Surbiton High School
Q1.The diagram shows a cell.
(a)
(i)
Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
A .......................................................
B .......................................................
(2)
(ii)
The cell in the diagram is an animal cell. How can you tell it is an animal cell and
not a plant cell?
Give two reasons.
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram. Why?
Use information from the diagram.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
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Surbiton High School
(c)
The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells. Draw a ring around
the correct answer to complete the sentence.
an organ.
Scientists call a group of similar cells
a system.
a tissue.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.
In a sewage works, human waste is broken down by microorganisms.
Air is blown through this sewage.
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them
into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
Carbon dioxide is formed from the mixture of sewage, microorganisms and air. Explain
how.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 3 marks)
Q3.(a)
The diagrams show the structures of a yeast cell and a bacterial cell.
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Surbiton High School
(i)
Both the yeast cell and the bacterial cell have structures A and B.
Name structures A and B.
A .......................................................
B .......................................................
(2)
(ii)
The yeast cell and the bacterial cell have different shapes and sizes.
Give one other way in which the structure of the bacterial cell is different from
the
structure of the yeast cell.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Sourdough bread is light in texture and tastes slightly sour. The bread is made using
two types of microorganism, a yeast and a bacterium. The bacterium can make acids
such as lactic acid. The acid makes the bread taste sour.
The graph shows how the growth rates of the yeast and the bacteria change with
temperature.
Temperature in °C
(i)
Sourdough bread rises fastest at 27°C.
Use information from the graph to explain why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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Surbiton High School
(2)
(ii)
The bread tastes most sour if it rises at 32°C. Use information from the graph to explain why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
The diagram shows some of the stages by which materials are cycled in living
organisms.
(a)
In which of the stages, A, B, C or D:
(i)
are substances broken down by microbes;
....................
(ii)
is carbon dioxide made into sugar;
....................
(iii)
are plants eaten by animals?
....................
(3)
(b)
In an experiment, samples of soil were put into four beakers. A dead leaf was put onto
the soil in each beaker. The soil was kept in the conditions shown.
W
Warm and wet
X
Cold and wet
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Y
Warm and dry
Z
Warm and dry
Surbiton High School
In which beaker, W, X, Y or Z, would the dead leaf decay quickest? ...................(1)
Q5.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing.
The table shows the estimated mass of carbon dioxide exchanged with the atmosphere in
one year.
Mass of carbon dioxide exchanged with
the atmosphere in millions of tonnes
Passed out into
the atmosphere
Taken in from
the atmosphere
Plants
30
64
Animals
10
0
Microorganisms
24
0
Combustion
6
0
(a)
(i)
Calculate the total mass of carbon dioxide passed out into the atmosphere in
one year.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Answer ............................................ million tonnes
(2)
(ii)
Calculate the increase in the mass of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in one
year. You should use your answer to part (a)(i) in your calculation.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Answer ............................................ million tonnes
(2)
(b)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
decomposition.
Plants use carbon dioxide in the process of
photosynthesis.
respiration.
(1)
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Surbiton High School
(Total 5 marks)
Q6.
Brown trout are fish that kill and eat other animals.
(a)
Choose a word from this list to complete the sentence below.
competitors
consumers
prey
producers
Trout are predators, the animals they eat are their ......................................... .
(1)
(b)
The graph shows the ages of the brown trout found in the river Tees.
There was no serious pollution in the river during this time.
Suggest three reasons why few brown trout live to be over two years old.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q7.
Each autumn, many trees lose their leaves.
(a)
Describe how carbon compounds in the leaves can be recycled so that they can be
used again by the trees.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
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Surbiton High School
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(4)
(b)
(a).
Give two environmental conditions which speed up the processes that you have described in part
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8.
Coconut palms grow just above the tide line on beaches of tropical islands.
Section through a coconut fruit
The sea carries the fruit to new parts of the beach.
The embryo then puts out its first root.
Fresh water and nutrients are very deep down under the sandy beach.
Explain three ways in which the coconut palm is adapted so that its embryo plants can
spread and survive.
1 ............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................
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Surbiton High School
...............................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Q9.
The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.
(a)
Name the part of this cell that:
(i)
controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
is filled with cell sap.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Give the names of two parts of the leaf cell that would not be found in a human liver
cell.
.................................................. and ..................................................
(2)
(c)
The chloroplasts produce oxygen.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
diffusion.
The oxygen produced by the chloroplasts passes out of the cell by
digestion.
respiration.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q10.
Plants are adapted for survival in many different ways. Use information from the
drawings to answer each question.
(a)
This plant lives in ponds. The leaves of the plant float on the surface of the water.
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Surbiton High School
The leaf of this plant is adapted for floating on water. Suggest how.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
This plant lives in areas where a lot of snow falls.
The triangular shape helps the tree to survive in snowy conditions. Suggest how.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
This plant has sharp thorns on the stem.
Thorns help this plant survive. Suggest how.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
This plant lives in very dry areas.
The swollen leaves help this plant to survive in very dry places.
Suggest how.
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Surbiton High School
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q11.
Students investigated a food chain in a garden.
The students found 650 aphids feeding on one bean plant.
Five ladybirds were feeding on the aphids.
Photograph supplied by Hemera/Thinkstock
(a)
(i)
Draw a pyramid of biomass for this food chain.
Label the pyramid.
(2)
(ii)
The biomass in the five ladybirds is less than the biomass in the bean plant.
Give two reasons why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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Surbiton High School
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
The carbon in dead bean plants is returned to the atmosphere via the carbon cycle.
Describe this part of the carbon cycle.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Q12.Plant leaves have many stomata.
The diagram shows a stoma.
(a)
Name cell X . ………………………………………………..
(1)
(b)
The table shows the mean widths of the stomata at different times of the day for two
different species of plant.
Species A grows in hot, dry deserts.
Species B grows in the UK.
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Surbiton High School
Time of day in
hours
Dark
Light
Dark
Mean width of stomata as a percentage of
their maximum width
Species A
Species B
0
95
5
2
86
5
4
52
6
6
6
40
8
4
92
10
2
98
12
1
100
14
0
100
16
1
96
18
5
54
20
86
6
22
93
5
24
95
5
The data in the table show that species A is better adapted than species B to living in
hot, dry deserts.
Explain how.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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Surbiton High School
...............................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 5 marks)
Q13.A group of students investigated populations in a food chain in a garden.
The table shows the estimates of the number and biomass of some of the organisms the
students found.
Organism
Number in the
garden
Mean mass of
each one
in grams
Biomass of
population
in grams
Hedgehog
1
200
200
Slug
600
2
1200
Lettuce
60
100
(a)
(i)
Calculate the biomass of the lettuce population.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Biomass = ................................................... grams
(2)
(ii)
Use your answer to part (a)(i) to complete the pyramid of biomass.
Show the biomass of the lettuce population in the garden.
Biomass of population in grams
(2)
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Surbiton High School
(b)
The energy in the hedgehog population is much less than the energy in the slug
population.
Explain why as fully as you can.
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........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q14.
The drawing shows part of a root hair cell.
(a)
Use words from the list to label the parts of the root hair cell.
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
(4)
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Surbiton High School
(b)
The diagram shows four ways in which molecules may move into and out of a cell.
The dots show the concentration of molecules.
The cell is respiring aerobically.
Which arrow, A, B, C or D represents:
(i)
movement of oxygen molecules;
(ii)
movement of carbon dioxide molecules?
....................
....................
(2)
(c)
Name the process by which these gases move into and out of the cell.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q15.
There are plans for a ‘cattle factory’ to be built in the UK.
Information about the cattle factory and traditional cattle farming in the UK is given below.
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Surbiton High School
Cattle factory by Pirhan [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Flickr. Traditional cattle farming by Mat Fascione[CC-BY-SA-2.0],
via
Wikimedia
Commons
Cattle factory
•
There will be over 8 000 cows in three large sheds.
•
Each cow will be milked three times a day.
•
Each cow will produce about 50 litres of milk every day.
•
Waste will be collected and used to produce electricity for 2 000 homes.
•
Cows are kept near to each other so disease can spread easily.
Traditional cattle farming
•
Most farms have between 5 and 500 cows.
•
The cows spend most of the time in fields.
•
Cows are milked once or twice a day.
•
Each cow produces up to 20 litres of milk a day.
•
The waste is used as natural fertiliser for crops.
(a)
Use the information to answer the questions.
(i)
Give two reasons why some people think the cattle factory is a good idea.
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Give two reasons why some people think traditional farming is better than the
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Surbiton High School
cattle factory.
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
The diagram shows what happens to 100 kJ of energy in the food eaten by a cow on
a traditional farm.
By Dohduhdah (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Use your knowledge and the information in the diagram to answer this question.
Compare the transfer of energy from the food eaten by cows in the cattle factory with
the energy transferred by cows on a traditional farm.
Use words from the box to complete the table.
more
Energy
less
the same
Amount of energy transferred by
cows in a cattle factory compared
with cows on a traditional farm
transferred for growth and milk
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Surbiton High School
transferred in respiration
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q16.
Cells in the human body are specialised to carry out their particular function.
(a)
The diagram shows a sperm cell.
The sperm cell is adapted for travelling to, then fertilising, an egg.
(i)
How do the mitochondria help the sperm to carry out its function?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
The nucleus of the sperm cell is different from the nucleus of body cells.
Give one way in which the nucleus is different.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Stem cells from human embryos are used to treat some diseases in humans.
Explain why.
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Surbiton High School
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........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q17.
The drawing shows the cell of a bacterium.
(a)
List A gives the four structures labelled on the diagram.
List B includes information about each structure.
Draw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the
structure in List B.
List A
Structure
List B
Information
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Surbiton High School
(4)
(b)
Give two differences between an animal cell and the cell of a bacterium.
1 .....................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.
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Surbiton High School
Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in the box.
(1)
(d)
Complete the following sentence.
Oxygen is taken into the cell by the process of .............................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
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Surbiton High School
M1.(a)
(i)
A = nucleus
1
B = (cell) membrane
1
(ii)
any two from:
ignore shape
•
no (cell) wall
•
no (large / permanent) vacuole
•
no chloroplasts / chlorophyll
2
(b)
because high to low oxygen / concentration or down gradient
allow ‘more / a lot of oxygen molecules outside’
ignore along / across gradient
1
(c)
a tissue
1
[6]
M2.
Quality of written communication: One mark for using correct scientific
terms microorganisms and respiration
1
(air contains) oxygen
1
(microorganisms break down human waste) by respiration (which releases
carbon dioxide)
1
[3]
M3.(a)
(i)
A = (cell) wall
ignore cellulose
1
B = cytoplasm
1
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Surbiton High School
(ii)
any one from:
accept has DNA instead of a nucleus, but not just has DNA
•
bacterial cell / it has no nucleus
allow no mitochondria
•
DNA free in cytoplasm
ignore size
•
has no vacuole / no vesicles
ignore strands of DNA
1
(b)
(i)
yeast grows best / better / well or optimum temperature for yeast / more yeast present
allow yeast works best / better / well
1
(yeast) makes CO2 or respires / respiration
allow fermentation
1
(ii)
bacterium grows best / better / well / more bacteria present or optimum temperature for
bacterium
ignore microorganisms / microbes
allow works / respires best / better / well
1
(bacterium) makes (lactic) acid
do not allow wrong acid
1
[7]
M4.
(a)
(i)
D
(ii)
A
(iii)
B
for 1 mark each
3
(b)
W
for one mark
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Surbiton High School
1
M5.
(a)
(i)
70
award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of working
allow 1 mark for 30 + 10 + 24 + 6 (with wrong answer or no answer), do not
award this sum if other figure(s) are included in the addition
2
(ii)
6
award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of working
award 2 marks for correct answer to (a)(i) – 64 (ecf)
award 1 mark either for 70 – 64 or answer to (a)(i) – 64 with no answer or
incorrect answer
2
(b)
photosynthesis.
1
[5]
M6.
(a)
prey
for 1 mark
1
(b)
•
disease
•
eaten (by predators) / predators
•
(over)fished / caught by fishermen
•
competition for food / not enough food (for all the baby fish) / no food
(do not allow they migrate or move elsewhere)
any three for 1 mark each
3
[4]
M7.
(a)
Quality of written communication:
ideas given in a sensible order
broken down
giving products (could be CO2, minerals or gas)
(used by trees)
Q
or Q
1
any three from:
•
microorganisms / bacteria / fungi / saprotrophs
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Surbiton High School
•
accept saprophytes / saprobionts / detritivores (named)
•
digest / break down organic matter / leaves / decompose / reference
decomposers / decay / rot
•
use of enzymes / correct named example
•
absorption by diffusion / active
•
transport
must be of breakdown products
•
respiration / combustion
•
release of carbon dioxide
CO2 can be used (by trees) in photosynthesis
do not accept CO2 taken in by roots
3
(b)
any two from:
•
warmth / suitable temperature
do not accept heat / hot weather
•
damp / water / rain / humid / moisture
•
oxygen
•
suitable pH
2
[6]
M8.
ideas that
•
trees hang over the sea / grow close to the sea / on the shore – coconuts drop into
the sea. or similar (not just simply ‘spread)
•
wax / fibres (trapped air) – stop the fruit sinking / provide water resistance
•
water store – supply water until root reaches a supply
•
nutrient store – supply nutrients/salts until root reaches supply
•
hard shell – to protect from breakage on landing / to protect the embryo from
feeding animals.
[Award maximum of 1 mark for 2 survival / spread features or 1 survival + 1
spread feature]
for
‘Fibres stop the fruit sinking’
‘Wax provides water resistance’
Award 2 marks
any three for 1 mark each
[3]
M9.
(a)
(i)
(cell) membrane
1
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Surbiton High School
(ii)
vacuole
1
(b)
any two from:
•
(cell) wall
•
chloroplast(s)
ignore chlorophyll
•
vacuole
ignore cell sap
2
(c)
diffusion
1
[5]
M10.
(a)
large area
allow thin / large / big / flat / light
allow adaptations that cannot be seen eg internal air spaces
1
(b)
(shape means that) snow falls off
1
(c)
protect / stop it being eaten
1
(d)
stores/ absorbs water (from other parts of the plant)
ignore absorbs water from soil / air
ignore nutrients
1
M11.
(a)
(i)
triangular pyramid with 3 layers
may be as blocks or as triangle
ignore food chains and arrows
1
layers appropriately labelled:
bean / plant
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Surbiton High School
aphid,
ladybird
labelled in food chain order must not contradict correct pyramid
allow correctly labelled inverted pyramid for 2 marks
1
(ii)
any two from:
(for aphid / ladybird)
ignore energy
•
not all digested / faeces
•
loss in urine
•
loss of CO2
ignore loss of CO2 from bean plant
•
not all eaten
if none of first 3 points given then allow waste (materials) / excretion for 1
mark
2
(b)
microorganisms / microbes / bacteria / fungi / decomposers / detritivores /named
do not accept germs
allow mould
ignore aphids
1
decay / breakdown / digest / decompose / rot (bean plant)
ignore eat
1
respiration (of microorganisms etc / aphids)
allow burning / combustion
1
carbon dioxide released (from respiration of microorganisms etc / aphids)
allow carbon dioxide released / produced (from burning / combustion)
ignore other parts of the carbon cycle
ignore formation of fossil fuels
1
[8]
M12.(a)
guard cell
ignore stoma / stomata
1
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Surbiton High School
(b)
Species A :
allow converse points for species B
stomata open in dark / at night or close in light / in day
1
stomata closed during warm(est) period or open when cool(er)
1
heat (energy) /warmth increases evaporation / transpiration
must give explicit link between heat and transpiration
1
reduces water loss / evaporation / transpiration
ignore photosynthesis
1
[5]
M13.(a)
(i)
6000
award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of working
allow 1 mark for 60 × 100 with incorrect or no answer
allow answer in table if answer line blank
2
(ii)
bar width 6000 or to match answer to (a)(i)
anywhere on scale ignore depth / height of bar
1
drawn below slugs
label not required
1
(b)
any three from:
ignore references to number / size / mass of organisms
assume reference is to / of hedgehog unless stated otherwise
•
respiration (by hedgehog)
do not accept idea that respiration uses / produces energy
•
faeces (of hedgehog) or (slug) not absorbed (by hedgehog) or (slug) not digested (by
hedgehog)
•
excreted / urine / urea (by hedgehog)
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Surbiton High School
accept waste for 1 mark if neither faeces nor excretion point made
•
not all slug (s) eaten (by hedgehogs) or some slugs eaten by other things or not all parts (of
slug) eaten
ignore (some) slugs die
•
movement (by hedgehog)
•
heat (from hedgehog)
allow appropriate references to biomass lost by these methods, rather than
energy losses
3
[7]
M14.
(a)
(cell) wall
(cell) membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
for 1 mark each
4
(b)
(i)
A
(ii)
B
for 1 mark each
2
(c)
diffusion
(reject osmosis)
for 1 mark
1
[7]
M15.
(a)
(i)
any two from:
•
more milk
(about) 50 litres milk compared to (up to) 20 litres / 30 litres more
ignore costs / profit
•
electricity produced
•
farmers can keep more cows in the space
answers must refer to number of cows and space
2
(ii)
any two from:
•
less stress for cow or not cruel to cow or cows have
freedom to move around
ignore references to ethical / unnatural without qualification
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Surbiton High School
•
crops fertilised
•
less disease or disease not as easily spread
2
(b)
more
1
less
in this order
1
[6]
M16.
(a)
(i)
release energy
allow provide / supply / give energy
do not accept produce / create / generate / make energy
do not allow release energy for respiration
1
(ii)
contain half the (number of) chromosomes or contains
one set of chromosomes or contains 23 chromosomes
allow genetic information / DNA / genes / alleles instead of chromosomes
accept haploid
1
(b)
any two from:
•
(stem cells) are unspecialised / undifferentiated
allow description eg ‘no particular job’
•
are able to become differentiated
or can form other types of cell / tissue / organ
•
stem cells can / able to divide / multiply
2
[4]
M17.
(a)
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Surbiton High School
all four correct = 4 marks
three correct = 3 marks
two correct = 2 marks
one correct = 1 mark
extra line from a statement cancels the mark
4
(b)
any two from:
•
nucleus
•
no cell wall
•
separate chromosomes
2
(c)
A
1
(d)
diffusion
[8]
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