Drainage
Grade IX
Glossary
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Drainage- A system of flowing water from the higher level to the lower level.
River – A natural stream of flowing water from a mountain/ lake/ spring to the sea, lake or another water body.
Lake – A deep and vast depression on the surface of the earth filled with water.
Dendritic Pattern – The stream with its tributaries resembling the branches of the trees.
Trellis Pattern – The tributaries joining the main stream at the right angles.
Radial Pattern – the streams flowing in different directions from a central peak.
Centrifugal Pattern- Streams emerging from all sides towards the central depression.
Perennial Rivers- Rivers which flow throughout the year.
Tributary – A small stream or river which joins another big river.
Distributary- A channel which branches of from the main river and carry away a part of its water.
Meanders – Winding sections or loops of river that swing from side to side as it flows over a level tract normally along its lower course.
Delta- A more or less triangular and level tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river entering a relatively quite body of a river.
Estuary – Tidal mouth of a river where sweet and salty waters freely mix together.
Source of the River – the place the river originates.
Mouth of the river – the place where the river empties itself in the sea or the lake.
River valley – the path followed by the river to its mouth.
Drainage Basin – the entire area in which the river and its tributaries flow.
Water divide or water shed – the higher area separating two drainage basins.
Catchment area – the upland area from which the river draws its water.
The river forms a variety of landforms through its erosion, transportation and deposition throughout its course from the source to mouth.
The Indus River System: it rises in Tibet (near the lake Mansarovar)
Features: Gentle slope, one of the longest rivers of the world. Indus basin – in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and
Pakistan
The Ganga River System: Headwaters of Ganga- Bhagirathi (source – Gangotri Glacier) and Alaknanda (source – Alkapuri glacier) join at
Devprayag.
The Brahmaputra Basin – it rises in Tibet east of lake Mansarovar
Features: longer course, in Tibet there is less volume of water, less silt as it is a cold, dry area. In India, the river passes through a region of
heavy rainfall, carries large amount of water and lot of silt (layer of fine particles, carried and deposited by rivers)
The Narmada Basin – it rises in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.
Features: It flows in a rift valley (trough), drains into Gulf of Khambhat by an estuary (a funnel shaped mouth of a river, river joins the sea
directly without depositing the silt)
The Tapi Basin – it rises in Satpura range in Madhya Pradesh. Flows in rift valley parallel to Narmada basin- Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and
Maharashtra.
The Godavari Basin – It rises from the slope of Western Ghats in Nasik. Largest peninsular river. Basin – Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Orissa, Andhra Pradesh. Because of its length and area it covers, it is called Dakshin Ganga.
The Mahanadi Basin – it rises in hills of Chhattisgarh. Drainage basin – Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa.
The Krishna Basin – it rises from the spring in Mahabaleshwar. Basin – Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
The Kaveri Basin – it rises in Brahmagiri range in Western Ghats. Basin – Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Gorge – in the hilly areas when river passes through the bed of hard rocks, the main action is cutting resulting in narrow steep side valley.
Eg: River Satluj, Indus, Brahmaputra, Gandak, Kosi cut the deep gorges in the Himalayas.
V- Shaped valleys – They are formed in areas of sufficient rainfall where the rocks are not hard. Down cutting, side cutting are done
simultaneously.
Waterfalls – when the river water falls down almost vertically from the sufficient height along the course of the river it forms the waterfalls.
Eg: Jog Falls, Dhuandhar falls
Alluvial plains: it is a fan shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto
a flatter plain.
Floodplain: it is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding.
Braided Channels: in streams having highly variable discharge and easily eroded banks, sediments gets deposited to form the bars and the
36.
islands that are exposed during the periods of low discharge. In such a stream the water flows in a braided form around the bars and the
islands, dividing and reuniting as it flows downstream.
Dendritic pattern: it is derived from Dendron meaning a tree and develops on uniform rock pattern.
Important Questions and answer:
1.
Ans
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
State the differences between the Himalayan Rivers and the Peninsular Rivers
Himalayan Rivers
Peninsular Rivers
These rivers are snow and rain fed. As a result the water always
Most of these rivers are rain fed and as a result there is very little or
flows through these rivers.
no water during the dry winter season.
Most of these rivers flow on the plain land and there is proper
These rivers flow on the plateaus and the navigation is not possible
navigation and irrigation facility.
always. Only in some parts the irrigation is possible.
The rivers are tender aged and new. They can change their
These rivers are old. They cannot change their directions.
directions.
There are many ox-bow lakes and islands at the mouth of these
There are islands but there are no lakes on the course of these
rivers.
rivers.
There are many branches and the tributaries of these rivers and form There are few branches of these rivers and have comparatively small
large drainage basins.
drainage basins.
The rivers of the north are long and there are many cities and the
They are not so long and there are few cities on these rivers.
towns on both sides of the rivers.
These rivers are new so they cause soil erosion and deposition.
These rivers being old they cause much of the soil erosion.
These rivers being new, proportionate slopes are found in all these
We cannot see the proportionate slopes on these rivers as they are
rivers. They can be said to be the model rivers.
very old.
2.
Ans
Give the different names of river Brahmaputra.
The different names are:
Tibet: Tsangpo ;
Arunachal Pradesh- Dihang;
Assam(after the confluence of Lohit, Dihang and Dibang)- Brahmaputra;
Northern Bangladesh- Jamuna
Central Bangladesh- Padma
Southern Bangladesh- Meghna
3.
Ans
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the peninsular India.
East Flowing Rivers
West Flowing Rivers
These rivers drain in the Bay of Bengal.
These rivers drain in the Arabian Sea.
These rivers form the deltas.
These rivers form the estuaries.
The tributaries of these rivers are large in size.
The tributaries of these rivers are smaller in size.
These rivers flow through the shallow or the mature valleys
These rivers flow through rift valleys.
Examples: Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna.
Examples: Narmada, Tapi
Which two Peninsular rivers flow through troughs?
Narmada and Tapi.
What is our national water budget like? Why is it as important as our food budget?
Our total surface water resource is:
167 million hectare metres (mhm), out of which only 66 mhm is utilizable for irrigation purposes. Our target is to use it all by 2010 A.D. Out of
40 mhm of the underground water, only 10mhm is utilized.
The water resource is important for irrigation, domestic use, industrial use, generation of hydel power, maintenance of underground water
level in order to maintain soil moisture.
However, the availability of water for use in India is inadequate because:
1. Water is being wasted due to high evaporation rate and rapid run off, and floods.
2. Lack of financial and technological resources stands in the way of making optimum use and to divert surplus water to dry areas.
These facts lead to water scarcity and desertification. Therefore water budget is as important as food budget.
4.
Ans
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Ans
6.
Ans
Mention the main features of the treaties with Pakistan and Bangladesh about the use of the river water.
1. India has entered into Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan.
2. The Indus river basin was divided with Pakistan having effective control of the three western rivers- Indus, Jhelum and Chenab and
India having the control over the three eastern rivers- Ravi, Sutlej, Beas.
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India is obliged to let flow the waters of the western rivers to Pakistan- India can only use the waters for household and agricultural
purposes.
India can use only 20 percent of the total water carried by Indus river system.
India has entered into a treaty with Bangladesh with regard to the sharing of the Ganga water.
7.
Ans
Floods and famines are the two sides of the same problem. Comment.
Floods and famines both are related to availability of water either in excess or in paucity. Floods are caused because of the excessive supply
of water and famines are caused largely because of the droughts due to the non-availability of water.
These are twin problems and need to be solved in an integrated fashion. The excessive water can be stored and channelized to water thirsty
or drought affected areas through the inundation and permanent irrigation canals. Areas with heavy rainfall call for efficient drainage system
to minimize damage to crops and property. Multi-purpose river valley projects are the right answer to resolve the problems in all its
dimensions.
8.
Ans
9.
Ans
Where was the first hydel power station set up?
Sivasamudram on the river Kaveri in the old Mysore state, now part of Karnataka since 1902.
Which was the first multi-purpose river valley project set up after independence?
Damodar river valley project was set up on river Damodar in Jharkhand. Once “a river of sorrow” has now brought considerable prosperity to
the entire valley lying in Jharkhand and West Bengal.
10.
Ans
What is common between river Damodar and river Kosi?
Both have been known as “ rivers of sorrow”:
1. Damodar in Jharkhand and Kosi in North Bihar.
11.
Ans
Name two salt water lakes on the eastern coast of India.
Chilika Lake and Pulicat lake.
12.
Ans
Which is the largest tributary of the Ganga?
Or
Name the largest tributary of river Ganga.
Yamuna
13.
Ans
Which is the main watershed in Peninsular India?
The main watershed in peninsular India is formed by the Western Ghats which is quiet close to the Western Coast.
14.
What is National River Conservation Plan?
Multiple Choice Questions:
1.
The river Narmada has its source at:
(a)
Satpura
(b) Brahmagiri
(c) Amarkantak
(d) Slopes of Western Ghats
Wular lake is located in:
(a)
Rajasthan
(b) Punjab
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Which of the following river has the largest drainage basin in the world
(a)
River Nile
(b) River Ganga
(c) River Amazon
(d) River Mississippi
Given below are the names of the salt water lakes of the eastern coast of India. Find out the names of the lakes.
(a)
Chilika and Pulicat
(b) Pulicat and Wular
(c) Chilkhand and Wular
(d) Wular and Sambhar
Total length of River Ganga drainage basin is:
(a)
2525 km
(b) 2900 km
(c) 2800 km
(d) 321290 km
The Dihang and Lohit are the tributaries of river_____________
(a)
Mahanadi
(b) Narmada
(c) Godavari
(d) Brahmaputra
Which of the following is the origin place of river Indus?
(a)
Alaknanda and
(b) Kailash and
(c) Mansarovar
(d) Amarkantak
Bhagirathi
Mansarovar
When was Indus Water Treaty signed?
(a)
In 1961
(b) In 1962
(c) In 1965
(d) In 1960
A total of ____________ schemes of pollution abatement have been sanctioned and so far ___________ schemes have been completed
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under The Ganga Action Plan (GAP).
(a)
215 and 79
(b) 215 and 61
(c) 205 and 69
(d) 215 and 68
Which of the following describes the drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree?
(a)
Radial
(b) Centrifugal
(c) Dendritic
(d) Trellis
A river along with its tributaries is known as:
(a)
Drainage pattern
(b) River system
(c) Delta
(d) Estuaries
(i) It is known for Bengal Tiger and Sundari trees
(ii) It is the most fertile region.
(iii) It has a large island
The given above three characteristics hold true for:
(a)
The Brahmaputra
(b) The Tapi Basin
(c) The Ganga river system
(d) Ganga- Brahmaputra river system
river system
Which among the following rivers flows through a rift valley:
(a)
Damodar
(b) Tungabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
Given below are the features made by the rivers. Find out which is the correct sequence of these features:
(i)
Source of the river
(ii)
Upper course
(iii)
Middle course
(iv)
Meander
(v)
Ox-bow lake
(vi)
Lower course
(vii)
Delta
(a)
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(i),(ii), (iii), (iv), (v),
(b) (i), (iii), (iv),(v), (ii),
(c) (vii), (vi), (v), (iv),(iii),
(d) (vi),(vii),(iv),(v),(iii),(ii),(i)
(vi), (vii)
(vii), (vi)
(ii),(i)
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is build on river
(a)
Kaveri
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
(d) Narmada
The activities of the Ganga Action Plan(GAP) Phase I, initiated in ________________ were declared closed on_____________:
(a)
1985,31st March 2000 (b) 1985, 1st March
(c) 1985, 2nd April 1986
(d) 1985, 31st May 1986
2000
The Peninsular River known as Dakshin Ganga is
(a)
Narmada
(b) Tapi
(c) Godavari
Two rivers which form the estuaries are:
(a)
Ganga and
(b) Narmada and Tapi (c) Mahanadi and Tapi
Brahmaputra
A delta is formed at the :
(a)
Meander
(b) Upper course
(c) Middle course
Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a)
Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
Which one of the following is the longest river of the peninsular India?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a)
Damodar
(b) Krishna
(c) Tungabhadra
Which one of the following is the correct definition of the drainage basin?
(a)
The area drained by
(b) The area drained
(c) The area drained by a
the single river
by the two rivers
large river
system
Most of the Himalayan rivers are:
(a)
Seasonal
(b) Receive water from (c) Receive water from the
rain only
melted snow only
Which river has the largest basin in India?
(a)
Yamuna
(b) Ganga
(c) Narmada
Which of the following statements is correct about the peninsular rivers:
(d)
Krishna
(d)
Narmada and Mahanadi
(d)
Mouth of the river
(d)
Gobind Sagar
(d)
Mahanadi
(d)
Tapi
(d)
The area drained by the perennial river
(d)
Perennial and receive water from rain as
well as from the melted snow
(d)
Kaveri
(a)
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Most of them
(b) Most of them
(c) Most of them originate in (d) Most of them originate in the Central
originate in the
originate in the
the Central Highlands
Highlands and flow to the east
Western Ghats and
Eastern Ghats and
and flow to the west
flow towards the Bay
flow towards
of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Which river rises in Tibet near Lake Mansarovar:
(a)
Ganga
(b) Brahmaputra
(c) Indus
(d) Yamuna
Which one of the following rivers does not join with the rivers to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan?
(a)
Satluj
(b) Beas
(c) Ganga
(d) Ravi
According to the regulations of the Indus Water Treaty (1960) how much water can be used by India from the Indus River System?
(a)
10 percent
(b) 20 percent
(c) 30 percent
(d) 40 percent
Where is Bhagirathi joined by Alaknanda?
(a)
Prayag
(b) Haridwar
(c) Devprayag
(d) Rishikesh
Which of the following rivers does not originate from the Himalayas?
(a)
The Yamuna
(b) The Gandak
(c) The Narmada
(d) The Kosi
Which of the following rivers does not rise in the Nepal Himalayas?
(a)
Ghaghara
(b) Gandak
(c) Kosi
(d) Yamuna
From the following which of the two rivers of the peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Kosi
(c) Kaveri
(d) Godavari
What is the length of Indus river?
(a)
2800 km
(b) 2900 km
(c) 3000km
(d) 3100km
Where does river Yamuna meet the Ganga?
(a)
Banaras
(b) Haridwar
(c) Allahabad
(d) Rishikesh
Which one is not the main tributary of the Ganga that comes from the peninsular uplands?
(a)
Chambal
(b) Betwa
(c) Son
(d) Godavari
Which river takes a U turn at the Namcha Barwa and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh?
(a)
Brahmaputra
(b) Ganga
(c) Kosi
(d) Tapi
Which river is known as Jamuna in Bangladesh?
(a)
Yamuna
(b) Brahmaputra
(c) Ganga
(d) Tungabhadra
Which river joins the Ganga in Bangladesh?
(a)
Brahmaputra
(b) Yamuna
(c) Chambal
(d) Betwa
Which one of the following rivers is the largest peninsular river?
(a)
Tapi
(b) Kaveri
(c) Godavari
(d) Wardha
Which river is known as Dakshin Ganga?
(a)
Godavari
(b) Tapi
(c) Narmada
(d) Kaveri
Which of the following lakes is the result of the tectonic activity?
(a)
Wular lake
(b) Dal lake
(c) Bhimtal
(d) Loktak
Which of the following peninsular rivers makes the second biggest waterfall Sivasamudram – in India?
(a)
Kaveri
(b) Godavari
(c) Mahanadi
(d) Krishna
Which is the largest fresh water lake in India?
(a)
Wular lake
(b) Dal lake
(c) Sambhar lake
(d) Pulicat lake
Which of the following lakes has been formed by the damming of the rivers for the generation of hydel power?
(a)
Guru Gobind Sagar
(b) Dal Lake
(c) Wular lake
(d) Pulicat lake
What is an area drained by a single river called?
(a)
Drainage
(b) Drainage basin
(c) Water divide
(d) All of these
Which among the following rivers has a shorter and shallower course?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Ganga
(c) Indus
(d) Godavari
Which of the following drainage patterns develop where hard and soft rocks exists parallel to each other?
(a)
Dendritic
(b) Radial
(c) Trellis
(d) Rectangular
In which course do the Himalayan rivers carry out the erosion activities?
(a)
Upper course
(b) Middle course
(c) Lower course
(d) Middle course and lower course
In which of the following drainage patterns do the tributaries resembles branches into tree?
(a)
Radial pattern
(b) Trellis pattern
(c) Dendritic pattern
(d) Rectangular pattern
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A large number of peninsular rivers are :
(a)
Perennial
(b) Seasonal
(c) Long in length
Name the two Himalayan rivers
(a)
Indus and Yamuna
(b) Ganga and
(c) Satluj and Meghna
Brahmaputra
What is a river system?
(a)
A river along with its
(b) Area drained by a
(c) A river system of an area
tributaries
river system
Which of the tributaries of river Indus?
(a)
Son
(b) Satluj
(c) Beas
Which of the following is the source of river Ganga?
(a)
Siachen glacier
(b) Yamunotri glacier
(c) Gangotri glacier
Name the largest riverine island formed by the river Brahmaputra.
(a)
Majuli
(b) Tsangpo
(c) Dihang
Which of the following rivers form deltas on east coast?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Mahanadi
(c) Godavari
Which of the following rivers form estuaries?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Godavari
(c) Tapi
Which one of the following rivers has a small drainage basin?
(a)
Godavari
(b) Narmada
(c) Tapi
Which one of the following rivers drains into Bay of Bengal?
(a)
Ganga
(b) Godavari
(c) Narmada
Which among the following rivers have shorter and shallower course?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Ganga
(c) Indus
Which is the source of river Narmada?
(a)
Mahadeo hills
(b) Amarkantak hills
(c) Satpura range
Which of the following is located on the banks of river Narmada?
(a)
Marble rocks
(b) Pir Panjal
(c) Jog Falls
Name the drainage pattern formed by river Narmada.
(a)
Dendritic
(b) Trellis
(c) Rectangular
Which is the source of river Tapi?
(a)
Dendritic
(b) Trellis
(c) Rectangular
Which states are drained by river Tapi?
(a)
Maharashtra,
(b) Madhya Pradesh,
(c) Gujarat, Madhya
Karnataka, Gujarat
Maharashtra,
Pradesh, Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Most of the coastal west flowing rivers are short because:
(a)
The coastal plains
(b) The coastal plains
(c) The coastal plains
between the eastern
between the
between the western
ghats and Arabian
western ghats and
ghats and Arabian Sea
Sea are narrow
Arabian Sea are
are broad
narrow
In which part of peninsular India water divide is formed?
(a)
Eastern ghats
(b) Western ghats
(c) Western coast
Which is the source of river Godavari?
(a)
Amarkantak hills
(b) Satpura range
(c) Western ghats
What is the length of river Godavari?
(a)
2900 km
(b) 1500 kms
(c) 1400 kms
Which one of the states receives maximum water from river Godavari?
(a)
Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
Which one of them is the tributary of river Godavari?
(a)
River Periyar
(b) River Penganga
(c) River Musi
What is the length of river Mahanadi?
(d)
None of these
(d)
Ganga and Chenab
(d)
Elevated area separating drainage basin
(d)
Both (b) and (c)
(d)
None of these
(d)
Kenul
(d)
Both (b) and (c)
(d)
Both (a) and (b)
(d)
All of these
(d)
Both (a) and (b)
(d)
Godavari
(d)
Jaintia hills
(d)
All of these
(d)
Radial
(d)
Radial
(d)
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
(d)
The coastal plains between the eastern
ghats and Bay of Bengal are narrow
(d)
Eastern coast
(d)
Eastern ghats
(d)
1200 kms
(d)
Orissa
(d)
Both (a) and (b)
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(a)
860 kms
(b) 1500 kms
(c) 1400 kms
Which of the following states does river Mahanadi flow into the sea?
(a)
Jharkhand
(b) Orissa
(c) Chhattisgarh
What is the source of river Krishna?
(a)
Mansarovar lake
(b) Mahabaleshwar
(c) Jog falls
What is the length of the river Krishna?
(a)
860 kms
(b) 760 kms
(c) 1400 kms
Which one of the following is a tributary of river Krishna?
(a)
River Musi
(b) River Wardha
(c) River Tungabhadra
Which one of the following river drains the state of Maharashtra?
(a)
Narmada
(b) Tapi
(c) Krishna
Which one of the following rivers forms the second biggest waterfall in India?
(a)
Godavari
(b) Krishna
(c) Kaveri
Which one of the following rivers is called Dakshin Ganga?
(a)
Ganga
(b) Godavari
(c) Indus
Which one of the following rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal?
(a)
Godavari
(b) Tapi
(c) Krishna
Which is the biggest waterfall in India?
(a)
Jog Fall
(b) Sivasamudram
(c) Mahabaleshwar
Which two peninsular rivers flow through the trough?
(a)
Narmada and
(b) Tapi and Godavari (c) Narmada and Tapi
Mahanadi
Which of the following states are drained by river Kaveri?
(a)
Karnataka
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Tamil Nadu
In which state is Chilika lake situated?
(a)
Orissa
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
What kind or a resource is water?
(a)
Natural
(b) Renewable
(c) Precious
How have the rivers played an important role of history?
(a)
They were used for
(b) Most civilisations
(c) They have been
domestic activities
came up along the
important for trade within
river banks
countries
Which one of the following sectors require water
(a)
Agriculture
(b) Industrial
(c) Electricity
Which of the following factors have contributed have contributed to pollution of rivers?
(a)
Increasing population (b) Less availability of
(c) Lack of the clean water
freshwater
Which one of the following action plans were initiated by government to clean river Ganga?
(a)
GAP-I
(b) NRCP
(c) GAP-II
The growing demand of water from river affects its:
(a)
Quality
(b) Quantity
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Which one of the following lakes differs from the rest of the group?
(a)
Nainital lake
(b) Dal lake
(c) Bhimtal lake
What type of the drainage patterns is formed by river Ganga river system?
(a)
Radial
(b) Dendritic
(c) Trellis
Important Questions
What is the importance of the water resources?
What is a river basin? Which is the largest river basin in India?
What is meant by the watershed? Which is the main watershed in the Peninsular India?
(d)
760 kms
(d)
Andhra Pradesh
(d)
Nasik
(d)
1500 kms
(d)
Both (a) and (c)
(d)
Both (b) and (c)
(d)
Mahanadi
(d)
Mahanadi
(d)
Both (a) and (c)
(d)
None of these
(d)
Krishna and Kaveri
(d)
Both (a) and (c)
(d)
Kerala
(d)
All of these
(d)
All of the above
(d)
All of these
(d)
Lack of the government policies
(d)
Both (a) and (c)
(d)
No effect
(d)
The Guru Gobind Sagar lake
(d)
Parallel
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What is drainage pattern? Explain the major drainage patterns in India.
Why the rivers are considered the lifelines of the human civilization?
Give a brief account of the rivers in India.
Name the three important rivers that originate beyond the Himalayas.
Which are the two most holy rivers of the Northern plains? Where do they rise and meet? Name four important tributaries of each. How do
these two groups of tributaries differ from each other?
What are canyons?
Name the three main Himalayan river systems?
Where does the river Indus rise?
Explain the main features of the Indus system.
Describe the main features of the Ganga river system.
Explain the main features of the Brahmaputra river system.
Describe the features of the Ganga- Brahmaputra Delta.
Name the main rivers of southern India and describe their courses.
Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the peninsular India.
Which two peninsular rivers flow through the troughs?
Compare and contrast the salient features of the river system of North and South India.
Describe in brief the features of the principal river basins in South India.
Name the rivers draining into the Arabian Sea and in Bay of Bengal. Which of the two drainage areas is larger?
Why the South Indian rivers are not navigable?
Inspite of the high rainfall in Konkan areas there is water scarcity during the dry months. Why?
Compare the Himalayan rivers with those of the plateaus.
Mention the main features of the treaties with Pakistan and Bangladesh about the use of the river water.
What do you mean by the river valley projects?
Why the multipurpose projects are called the “new temples of modern India”?
Floods and famines are the two sides of the same problem. Comment.
Where was the first hydel power station set up?
Which was the first multi-purpose river valley project set up after independence?
What is common between river Damodar and river Kosi?
What is a large dam? Give the main arguments against the large dams.
Discuss how it can be ensured that the large dams do not threat the environment.
Give a brief description of lakes in India.
Name two salt water lakes on the eastern coast of India.
Which is the largest man-made lake in India?
Which are the highest falls in India?
Where is Chukha located? What is it known for?
What steps would you suggest for development of water resources in India?
State the major sources of water pollution.
Suggest measures to reduce water pollution.
State in brief the principal features of the Ganga Action Plan.
Differentiate between drainage and a drainage basin? Which river has the largest drainage basin in India and in the world?
What are the main factors for the formation of drainage patterns? What are different patterns? How these patterns develop?
After being joined by its tributaries, how does the Ganga flow into the Bay of Bengal?
What are the different types of lakes in india?
Write a short note on the fresh water lakes.
What are the causes of the river pollution?
What is a river basin?
What is meant by the water divide? Give one example.
Which is the largest tributary of river Ganga?
Which city is located at the confluence of the river Ganga and Yamuna?
Name the glaciers from which the rivers Ganga and Yamuna originate.
Which is the main watershed in Peninsular India?
Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
What is the Indus Water Treaty?
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Which is the largest river basin in India?
Name the two head streams for Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
Name two large rivers which flow in the Arabian sea.
Which river system constitutes the Northern Plains?
Name the states through which Narmada river flows.
Name the states through which river Mahanadi flows.
Name a major river of Tamil Nadu.
Name the longest westward flowing river of peninsular India.
Where is the Luni river situated?
Name the bay in which river Krishna drains its water.
Which two Peninsular rivers flow through troughs?
Name the two salt water lakes on the eastern coast of India.
Name the west flowing river south of the Vindhyas.
Name the bay in which river Mahanadi falls.
Name the city where Yamuna joins river Ganga.
Name one river which forms a delta and one river which forms an estuary.
Name two states through which Damodar river flows.
What do you mean by a lake?
What do you mean by inland drainage?
How is water the savior of life?
What do you mean by dendritic pattern of streams?
What do you mean by trellis?
What do you mean by radical pattern of streams?
What is a braided stream?
Why the Brahmaputra in the Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
Write two differences between glacier and river. Name one glacier lying in Uttaranchal. Also, name the river rising from this glacier.
What is a lake? How lakes are formed?
Into how many categories Indian rivers can be classified?
What is the National River Conservation Plan (N.R.C.P.)?
Name the three major rivers of the Indian subcontinent which originate beyond the Himalayas.
Which typical features these rivers have formed while crossing over Himalayas?
Name the source area from where these river originate.
Write any four characteristics of the Ganga Brahmaputra Delta.
Distinguish between a tributary and distributary.
Compare the east flowing and west flowing rivers of Peninsular plateau.
Discuss different rivers of the Himalayan region.
Or
Name the three Himalayan river systems. Give two tributaries of each.
Discuss the significant differences between Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.
Give a brief account of different Peninsular rivers
Why are the rivers important for the country’s economy?
Give main arguments against the large dams. Discuss how it can be ensured that the large dams do not threat the environment.
How water gets polluted? Suggest measures to reduce the water pollution of water.
Or
What are the causes of water pollution?
What do you mean by a lake? Name the most important lakes of India. How are they useful?
On what basis are drainage basins classified?
Why river Godavari is also called “Dakshin Ganga”? Name the two tributaries of the of Godavari that are large in size.
Write a note on Sivasmundaram.
Name the largest west flowing river. Also name the two ranges and two states through which this river flows.
State the difference between natural and artificial lakes.
Which two Peninsular rivers flow westwards? Mention one similarity and one difference between the two rivers.