Mercury distribution in sediment along urbanrural gradient around
Shanghai (China): Implication for pollution history
Jing Yang†, Ling Chen†, Wei-Ling Shi†, Li-Zao Liu†, Yue Li†, Xiang-Zhou Meng*,†
†
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
*
Corresponding author phone: 86-21-65984261; fax: 86-21-65984261; e-mail: xzmeng@tongji.edu.cn
†
Tongji University
S1
Table S1. Sampling site description and physico-chemical parameters of surface sediment from 35 lakes from public parks around Shanghai
Parameter
Lake area (ha)
Depth (m)
Park area (ha)
Basin ratio (%)
pH
TOC (%)
Clay (%)
Fe (mg/kg dw)
CUC (n = 5)
DDU (n = 7)
DIU (n = 5)
SU (n = 18)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
1.2-12.5
1.5-3.0
3.7-140.3
3.0-17.6
7.6-7.9
1.1-3.5
16.3-16.9
19240-25860
4.3
2.0
42.3
9.1
7.7
2.5
16.5
22510
0.3-14.3
1.5-3.2
2.2-81.9
2.6-115.6
7.8-8.6
0.9-3.3
6.4-46.6
19320-25510
2.9
2.1
23.2
23.5
8
1.9
29.7
22220
0.1-12.7
1.5-2.6
1.2-131.0
10.3-15.5
7.7-8.5
0.9-2.2
13.8-37.1
21700-24880
3.3
1.9
37.3
12.6
8.1
1.7
22.9
23060
0.01-85.0
1.5-3.0
1.2-1067
2.9-163.6
7.8-8.8
0.5-2.9
0.9-73.9
14170-28080
11.9
2.2
105.8
22.5
8.1
1.4
27.7
22050
CUC: the central urban core area (inside the inner-ring highway).
DDU: the developed urban area (between the inner- and middle-ring highway).
DIU: the developing urban area (between the middle- and outer-ring highway).
SU: the suburban area (outside the outer-ring highway).
TOC: total organic carbon.
S2
Table S2. Global comparison of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in lake surface sediment.
Location
Site description
THg (g/kg)
MeHg (g/kg)
Reference
Baihua Lake, China
Hg-mining area
260-38900 (12900)
0.5-27.5 (6.1)
Yan et al. (2008)
Taihu Lake, China
Near urban area
12-470
0.2-0.96
Wang et al. (2012a)
Qinghai Lake, China
Remote area
31-67
-
Wang et al. (2010)
Dianchi Lake, China
Suburban area
99-580 (290)
0.43-3.0 (1.2)
Wang et al. (2012b)
Shihwa Lake, Korea
Industrial area
16-278
0.026-0.67
Oh et al. (2010)
Geneva Lake, Switzerland
Urban area
120-1860 (930)
1.21-47.7 (12)
Bravo et al. (2011)
Ontario Lake, Canada
Rural area
19.7-501 (224)
-
Mills et al. (2007)
Spring Lake, USA
Rural area
30-230
0-4.5
Hines et al. (2004)
Ny-Ålesund Lake, Norway
Arctic
21-48
0.4-1.1
Jiang et al. (2011)
Svalbard Lake, Norway
Arctic
20-90
-
Drevnick et al. (2012)
Kusawa Lake, Canada
Arctic
19-44
-
Stern et al. (2009)
Lakes in public parks, Shanghai, China
Urban and suburban areas
20.2-496 (113)
0.02-0.24 (0.08)
Present study
Number in parentheses refers to mean.
S3
Figure S1. Location of 35 public parks in Shanghai selected along a urbanization
gradient from the central urban core area (inside the inner-ring highway)
to the suburban area (outside the outer-ring highway). The black belt
lines represent the inner-, middle- and outer-ring highways in Shanghai,
respectively.
S4
Excess
0
210
Pb activity (Bq/kg)
120
240
360
480
0
2000
0
10
15
20
25
1
2
3
4
5
0
1950
5
1900
1850
10
Estimated age (yr)
137Cs activity (Bq/kg)
Sediment depth (cm)
Sediment depth (cm)
5
1963
1800
15
30
1750
137Cs
35
20
Excess 210Pb
sediment flux
40
1700
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
Sedimentation rate (g/cm2/year)
Figure S2. Depth profiles of excess 210Pb activity and 137Cs activity and calculated
radiometric age and sediment rate of the sediment core from the Luxun
Park in the central urban core area (CUC). The peak of 137Cs activity
indicate the year of 1963.
S5
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