal of
Animal Ecology,78, 376-387.
Rolland V, Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H (2008) Combined effects of fisheries and climate on a
migratory long-lived marine predator. Journal of Applied Ecology,45, 4-13.
Rolland V, Weimerskirch H, Barbraud C (2010) Relative influence of fisheries and climate on
the demography of four albatross species. Global Change Biology,16, 1910-1922.
Smith PA, Elliott KH, Gaston AJ, Gilchrist HG (2010) Has early ice clearance increased
predation on breeding birds by polar bears? Polar Biology,33, 1149-1153.
Teplitsky C, Mills JA, Alho JS, Yarrall JW, Merilä J (2008) Bergmann's rule and climate change
revisited: Disentangling environmental and genetic responses in a wild bird population.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,105, 13492-13496.
Trathan PN, Fretwell PT, Stonehouse B (2011) First recorded loss of an emperor penguin colony
in the recent period of Antarctic regional warming: implications for other colonies. Plos
One,6, e14738.
Trivelpiece WZ, Hinke JT, Miller AK, Reiss CS, Trivelpiece SG, Watters GM (2011) Variability
in krill biomass links harvesting and climate warming to penguin population changes in
Antarctica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,108, 7625-7628.
Wanless S, Frederiksen M, Daunt F, Scott BE, Harris MP (2007) Black-legged kittiwakes as
indicators of environmental change in the North Sea: Evidence from long-term studies.
Progress in Oceanography,72, 30-38.
10
Weimerskirch H, Louzao M, De Grissac S, Delord K (2012) Changes in wind pattern alter
albatross distribution and life-history traits. Science,335, 211-214.
Wolf SG, Sydeman WJ, Hipfner JM, Abraham CL, Tershy BR, Croll DA (2009) Range-wide
reproductive consequences of ocean climate variability for the seabird Cassin's Auklet.
Ecology,90, 742-753.
Fish
Baumann H, Talmage SC, Gobler CJ (2012) Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in
direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Nature Climate Change,2, 38-41.
Beaugrand G, Edwards M, Brander K, Luczak C, Ibanez F (2008) Causes and projections of
abrupt climate-driven ecosystem shifts in the North Atlantic. Ecology Letters,11, 11571168.
Coyle K, Eisner L, Mueter F et al. (2011) Climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea:
impacts on pollock stocks and implications for the oscillating control hypothesis.
Fisheries Oceanography,20, 139-156.
Dixson DL, Munday PL, Jones GP (2010) Ocean acidification disrupts the innate ability of fish
to detect predator olfactory cues. Ecology Letters,13, 68-75.
Domenici P, Allan B, Mccormick MI, Munday PL (2012) Elevated carbon dioxide affects
behavioural lateralization in a coral reef fish. Biology Letters,8, 78-81.
Dulvy NK, Rogers SI, Jennings S, Stelzenmüller V, Dye SR, Skjoldal HR (2008) Climate
change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: a biotic indicator of warming
seas. Journal of Applied Ecology,45, 1029-1039.
Feary DA, Almany GR, Jones GP, Mccormick MI (2007a) Coral degradation and the structure of
tropical reef fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series,333, 243-248.
Feary DA, Almany GR, Mccormick MI, Jones GP (2007b) Habitat choice, recruitment and the
response of coral reef fishes to coral degradation. Oecologia,153, 727-737.
Ferrari MCO, Dixson DL, Munday PL, Mccormick MI, Meekan MG, Sih A, Chivers DP (2011)
Intrageneric variation in antipredator responses of coral reef fishes affected by ocean
acidification: implications for climate change projections on marine communities. Global
Change Biology,17, 2980-2986.
Ferrari MCO, Manassa RP, Dixson DL et al. (2012) Effects of Ocean Acidification on Learning
in Coral Reef Fishes. Plos One,7, e31478.
Figueira WF, Booth DJ (2010) Increasing ocean temperatures allow tropical fishes to survive
overwinter in temperate waters. Global Change Biology,16, 506-516.
Frommel AY, Maneja R, Lowe D et al. (2012) Severe tissue damage in Atlantic cod larvae under
increasing ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change,2, 42-46.
Genner MJ, Halliday NC, Simpson SD, Southward AJ, Hawkins SJ, Sims DW (2010)
Temperature-driven phenological changes within a marine larval fish assemblage.
Journal of Plankton Research,32, 699-708.
Graham NA, Wilson SK, Jennings S, Polunin NV, Robinson J, Bijoux JP, Daw TM (2007) Lag
effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish, fisheries, and
ecosystems. Conservation Biology,21, 1291-1300.
Hiddink JG, Ter Hofstede R (2008) Climate induced increases in species richness of marine
fishes. Global Change Biology,14, 453-460.
11
Hunt GL, Coyle KO, Eisner LB et al. (2011) Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: a
synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis. ICES
Journal of Marine Science,68, 1230-1243.
Last PR, White WT, Gledhill DC, Hobday AJ, Brown R, Edgar GJ, Pecl G (2011) Long-term
shifts in abundance and distribution of a temperate fish fauna: a response to climate
change and fishing practices. Global Ecology and Biogeography,20, 58-72.
Mueter FJ, Litzow MA (2008) Sea ice retreat alters the biogeography of the Bering Sea
continental shelf. Ecological Applications,18, 309-320.
Munday PL, Crawley N, Nilsson GE (2009a) Interacting effects of elevated temperature and
ocean acidification on the aerobic performance of coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology
Progress Series,388, 235-242.
Munday PL, Dixson DL, Donelson JM, Jones GP, Pratchett MS, Devitsina GV, Døving KB
(2009b) Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a
marine fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106, 1848-1852.
Munday PL, Dixson DL, Mccormick MI, Meekan M, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP (2010)
Replenishment of fish populations is threatened by ocean acidification. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences.
Munday PL, Donelson JM, Dixson DL, Endo GG (2009c) Effects of ocean acidification on the
early life history of a tropical marine fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences,276, 3275-3283.
Nilsson GE, Crawley N, Lunde IG, Munday PL (2009) Elevated temperature reduces the
respiratory scope of coral reef fishes. Global Change Biology,15, 1405-1412.
Nilsson GE, Dixson DL, Domenici P, Mccormick MI, Sorensen C, Watson S-A, Munday PL
(2012) Near-future carbon dioxide levels alter fish behavior by interfering with
neurotransmitter function. Nature Climate Change,2, 201-204.
Nye JA, Link JS, Hare JA, Overholtz WJ (2009) Changing spatial distribution of fish stocks in
relation to climate and population size on the Northeast United States continental shelf.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,393, 111-129.
Pörtner HO, Knust R (2007) Climate change affects marine fishes through the oxygen limitation
of thermal tolerance. Science,315, 95-97.
Rosa R, Seibel BA (2008) Synergistic effects of climate-related variables suggest future
physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences,105, 20776-20780.
Shackell NL, Frank KT, Fisher JaD, Petrie B, Leggett WC (2010) Decline in top predator body
size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem. Proceedings of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,277, 1353-1360.
Simpson SD, Munday PL, Wittenrich ML, Manassa R, Dixson DL, Gagliano M, Yan HY (2011)
Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour in a marine fish. Biology Letters,
0293.
Thresher RE, Koslow J, Morison A, Smith D (2007) Depth-mediated reversal of the effects of
climate change on long-term growth rates of exploited marine fish. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences,104, 7461-7465.
12
Mammal
Chambellant M, Stirling I, Gough WA, Ferguson SH (2012) Temporal variations in Hudson Bay
ringed seal (Phoca hispida) life-history parameters in relation to environment. Journal of
Mammalogy,93, 267-281.
Cherry SG, Derocher AE, Stirling I, Richardson ES (2009) Fasting physiology of polar bears in
relation to environmental change and breeding behavior in the Beaufort Sea. Polar
Biology,32, 383-391.
Derocher A, Andersen M, Wiig Ø, Aars J, Hansen E, Biuw M (2011) Sea ice and polar bear den
ecology at Hopen Island, Svalbard. Marine Ecology Progress Series,441, 273-279.
Durner GM, Whiteman JP, Harlow HJ, Amstrup SC, Regehr EV, Ben-David M (2011)
Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a
female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat. Polar Biology,34, 975-984.
Fischbach A, Amstrup S, Douglas D (2007) Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear
denning associated with recent sea ice changes. Polar Biology,30, 1395-1405.
Gleason JS, Rode KD (2009) Polar bear distribution and habitat association reflect long-term
changes in fall sea ice conditions in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Arctic,62, 405-417.
Harwood LA, Smith TG, Melling H, Alikamik J, Kingsley MCS (2012) Ringed Seals and Sea
Ice in Canada's Western Arctic: Harvest-Based Monitoring 1992-2011. Arctic,65, 377390.
Heide-Jørgensen MP, Iversen M, Nielsen NH, Lockyer C, Stern H, Ribergaard MH (2011)
Harbour porpoises respond to climate change. Ecology and evolution,1.
Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL, Borchers DL, Marques TA, Stern H, Simon M (2010) The
effect of sea-ice loss on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in West Greenland. Polar
Research,29, 198-208.
Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL, Quakenbush LT, Citta JJ (2011) The Northwest Passage opens
for bowhead whales. Biology Letters, 8, 270-273.
Higdon JW, Ferguson SH (2009) Loss of Arctic sea ice causing punctuated change in sightings
of killer whales (Orcinus orca) over the past century. Ecological Applications,19, 13651375.
Higdon JW, Ferguson SH (2011) Reports of humpback and minke whales in the Hudson Bay
region, eastern Canadian Arctic. Northeastern Naturalist,18, 370-377.
Higdon JW, Hauser DDW, Ferguson SH (2012) Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the Canadian
Arctic: Distribution, prey items, group sizes, and seasonality. Marine Mammal
Science,28, E93-E109.
Hunter CM, Caswell H, Runge MC, Regehr EV, Amstrup SC, Stirling I (2010) Climate change
threatens polar bear populations: a stochastic demographic analysis. Ecology,91, 28832897.
Jay CV, Fischbach A, Kochnev AA (2012) Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse
sea ice cover. Marine Ecology Progress Series,468, 1-13.
Jüssi M, Härkönen T, Helle E, Jüssi I (2008) Decreasing ice coverage will reduce the breeding
success of Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) females. AMBIO: A Journal of the
Human Environment,37, 80-85.
Mckinney MA, Peacock E, Letcher RJ (2009) Sea ice-associated diet change increases the levels
of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in polar bears. Environmental science &
technology,43, 4334-4339.
13
Regehr EV, Hunter CM, Caswell H, Amstrup SC, Stirling I (2010) Survival and breeding of
polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea in relation to sea ice. Journal of Animal
Ecology,79, 117-127.
Regehr EV, Lunn NJ, Amstrup SC, Stirling L (2007) Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on
survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson bay. Journal of Wildlife
Management,71, 2673-2683.
Rockwell R, Gormezano L (2009) The early bear gets the goose: climate change, polar bears and
lesser snow geese in western Hudson Bay. Polar Biology,32, 539-547.
Rode KD, Amstrup SC, Regehr EV (2010) Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears
associated with sea ice decline. Ecological Applications,20, 768-782.
Rode KD, Peacock E, Taylor M, Stirling I, Born EW, Laidre KL, Wiig Ø (2012) A tale of two
polar bear populations: ice habitat, harvest, and body condition. Population Ecology,54,
3-18.
Rosing-Asvid A (2008) A new harp seal whelping ground near South Greenland. Marine
Mammal Science,24, 730-736.
Salvadeo CJ, Lluch-Belda D, Gomez-Gallardo A, Urban-Ramirez J, Macleod CD (2010) Climate
change and a poleward shift in the distribution of the Pacific white-sided dolphin in the
northeastern Pacific. Endangered Species Research,11, 13-19.
Schliebe S, Rode KD, Gleason JS, Wilder J, Proffitt K, Evans TJ, Miller S (2008) Effects of sea
ice extent and food availability on spatial and temporal distribution of polar bears during
the fall open-water period in the Southern Beaufort Sea. Polar Biology,31, 999-1010.
Stafford K, Moore S, Spillane M, Wiggins S (2007) Gray whale calls recorded near Barrow,
Alaska, throughout the winter of 2003-04. Arctic, 60, 167-172.
Stirling I, Richardson E, Thiemann GW, Derocher AE (2008) Unusual predation attempts of
polar bears on ringed seals in the southern Beaufort Sea: possible significance of
changing spring ice conditions. Arctic, 61, 14-22.
Turtle
Booth DT, Evans A (2011) Warm water and cool nests are best. How global warming might
influence hatchling green turtle swimming performance. Plos One,6, e23162.
Chaloupka M, Kamezaki N, Limpus C (2008) Is climate change affecting the population
dynamics of the endangered Pacific loggerhead sea turtle? Journal of Experimental
Marine Biology and Ecology,356, 136-143.
Dalleau M, Ciccione S, Mortimer JA, Garnier J, Benhamou S, Bourjea J (2012) Nesting
Phenology of Marine Turtles: Insights from a Regional Comparative Analysis on Green
Turtle (Chelonia mydas). Plos One,7, e46920.
Del Monte-Luna P, Guzman-Hernandez V, Cuevas EA, Arreguin-Sanchez F, Lluch-Belda D
(2012) Effect of North Atlantic climate variability on hawksbill turtles in the Southern
Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,412, 103-109.
Hawkes L, Broderick A, Godfrey M, Godley B (2007) Investigating the potential impacts of
climate change on a marine turtle population. Global Change Biology,13, 923-932.
Hays GC, Fossette S, Katselidis KA, Schofield G, Gravenor MB (2010) Breeding periodicity for
male sea turtles, operational sex ratios, and implications in the face of climate change.
Conservation Biology,24, 1636-1643.
14
Houghton J, Myers A, Lloyd C, King R, Isaacs C, Hays G (2007) Protracted rainfall decreases
temperature within leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) clutches in Grenada, West
Indies: Ecological implications for a species displaying temperature dependent sex
determination. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,345, 71-77.
Katselidis KA, Schofield G, Stamou G, Dimopoulos P, Pantis JD (2012) Females first? Past,
present and future variability in offspring sex ratio at a temperate sea turtle breeding area.
Animal Conservation,15, 508-518.
Mazaris AD, Kallimanis AS, Sgardelis SP, Pantis JD (2008) Do long-term changes in sea surface
temperature at the breeding areas affect the breeding dates and reproduction performance
of Mediterranean loggerhead turtles? Implications for climate change. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,367, 219-226.
Mazaris AD, Kallimanis AS, Tzanopoulos J, Sgardelis SP, Pantis JD (2009) Sea surface
temperature variations in core foraging grounds drive nesting trends and phenology of
loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology,379, 23-27.
Ozdemir A, Ilgaz C, Durmus SH, Guclu O (2011) The effect of the predicted air temperature
change on incubation temperature, incubation duration, sex ratio and hatching success of
loggerhead turtles. Animal Biology,61, 369-383.
Pike DA, Stiner JC (2007) Sea turtle species vary in their susceptibility to tropical cyclones.
Oecologia,153, 471-478.
Tomillo PS, Saba VS, Blanco GS, Stock CA, Paladino FV, Spotila JR (2012) Climate Driven
Egg and Hatchling Mortality Threatens Survival of Eastern Pacific Leatherback Turtles.
Plos One,7, e37602.
Van Houtan KS, Bass OL (2007) Stormy oceans are associated with declines in sea turtle
hatching. Current Biology,17, R590-R591.
Van Houtan KS, Halley JM (2011) Long-term climate forcing in loggerhead sea turtle nesting.
Plos One,6, e19043.
Weber SB, Broderick AC, Groothuis TGG, Ellick J, Godley BJ, Blount JD (2011) Fine-scale
thermal adaptation in a green turtle nesting population. Proceedings of the Royal Society
B: Biological Sciences.
Weishampel JF, Bagley DA, Ehrhart LM, Weishampel AC (2010) Nesting phenologies of two
sympatric sea turtle species related to sea surface temperatures. Endangered Species
Research,12, 41-47.
Wright LI, Stokes KL, Fuller WJ et al. (2012) Turtle mating patterns buffer against disruptive
effects of climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,279,
2122-2127.
Plankton communities
Archaeoplankton
Comeau AM, Li WKW, Tremblay J-É, Carmack EC, Lovejoy C (2011) Arctic Ocean microbial
community structure before and after the 2007 record sea ice minimum. Plos one, 6,
e27492.
15
Galand PE, Lovejoy C, Hamilton AK, Ingram RG, Pedneault E, Carmack EC (2009) Archaeal
diversity and a gene for ammonia oxidation are coupled to oceanic circulation.
Environmental microbiology, 11, 971–80.
Garneau M-È, Vincent WF, Terrado R, Lovejoy C (2009) Importance of particle-associated
bacterial heterotrophy in a coastal Arctic ecosystem. Journal of Marine Systems, 75, 185–
197.
Bacterioplankton
Cebrian E, Uriz MJ, Garrabou J, Ballesteros E (2011) Sponge mass mortalities in a warming
Mediterranean Sea: are cyanobacteria-harboring species worse off? Plos one, 6, e20211.
Grote J, Schott T, Bruckner CG et al. (2012) Genome and physiology of a model
Epsilonproteobacterium responsible for sulfide detoxification in marine oxygen depletion
zones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 506–10.
Hall EK, Neuhauser C, Cotner JB (2008) Toward a mechanistic understanding of how natural
bacterial communities respond to changes in temperature in aquatic ecosystems. The ISME
Journal, 2, 471–481.
Hall EK, Dzialowski AR, Stoxen SM, Cotner JB (2009) The effect of temperature on the
coupling between phosphorus and growth in lacustrine bacterioplankton communities.
Limnology and Oceanography, 54, 880–889.
Jiao N, Herndl GJ, Hansell D a et al. (2010) Microbial production of recalcitrant dissolved
organic matter: long-term carbon storage in the global ocean. Nature reviews. Microbiology,
8, 593–599.
Kirchman DL, Morán XAG, Ducklow H (2009) Microbial growth in the polar oceans - role of
temperature and potential impact of climate change. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 7, 451–
459.
Lafferty KD (2009) The ecology of climate change and infections diseases. Ecology, 90, 888–
900.
Lejeusne C, Chevaldonné P, Pergent-Martini C, Boudouresque CF, Pérez T (2010) Climate
change effects on a miniature ocean: the highly diverse, highly impacted Mediterranean
Sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25, 250–260.
Lomas MW, Steinberg DK, Dickey T, Carlson C a., Nelson NB, Condon RH, Bates NR (2009)
Increased ocean carbon export in the Sargasso Sea is countered by its enhanced
mesopelagic attenuation. Biogeosciences Discussions, 6, 9547–9582.
16
Magalhães C, Kiene RP, Buchan A, Machado A, Teixeira C, Wiebe WJ, Bordalo AA. (2012) A
novel inhibitory interaction between dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the
denitrification pathway. Biogeochemistry, 107, 393–408.
Massaro AJ, Weisz JB, Hill MS, Webster NS (2012) Behavioral and morphological changes
caused by thermal stress in the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeidesodorabile. Journal
of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 416-417, 55–60.
Mouchka ME, Hewson I, Harvell CD (2010) Coral-associated bacterial assemblages: Current
knowledge and the potential for climate-driven impacts. Integrative and Comparative
Biology, 50, 662–674.
Pearce I, Davidson AT, Thomson PG, Wright S, van den Enden R (2011) Marine microbial
ecology in the sub-Antarctic Zone: Rates of bacterial and phytoplankton growth and grazing
by heterotrophic protists. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58,
2248–2259.
Smith VH, Schindler DW (2009) Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends in
Ecology and Evolution, 24, 201–207.
Vezzulli L, Brettar I, Pezzati E, Reid PC, Colwell RR, Höfle MG, Pruzzo C (2012) Long-term
effects of ocean warming on the prokaryotic community: evidence from the vibrios. The
ISME Journal, 6, 21–30.
Winter C, Kerros M-E, Weinbauer MG (2009) Seasonal changes of bacterial and archaeal
communities in the dark ocean: Evidence from the Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and
Oceanography, 54, 160–170.
Witt V, Wild C, Anthony KRN, Diaz-Pulido G, Uthicke S (2011) Effects of ocean acidification
on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the
Great Barrier Reef. Environmental microbiology, 13, 2976–89.
Phytoplankton
Arrigo KR, van Dijken GL, Bushinsky S (2008a) Primary production in the Southern Ocean,
1997-2006. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 113.
Arrigo KR, van Dijken G, Pabi S (2008b) Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine
primary production. Geophysical Research Letters, 35.
Arrigo KR, Lowry KE, van Dijken GL (2012) Annual changes in sea ice and phytoplankton in
polynyas of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Deep-sea Research Part ii-Topical Studies in
Oceanography, 71-76, 5–15.
17
Barth JA, Menge BA, Lubchenco J et al. (2007) Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal
ocean ecosystems in the northern California current. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences, 104, 3719–3724.
Beman JM, Chow C, King AL, Feng Y, Fuhrman JA (2010) Global declines in oceanic
nitrification rates as a consequence of ocean acidification.Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 108, 208-213.
Boyce DG, Lewis MR, Worm B (2010) Global phytoplankton decline over the past century.
Nature, 466, 591–596.
Boyd PW, Strzepek R, Fu F, Hutchins DA (2010) Environmental control of open-ocean
phytoplankton groups: Now and in the future. Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 1353–
1376.
Flynn KJ, Blackford JC, Baird ME et al. (2012) Changes in pH at the exterior surface of
plankton with ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change, 2, 510–513.
Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Grant S, Chisholm SW (2007) Emergent biogeography of microbial
communities in a model ocean. Science, 315, 1843–6.
Gao K, Zheng Y (2009) Combined effects of ocean acidification and solar UV radiation on
photosynthesis, growth, pigmentation and calcification of the coralline alga Corallinasessilis
(Rhodophyta). Global Change Biology, 16, 2388–2398.
Hare C, Leblanc K, DiTullio G et al. (2007) Consequences of increased temperature and CO2 for
phytoplankton community structure in the Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series,
352, 9–16.
Hopkinson BM, Dupont CL, Allen AE, Morel FMM (2011) Efficiency of the CO2-concentrating
mechanism of diatoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Hutchins DA, Fu F-X, Zhang Y et al. (2007) CO2 control of Trichodesmium N2 fixation,
photosynthesis, growth rates, and elemental ratios: Implications for past, present, and future
ocean biogeochemistry. Limnology and Oceanography, 52, 1293–1304.
Joint I, Doney SC, Karl DM (2011) Will ocean acidification affect marine microbes? ISME
Journal, 5, 1–7.
Kahru M, Brotas V, Manzano-Sarabia M, Mitchell BG (2011) Are phytoplankton blooms
occurring earlier in the Arctic? Global Change Biology, 17, 1733–1739.
Lohbeck KT, Riebesell U, Reusch TBH (2012) Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton
species to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience, 5, 346–351.
18
Di Lorenzo E, Schneider N, Cobb KM et al. (2008) North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean
climate and ecosystem change. Geophysical Research Letters, 35.
Martinez E, Antoine D, D’Ortenzio F, Gentili B (2009) Climate-driven basin-scale decadal
oscillations of oceanic phytoplankton. Science, 326, 1253–6.
Martinson D, Stammerjohn SE, Schofield O (2009) Recent Changes in Phytoplankton
Communities Associated with Rapid Regional Climate Change Along the Western
Antarctic Peninsula. Science, 323.
Morán XAG, López-Urrutia Á, Calvo-Díaz A, Li WKW (2010) Increasing importance of small
phytoplankton in a warmer ocean. Global Change Biology, 16, 1137–1144.
Newbold LK, Oliver AE, Booth T et al. (2012) The response of marine picoplankton to ocean
acidification. Environmental Microbiology, 14, 2293–2307.
Rost B, Zondervan I, Wolf-Gladrow D (2008) Sensitivity of phytoplankton to future changes in
ocean carbonate chemistry: current knowledge, contradictions and research directions.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, 227–237.
SenerpontDomis LN, Mooij WM, Huisman J (2007) Climate-induced shifts in an experimental
phytoplankton community: a mechanistic approach. Hydrobiologia, 584, 403–413.
Shi D, Xu Y, Hopkinson BM, Morel FMM (2010) Effect of ocean acidification on iron
availability to marine phytoplankton. Science, 327, 676–9.
Tremblay J-E, Belanger S, Barber DG et al. (2011) Climate forcing multiplies biological
productivity in the coastal Arctic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 38.
Wohlers J, Engel A, Zöllner E et al. (2009) in biogenic carbon flow in response Changes to sea
surface warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 7067–7072.
Virioplankton
Boras JA, Sala MM, Arrieta JM et al. (2010) Effect of ice melting on bacterial carbon fluxes
channelled by viruses and protists in the Arctic Ocean. Polar Biology, 33, 1695–1707.
Danovaro R, Fonda Umani S, Pusceddu A (2009) Climate change and the potential spreading of
marine mucilage and microbial pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea. Plos one, 4, e7006.
Danovaro R, Corinaldesi C, Dell’anno A, Fuhrman JA, Middelburg JJ, Noble RT, Suttle CA
(2011) Marine viruses and global climate change. FEMS microbiology reviews, 35, 993–
1034.
19
Evans C, Thomson PG, Davidson AT, Bowie AR, van den Enden R, Witte H, Brussaard CPD
(2011) Potential climate change impacts on microbial distribution and carbon cycling in the
Australian Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography,
58, 2150–2161.
Rhodes CJ, Martin AP (2010) The influence of viral infection on a plankton ecosystem
undergoing nutrient enrichment. Journal of theoretical biology, 265, 225–37.
Walker PJ, Winton JR (2010) Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp. Veterinary research,
41, 51.
Zooplankton
Aberle N, Lengfellner K, Sommer U (2007) Spring bloom succession, grazing impact and
herbivore selectivity of ciliate communities in response to winter warming. Oecologia, 150,
668–81.
Anderson DM, Cembella AD, Hallegraeff GM (2012) Progress in Understanding Harmful Algal
Blooms: Paradigm Shifts and New Technologies for Research, Monitoring, and
Management. Annual Review of Marine Science, 4, 143–176.
Attrill MJ, Wright J, Edwards M (2007) Climate-related increases in jellyfish frequency suggest
a more gelatinous future for the North Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 52, 480–485.
Beaugrand G, Christophe L, Martin E (2008) Rapid biogeographical plankton shifts in the North
Atlantic Ocean. Global Change Biology, 15, 1790–1803.
Coyle KO, Pinchuk AI, Eisner LB, Napp JM (2008) Zooplankton species composition,
abundance and biomass on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during summer: The potential role
of water-column stability and nutrients in structuring the zooplankton community. Deep Sea
Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55, 1775–1791.
Hader D, Helbling E, Worrest R (2011) Photobiological Sciences Effects of UV radiation on
aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate. Photochemical and Photobiological
Sciences, 10, 242-260.
Hsieh C-H, Kim HJ, Watson W, Di Lorenzo E, Sugihara G (2009) Climate-driven changes in
abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region.
Global Change Biology, 15, 2137–2152.
Johnson CR, Banks SC, Barrett NS et al. (2011) Climate change cascades: Shifts in
oceanography, species’ ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern
Tasmania. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 400, 17–32.
20
Keister JE, Di Lorenzo E, Morgan CA, Combes V, Peterson WT (2011) Zooplankton species
composition is linked to ocean transport in the Northern California Current. Global Change
Biology, 17, 2498–2511.
Kirby RR, Beaugrand G (2009) Trophic amplification of climate warming. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276, 4095–103.
Lewandowska A, Sommer U (2010) Climate change and the spring bloom: a mesocosm study on
the influence of light and temperature on phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 405, 101–111.
Lynam CP, Lilley MKS, Bastian T, Doyle TK, Beggs SE, Hays GC (2011) Have jellyfish in the
Irish Sea benefited from climate change and overfishing? Global Change Biology, 17, 767–
782.
Mackas DL, Beaugrand G (2010) Comparisons of zooplankton time series. Journal of Marine
Systems, 79, 286–304.
Mackas DL, Batten S, Trudel M (2007) Effects on zooplankton of a warmer ocean: Recent
evidence from the Northeast Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 223–252.
Mollmann C, Kornilovs G, John MAS (2008) Effects of climate and overfishing on zooplankton
dynamics and ecosystem structure : regime shifts , trophic cascade , and feedback loops in a
simple ecosystem. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 302–310.
Nelson R, Carmack E, McLaughlin F, Cooper G (2009) Penetration of Pacific zooplankton into
the western Arctic Ocean tracked with molecular population genetics. Marine Ecology
Progress Series, 381, 129–138.
Richardson AJ (2008) In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. ICES Journal of Marine
Science, 279–295.
Rombouts I, Beaugrand G, Ibanez F, Gasparini S, Chiba S, Legendre L (2009) Global latitudinal
variations in marine copepod diversity and environmental factors. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences, 276, 3053–62.
Schmidt K, Atkinson A, Venables HJ, Pond DW (2012) Early spawning of Antarctic krill in the
Scotia Sea is fuelled by “superfluous” feeding on non-ice associated phytoplankton blooms.
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 59-60, 159–172.
Seibel BA (2011) Critical oxygen levels and metabolic suppression in oceanic oxygen minimum
zones. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 214, 326–36.
Shackell NL, Frank KT, Fisher JAD, Petrie B, Leggett WC (2010) Decline in top predator body
size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem. Proceedings of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1353–60.
21
Sommer U, Aberle N, Engel A et al. (2007) An indoor mesocosm system to study the effect of
climate change on the late winter and spring succession of Baltic Sea phyto- and
zooplankton. Oecologia, 150, 655–67.
Søreide JE, Leu E, Berge J, Graeve M, Falk-Petersen S (2010) Timing of blooms, algal food
quality and Calanusglacialis reproduction and growth in a changing Arctic. Global Change
Biology, 16, 3154-3163.
Varpe Ø, Jørgensen C, Tarling G a., Fiksen Ø (2007) Early is better: seasonal egg fitness and
timing of reproduction in a zooplankton life-history model. Oikos, 116, 1331–1342.
Physical/chemical oceanography
Ocean acidity
Alin SR, Feely R A, Dickson AG, Hernández-Ayón JM, Juranek LW, Ohman MD, Goericke R
(2012) Robust empirical relationships for estimating the carbonate system in the southern
California Current System and application to CalCOFI hydrographic cruise data (2005–
2011). Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, C05033.
Bates NR (2007) Interannual variability of the oceanic CO 2 sink in the subtropical gyre of the
North Atlantic Ocean over the last 2 decades. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112,
C09013.
Bates NR, Best MHP, Neely K, Garley R, Dickson AG, Johnson RJ (2012) Detecting
anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Biogeosciences, 9, 2509–2522.
Byrne RH, Mecking S, Feely RA, Liu X (2010) Direct observations of basin-wide acidification
of the North Pacific Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L02601.
Cai W-J, Chen L, Chen B et al. (2010) Decrease in the CO2 uptake capacity in an ice-free Arctic
Ocean basin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329, 556–9.
Cai W-J, Hu X, Huang W-J et al. (2011) Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by
eutrophication. Nature Geoscience, 4, 766–770.
Corbière A, Metzl N, Reverdin G, Brunet C, Takahashi T (2007) Interannual and decadal
variability of the oceanic carbon sink in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Tellus B, 59, 168–
178.
Dore JEJ, Lukas R, Sadler DW, Church MJ, Karl DM (2009) Physical and biogeochemical
modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 106, 12235–12240.
Fassbender AJ, Sabine CL, Feely RA, Langdon C, Mordy CW (2011) Inorganic carbon
dynamics during northern California coastal upwelling. Continental Shelf Research, 31,
1180–1192.
Feely RA, Sabine CL, Hernandez-Ayon JM, Ianson D, Hales B (2008) Evidence for upwelling of
corrosive “acidified” water onto the continental shelf. Science, 320, 1490–2.
Feely RA, Alin SR, Newton J et al. (2010) The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing,
and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary. Estuarine, Coastal
and Shelf Science, 88, 442–449.
22
Feely RA, Sabine CL, Byrne RH et al. (2012) Decadal changes in the aragonite and calcite
saturation state of the Pacific Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26, GB3001.
Gray SEC, DeGrandpre MD, Langdon C, Corredor JE (2012) Short-term and seasonal pH, p CO
2 and saturation state variability in a coral-reef ecosystem. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,
26, GB3012.
Hofmann GE, Smith JE, Johnson KS et al. (2011) High-frequency dynamics of ocean pH: a
multi-ecosystem comparison. PloS one, 6, e28983.
McKinley G a., Fay AR, Takahashi T, Metzl N (2011) Convergence of atmospheric and North
Atlantic carbon dioxide trends on multidecadal timescales. Nature Geoscience, 4, 606–610.
McNeil BI, Matear RJ (2008) Southern Ocean acidification: a tipping point at 450-ppm
atmospheric CO2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 18860–4.
Metzl N (2009) Decadal increase of oceanic carbon dioxide in Southern Indian Ocean surface
waters (1991–2007). Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56,
607–619.
Midorikawa T, Inoue HY, Ishii M et al. (2012) Decreasing pH trend estimated from 35-year time
series of carbonate parameters in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean in summer. Deep
Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 61, 131–139.
Murata A, Kumamoto Y, Sasaki K, Watanabe S, Fukasawa M (2008) Decadal increases of
anthropogenic CO 2 in the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean along 30°S. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 113, C06007.
Le Quéré C, Takahashi T, Buitenhuis ET, Rödenbeck C, Sutherland SC (2010) Impact of climate
change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO 2. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,
24, GB4007.
Sabine CL, Feely RA, Millero FJ, Dickson AG, Langdon C, Mecking S, Greeley D (2008)
Decadal changes in Pacific carbon. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C07021.
Santana-Casiano JM, González-Dávila M, Rueda M-J, Llinás O, González-Dávila E-F (2007)
The interannual variability of oceanic CO 2 parameters in the northeast Atlantic subtropical
gyre at the ESTOC site. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21, GB1015.
Schuster U, Watson AJ (2007) A variable and decreasing sink for atmospheric CO 2 in the North
Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C11006.
Shadwick EH, Thomas H, Chierici M et al. (2011) Seasonal variability of the inorganic carbon
system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the southeastern Beaufort Sea. Limnology and
Oceanography, 56, 303–322.
Takahashi T, Sutherland SC, Wanninkhof R et al. (2009) Climatological mean and decadal
change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep Sea
Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56, 554–577.
Vázquez-Rodríguez M (2009) Anthropogenic carbon distributions in the Atlantic Ocean: databased estimates from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Biogeosciences, 6, 439–451.
Wanninkhof R, Doney SC, Bullister JL, Levine NM, Warner M, Gruber N (2010) Detecting
anthropogenic CO 2 changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean between 1989 and 2005. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 115, C11028.
Wootton JT, Pfister CA, Forester JD (2008) Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of
declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 105, 18848–53.
23
Yamamoto-Kawai M, McLaughlin FA, Carmack EC, Nishino S, Shimada K (2009) Aragonite
undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean: effects of ocean acidification and sea ice melt. Science,
326, 1098–100.
Yates KK, Dufore C, Smiley N, Jackson C, Halley RB (2007) Diurnal variation of oxygen and
carbonate system parameters in Tampa Bay and Florida Bay. Marine Chemistry, 104, 110–
124.
Oxygen
Bograd SJ, Castro CG, Di Lorenzo E, Palacios DM, Bailey H, Gilly W, Chavez FP (2008)
Oxygen declines and the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary in the California Current.
Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L12607.
Booth JAT, McPhee-Shaw EE, Chua P et al. (2012) Natural intrusions of hypoxic, low pH water
into nearshore marine environments on the California coast. Continental Shelf Research, 45,
108–115.
Breitburg DL, Hondorp DW, Davias L a., Diaz RJ (2009) Hypoxia, Nitrogen, and Fisheries:
Integrating Effects Across Local and Global Landscapes. Annual Review of Marine Science,
1, 329–349.
Carmack E, McLaughlin F (2011) Towards recognition of physical and geochemical change in
Subarctic and Arctic Seas. Progress in Oceanography, 90, 90–104.
Chan F, Barth J a, Lubchenco J, Kirincich a, Weeks H, Peterson WT, Menge B a (2008)
Emergence of anoxia in the California current large marine ecosystem. Science, 319, 920.
Chen C-C, Gong G-C, Shiah F-K (2007) Hypoxia in the East China Sea: one of the largest
coastal low-oxygen areas in the world. Marine environmental research, 64, 399–408.
Conley DJ, Carstensen J, Ærtebjerg G, Christensen PB, Dalsgaard T, Hansen JLS, Josefson AB
(2007) Long-term changes and impacts of hypoxia in Danish coastal waters. Ecological
Applications, 17, S165-S184.
Conley D, Bjorck S, Bonsdorrff E et al. (2009) Hypoxia-related processes in the Baltic Sea.
Environmental Science & Technology, 43.
Conley DJ, Carstensen J, Aigars J et al. (2011) Hypoxia is increasing in the coastal zone of the
Baltic Sea. Environmental science & technology, 45, 6777–83.
Connolly TP, Hickey BM, Geier SL, Cochlan WP (2010) Processes influencing seasonal
hypoxia in the northern California Current System. Journal of geophysical research, 115,
C03021.
Fuenzalida R, Schneider W, Garcés-Vargas J, Bravo L, Lange C (2009) Vertical and horizontal
extension of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea
Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56, 992–1003.
Gilbert D, Rabalais NN, Díaz RJ, Zhang J (2010) Evidence for greater oxygen decline rates in
the coastal ocean than in the open ocean. Biogeosciences, 7, 2283–2296.
Helm KP, Bindoff NL, Church JA (2011) Observed decreases in oxygen content of the global
ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L23602.
Johnson GC, Gruber N (2007) Decadal water mass variations along 20°W in the Northeastern
Atlantic Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 73, 277–295.
Karstensen J, Stramma L, Visbeck M (2008) Oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Progress in Oceanography, 77, 331–350.
24
McClatchie S, Goericke R, Cosgrove R, Auad G, Vetter R (2010) Oxygen in the Southern
California Bight: Multidecadal trends and implications for demersal fisheries. Geophysical
Research Letters, 37, L19602.
Monteiro PMS, van der Plas AK, Mélice J-L, Florenchie P (2008) Interannual hypoxia
variability in a coastal upwelling system: Ocean–shelf exchange, climate and ecosystemstate implications. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 55, 435–
450.
Nakanowatari T, Ohshima KI, Wakatsuchi M (2007) Warming and oxygen decrease of
intermediate water in the northwestern North Pacific, originating from the Sea of Okhotsk,
1955–2004. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L04602.
Nam S, Kim H-J, Send U (2011) Amplification of hypoxic and acidic events by La Niña
conditions on the continental shelf off California. Geophysical Research Letters, 38,
L22602.
Paulmier a., Ruiz-Pino D (2009) Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the modern ocean.
Progress in Oceanography, 80, 113–128.
Paulmier A, Ruiz-Pino D, Garçon V (2011) CO2 maximum in the oxygen minimum zone
(OMZ). Biogeosciences, 8, 239–252.
Pierce SD, Barth JA, Shearman RK, Erofeev AY (2012) Declining Oxygen in the Northeast
Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42, 495–501.
Sharp JH (2010) Estuarine oxygen dynamics: What can we learn about hypoxia from long-time
records in the Delaware Estuary? Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 535–548.
Stramma L, Johnson GC, Sprintall J, Mohrholz V (2008) Expanding oxygen-minimum zones in
the tropical oceans. Science, 320, 655–8.
Stramma L, Visbeck M, Brandt P, Tanhua T, Wallace D (2009) Deoxygenation in the oxygen
minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 36,
L20607.
Stramma L, Schmidtko S, Levin LA, Johnson GC (2010) Ocean oxygen minima expansions and
their biological impacts. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 57,
587–595.
Stramma L, Prince ED, Schmidtko S et al. (2011) Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may
reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes. Nature Climate Change, 2, 33–37.
Stramma L, Oschlies a., Schmidtko S (2012) Mismatch between observed and modeled trends in
dissolved upper-ocean oxygen over the last 50 yr. Biogeosciences, 9, 4045–4057.
Thamdrup B, Dalsgaard T, Revsbech NP (2012) Widespread functional anoxia in the oxygen
minimum zone of the Eastern South Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic
Research Papers, 65, 36–45.
Whitney FA, Freeland HJ, Robert M (2007) Persistently declining oxygen levels in the interior
waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 179–199.
Sea ice
Comiso JC (2012) Large Decadal Decline of the Arctic Multiyear Ice Cover. Journal of Climate,
25, 1176–1193.
Comiso JC, Nishio F (2008) Trends in the sea ice cover using enhanced and compatible AMSRE, SSM/I, and SMMR data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C02S07.
25
Comiso JC, Parkinson CL, Gersten R, Stock L (2008) Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice
cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L01703.
Cook AJ, Vaughan DG (2010) Overview of areal changes of the ice shelves on the Antarctic
Peninsula over the past 50 years. The Cryosphere, 4, 77–98.
Giles KA, Laxon SW, Ridout AL (2008) Circumpolar thinning of Arctic sea ice following the
2007 record ice extent minimum. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L22502.
Haas C, Hendricks S, Eicken H, Herber A (2010) Synoptic airborne thickness surveys reveal
state of Arctic sea ice cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, n/a–n/a.
Hochheim KP, Barber DG (2010) Atmospheric forcing of sea ice in Hudson Bay during the fall
period, 1980–2005. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C05009.
Kay JE, Holland MM, Jahn A (2011) Inter-annual to multi-decadal Arctic sea ice extent trends in
a warming world. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L15708.
Kurtz NT, Markus T (2012) Satellite observations of Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, C08025.
Kwok R (2009) Outflow of Arctic Ocean Sea Ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas: 1979–
2007. Journal of Climate, 22, 2438–2457.
Kwok R, Cunningham GF (2010) Contribution of melt in the Beaufort Sea to the decline in
Arctic multiyear sea ice coverage: 1993-2009. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L20501.
Kwok R, Rothrock D a. (2009) Decline in Arctic sea ice thickness from submarine and ICESat
records: 1958-2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L15501.
Kwok R, Untersteiner N (2011) The thinning of Arctic sea ice. Phys. Today, 64.
Kwok R, Cunningham GF, Wensnahan M, Rigor I, Zwally HJ, Yi D (2009) Thinning and
volume loss of the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover: 2003–2008. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 114, C07005.
Liu J, Curry J, Wang H (2012) Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109.
Markus T, Stroeve JC, Miller J (2009) Recent changes in Arctic sea ice melt onset, freezeup, and
melt season length. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, C12024.
Maslanik JA, Fowler C, Stroeve J, Drobot S, Zwally J, Yi D, Emery W (2007) A younger,
thinner Arctic ice cover: Increased potential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss. Geophysical
Research Letters, 34, L24501.
Maslanik JA, Stroeve J, Fowler C, Emery W (2011) Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age
through spring 2011. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L13502.
Nghiem S V., Rigor IG, Perovich DK, Clemente-Colón P, Weatherly JW, Neumann G (2007)
Rapid reduction of Arctic perennial sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L19504.
Ogi M, Wallace JM (2007) Summer minimum Arctic sea ice extent and the associated summer
atmospheric circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L12705.
Ogi M, Yamazaki K, Wallace JM (2010) Influence of winter and summer surface wind
anomalies on summer Arctic sea ice extent. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L07701.
Perovich DK, Richter-Menge JA, Jones KF, Light B (2008) Sunlight, water, and ice: Extreme
Arctic sea ice melt during the summer of 2007. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L11501.
Serreze M, Holland M, Stroeve J (2007) Perspectives on the Arctic’s shrinking sea-ice cover.
science, 315, 1533–1536.
Simmonds I, Keay K (2009) Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their
relationships with storm behavior over 1979–2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 36,
L19715.
26
Stammerjohn SE, Martinson DG, Smith RC, Yuan X, Rind D (2008) Trends in Antarctic annual
sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Southern
Annular Mode variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C03S90.
Stammerjohn S, Massom R, Rind D, Martinson D (2012) Regions of rapid sea ice change: An
inter-hemispheric seasonal comparison. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L06501.
Stroeve J, Holland MM, Meier W, Scambos T, Serreze M (2007) Arctic sea ice decline: Faster
than forecast. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L09501.
Stroeve JC, Maslanik J, Serreze MC, Rigor I, Meier W, Fowler C (2011) Sea ice response to an
extreme negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter 2009/2010. Geophysical
Research Letters, 38, L02502.
Stroeve JC, Kattsov V, Barrett A, Serreze M, Pavlova T, Holland M, Meier WN (2012) Trends
in Arctic sea ice extent from CMIP5, CMIP3 and observations. Geophysical Research
Letters, 39, L16502.
Tivy A, Howell SEL, Alt B et al. (2011) Trends and variability in summer sea ice cover in the
Canadian Arctic based on the Canadian Ice Service Digital Archive, 1960–2008 and 1968–
2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, C03007.
Sea level height
Becker M, Meyssignac B, Letetrel C, Llovel W, Cazenave A, Delcroix T (2012) Sea level
variations at tropical Pacific islands since 1950. Global and Planetary Change, 80-81, 85–
98.
Beckley BD, Lemoine FG, Luthcke SB, Ray RD, Zelensky NP (2007) A reassessment of global
and regional mean sea level trends from TOPEX and Jason-1 altimetry based on revised
reference frame and orbits. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L14608.
Beckley BD, Zelensky NP, Holmes S A et al. (2010) Assessment of the Jason-2 Extension to the
TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 Sea-Surface Height Time Series for Global Mean Sea Level
Monitoring. Marine Geodesy, 33, 447–471.
Cazenave a., Dominh K, Guinehut S et al. (2009) Sea level budget over 2003–2008: A
reevaluation from GRACE space gravimetry, satellite altimetry and Argo. Global and
Planetary Change, 65, 83–88.
Chambers DP, Merrifield M a., Nerem RS (2012) Is there a 60-year oscillation in global mean
sea level? Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L18607.
Church JA, White NJ (2011) Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century.
Surveys in Geophysics, 32, 585–602.
Church JA., White NJ, Konikow LF et al. (2011) Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy
budgets from 1961 to 2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L18601.
Domingues CM, Church JA, White NJ, Gleckler PJ, Wijffels SE, Barker PM, Dunn JR (2008)
Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature, 453,
1090–3.
Haigh I, Nicholls R, Wells N (2010) Assessing changes in extreme sea levels: Application to the
English Channel, 1900–2006. Continental Shelf Research, 30, 1042–1055.
Holgate SJ (2007) On the decadal rates of sea level change during the twentieth century.
Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L01602.
27
Houston JR, Dean RG (2011) Sea-Level Acceleration Based on U.S. Tide Gauges and
Extensions of Previous Global-Gauge Analyses. Journal of Coastal Research, 27, 409–417.
Jevrejeva S, Moore JC, Grinsted a., Woodworth PL (2008) Recent global sea level acceleration
started over 200 years ago? Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L08715.
Köhl A, Stammer D (2008) Decadal Sea Level Changes in the 50-Year GECCO Ocean
Synthesis. Journal of Climate, 21, 1876–1890.
Leuliette EW, Miller L (2009) Closing the sea level rise budget with altimetry, Argo, and
GRACE. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04608.
Levitus S, Antonov JI, Boyer TP et al. (2012) World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea
level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L10603.
Lombard a., Garcia D, Ramillien G et al. (2007) Estimation of steric sea level variations from
combined GRACE and Jason-1 data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 254, 194–202.
Menéndez M, Woodworth PL (2010) Changes in extreme high water levels based on a quasiglobal tide-gauge data set. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C10011.
Merrifield MA (2011) A Shift in Western Tropical Pacific Sea Level Trends during the 1990s.
Journal of Climate, 24, 4126–4138.
Merrifield MA, Merrifield ST, Mitchum GT (2009) An Anomalous Recent Acceleration of
Global Sea Level Rise. Journal of Climate, 22, 5772–5781.
Meyssignac B, Becker M, Llovel W, Cazenave a. (2012) An Assessment of Two-Dimensional
Past Sea Level Reconstructions Over 1950–2009 Based on Tide-Gauge Data and Different
Input Sea Level Grids. Surveys in Geophysics, 33, 945–972.
Nerem RS, Chambers DP, Choe C, Mitchum GT (2010) Estimating Mean Sea Level Change
from the TOPEX and Jason Altimeter Missions. Marine Geodesy, 33, 435–446.
Purkey SG, Johnson GC (2010) Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters
between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets.
Journal of Climate, 23, 6336–6351.
Qiu B, Chen S (2012) Multidecadal Sea Level and Gyre Circulation Variability in the
Northwestern Tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42, 193–206.
Rahmstorf S (2007) A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise. Science, 315,
368–370.
Ray RD, Douglas BC (2011) Experiments in reconstructing twentieth-century sea levels.
Progress in Oceanography, 91, 496–515.
Roemmich D, Gilson J (2009) The 2004–2008 mean and annual cycle of temperature, salinity,
and steric height in the global ocean from the Argo Program. Progress in Oceanography,
82, 81–100.
Wijffels SE, Willis J, Domingues CM et al. (2008) Changing Expendable Bathythermograph
Fall Rates and Their Impact on Estimates of Thermosteric Sea Level Rise. Journal of
Climate, 21, 5657–5672.
Willis JK, Chambers DP, Nerem RS (2008) Assessing the globally averaged sea level budget on
seasonal to interannual timescales. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,113,
C06015.
Wöppelmann G, Letetrel C, Santamaria a. et al. (2009) Rates of sea-level change over the past
century in a geocentric reference frame. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L12607.
Wunsch C, Ponte RM, Heimbach P (2007) Decadal Trends in Sea Level Patterns: 1993–2004.
Journal of Climate, 20, 5889–5911.
28
Sea surface temperature
Alory G, Wijffels S, Meyers G (2007) Observed temperature trends in the Indian Ocean over
1960–1999 and associated mechanisms. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L02606.
Carton JA, Santorelli A (2008) Global Decadal Upper-Ocean Heat Content as Viewed in Nine
Analyses. Journal of Climate, 21, 6015–6035.
Church JA, White NJ, Konikow LF et al. (2011) Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy
budgets from 1961 to 2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L18601.
Domingues CM, Church JA, White NJ, Gleckler PJ, Wijffels SE, Barker PM, Dunn JR (2008)
Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature, 453,
1090–3.
Falvey M, Garreaud RD (2009) Regional cooling in a warming world: Recent temperature trends
in the southeast Pacific and along the west coast of subtropical South America (1979–2006).
Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D04102.
Gille ST (2008) Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean. Journal
of Climate, 21, 4749–4765.
Gouretski V, Koltermann KP (2007) How much is the ocean really warming? Geophysical
Research Letters, 34, L01610.
Gouretski V, Kennedy J, Boyer T, Köhl A (2012) Consistent near-surface ocean warming since
1900 in two largely independent observing networks. Geophysical Research Letters, 39,
L19606.
Ishii M, Kimoto M (2009) Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with timevarying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections. Journal of Oceanography, 65.
Jackson JM, Carmack EC, McLaughlin FA, Allen SE, Ingram RG (2010) Identification,
characterization, and change of the near-surface temperature maximum in the Canada Basin,
1993–2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C05021.
Johnson GC, Purkey SG, Bullister JL (2008) Warming and Freshening in the Abyssal
Southeastern Indian Ocean. Journal of Climate, 21, 5351–5363.
Kennedy JJ, Rayner NA, Smith RO, Parker DE, Saunby M (2011) Reassessing biases and other
uncertainties in sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 1.
Measurement and sampling uncertainties. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D14103.
Kennedy J, Rayner N, Smith R, Parker D, Saunby M (2011) Reassessing biases and other
uncertainties in sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 2. Biases
and homogenization. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D14104.
Kouketsu S, Doi T, Kawano T et al. (2011) Deep ocean heat content changes estimated from
observation and reanalysis product and their influence on sea level change. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 116, C03012.
Large WG, Yeager SG (2012) On the Observed Trends and Changes in Global Sea Surface
Temperature and Air–Sea Heat Fluxes (1984–2006). Journal of Climate, 25, 6123–6135.
Levitus S, Antonov JI, Boyer TP, Locarnini RA, Garcia HE, Mishonov AV (2009) Global ocean
heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems. Geophysical
Research Letters, 36, L07608.
Levitus S, Antonov JI, Boyer TP et al. (2012) World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea
level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L10603.
29
Lyman JM, Good SA, Gouretski V V et al. (2010) Robust warming of the global upper ocean.
Nature, 465, 334–7.
Parker D, Folland C, Scaife A, Knight J, Colman A, Baines P, Dong B (2007) Decadal to
multidecadal variability and the climate change background. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 112, D18115.
Polyakov IV, Alexeev VA, Bhatt US, Polyakova EI, Zhang X (2009) North Atlantic warming:
patterns of long-term trend and multidecadal variability. Climate Dynamics, 34, 439–457.
Purkey SG, Johnson GC (2010) Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters
between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets.
Journal of Climate, 23, 6336–6351.
Reynolds RW, Smith TM, Liu C, Chelton DB, Casey KS, Schlax MG (2007) Daily HighResolution-Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature. Journal of Climate, 20, 5473–
5496.
Roemmich D, Gilson J (2009) The 2004–2008 mean and annual cycle of temperature, salinity,
and steric height in the global ocean from the Argo Program. Progress in Oceanography,
82, 81–100.
Roemmich D, John Gould W, Gilson J (2012) 135 years of global ocean warming between the
Challenger expedition and the Argo Programme. Nature Climate Change, 2, 425–428.
Santos F, Gomez-Gesteira M, deCastro M, Alvarez I (2012) Differences in coastal and oceanic
SST trends due to the strengthening of coastal upwelling along the Benguela current system.
Continental Shelf Research, 34, 79–86.
Smith TM, Reynolds RW, Peterson TC, Lawrimore J (2008) Improvements to NOAA’s
Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006). Journal of
Climate, 21, 2283–2296.
Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM, Kennedy JJ, Jones PD (2010) An abrupt drop in Northern
Hemisphere sea surface temperature around 1970. Nature, 467, 444–7.
Ting M, Kushnir Y, Seager R, Li C (2009) Forced and Internal Twentieth-Century SST Trends
in the North Atlantic. Journal of Climate, 22, 1469–1481.
Yasunaka S, Hanawa K (2011) Intercomparison of historical sea surface temperature datasets.
International Journal of Climatology, 31, 1056–1073.
Yu L, Weller RA (2007) Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Heat Fluxes for the Global Ice-Free
Oceans (1981–2005). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88, 527–539.
30