Name:__________________________________________________________________________________________________
FCAT Review – Earth Science – Week 1
Day 1: Earth Structures and Patterns
Bellwork: Differentiate between physical and chemical weathering
Type of
weathering
Explanation of type
Agents for weathering
Physical weathering
1.
Chemical weathering
1.
Powerpoint Review Guided Notes:
Differentiate between weathering, erosion, and deposition
1. ________________________ is the breaking down of rocks and other materials on the earth’s surface.
There are 2 types of weathering: Physical and Chemical (bellwork)
2. Erosion is the _________________________ of weathered material from one place to another. Erosion
occurs faster on barren land than on land covered with vegetation. (plant roots hold soil in place)
3. Deposition is when soil, rocks, or other sediment are ______________________, or left, somewhere
different than where they started. Deposition occurs as the agents of deposition slow down and lose
energy
Explain the composition of the layers of the Earth.
The Earth has 3 main layers: the crust, mantle and the core
 ________________: the brittle, rocky _________________ layer of Earth. Very thin compared to other
layers, like the shell of an egg. Two types: Oceanic Crust – crust under the oceans and Continental Crust
– crust on land (thicker
 ________________: thick middle layer in the solid part of the Earth.
Uppermost Mantle (Lithosphere) similar rocks to that of the crust; Asthenosphere - heated rocks begin
to melt and flow slowly underneath the lithosphere. Upper Mantle - higher temperatures and high
pressure cause rocks to stop melting and become solid again
Lower Mantle - most dense part of the mantle
 _________: dense and metallic center of the Earth, composed mainly of iron and a small amount of nickel
Explain how the changes in rocks within the rock cycle relates to weathering, erosion, and deposition
Sedimentary rock: Rocks found close to the surface, less dense,
formed from _________________________, erosion, and deposition.
Metamorphic rock: Rocks found deeper down and formed where
___________________ and _____________ are high. . . . like where
tectonic plates collides.
Igneous Rock: Igneous rocks form when ________________ rock
cools and becomes solid.
ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN EVENTUALLY BE BROKEN
BACK DOWN AND ___________________________________ INTO ONE OF THE OTHER TYPES.
Explain how we use the law of superposition and radioactive dating to date fossils.
Law of Superposition
Radioactive Decay Dating of Fossils
The Law of Superposition – says that the ________________________ rocks are on the top and the
________________________ rocks are on the bottom.
Radioactive dating of fossils: ________________________ is one of the basic elements of life. Carbon atoms
decay at a constant rate, so scientists use the ________________ of carbon in life forms to date when these
fossils lived.
Explain how the theory of plate tectonics is used to describe how the Earth’s surface is built up and torn
down.
The theory of Plate Tectonics is based on Wegeners theory of Continental Drift which stated that the continents
were once all connected (Pangea). The movement of the _____________________ __________________ caused
the continents to separate and move apart. The evidence of what happens at plate boundaries and the
formation of new crust helps support this theory. Fossil evidence where organisms of the same species were
found on different continents also help support it.
Explain how the convecting mantle causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and creates mountains and
ocean basins.
The earth’s mantle is where ________________________ currents
happen that provide the energy for tectonic plates to move.
This movement of plates happens at the __________________and
each type of boundary movement can cause a different type
of landform or event.
Convergent boundary: two plates move _______________ each other –
This can cause subduction where one plate slides underneath
another and is destroyed or it can slowly form a ______________________.
Divergent boundary: where two plates move __________________from each other resulting in _____________
________________ (ocean basins) being formed.
Transform boundary: where two plates move __________________________ each other - although crust is
neither created or destroyed here, they can get caught and cause earthquakes
Online interactive and video practice:
Rock cycle: http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html
Earth’s structure and plate tectonics: http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/
Test your Earth structure skills: http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/testskills.html
Law of Superposition: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EadTLGMu3LI
Radiocarbon dating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2io5opwhQMQ
Study the information above for a 10 question quiz tomorrow  QUIZ SCORE_____/10
Day 2: Earth’s Atmosphere and Weather
Bellwork: Quiz on Day 1 materials
Powerpoint Review Guided Notes:
Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation.


Conduction: heat transfer through __________________
Convection: heat transfer from a ___________to a gas or a
gas to a liquid

Radiation: heat transfer through__________________________
radiation
Explain how the water cycle affects weather patterns and climate.

The ___________________ cycle plays a key role in
weather patterns and local climate.

For example: Cities near the ocean will have higher
humidity levels and higher chances of rain because
they are closer to the area where water evaporates
off the oceans.

Locations farther from where evaporation happens
will have drier ____________________.
Explain how the jet stream and ocean currents affect local weather.
Jet Stream
Ocean Currents

A jet stream forms high in the upper troposphere between two ____________ __________________
masses of very different temperature. The greater the temperature difference between the air masses,
the faster the ________________________ blows in the jet stream.

Ocean Currents: Varying ocean _________________________ affect local atmospheric pressure, which
creates regional _____________________patterns that, in turn, drive oceanic currents that affect surface
ocean temperatures.
Explain the interactions between the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.






Atmosphere: Earth’s __________
_____________________: Earth’s nonliving structures
Biosphere: Earth’s _____________ organisms
Hydrosphere: Earth’s _______________
Cryosphere: Earth’s ______________ masses
Even a small ____________________ in one system can change one or more of the other systems.
How does the Sun’s energy influence weather and climate?
The Earth ‘s ____________________________ shape causes it to be heated ___________________. The equator
region receives more direct sunlight (thermal energy)
The warmer air at the equator caused by more __________________ sunlight causes ___________________
currents to form in Earth’s atmosphere.
These currents are what drive _____________________ patterns.
Differentiate between weather and climate.
Weather is the _______________________ atmospheric conditions in an area.
Climate is the __________________ ______________________ conditions in an area over a long period of
time.
Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.


Our atmosphere does three main things:

helps _________________ some of the radiation from the Sun

holds _____________ in so that the temperature can sustain life

Holds in the _________________ needed for life; CO2, O2, and N
Online interactive practice:
Conduction, convection, and Radiation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnVVJfUMkAo
Convection Currents and humidity: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ0GAib-X0U
Convection in ocean currents: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xWWowXtuvA
Earth Systems: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciV6Uaeobxk
Layers of the atmosphere: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vcHBNMw2h0
Study the information above for a 10 question quiz tomorrow 
QUIZ SCORE_____/10
Day 3: Energy and Transformations
Bellwork: Explain the electromagnetic spectrum and the types of radiation that make it up.
Powerpoint Review Guided Notes:
Differentiate between reflection and refraction. (VOCAB)
Explain how different types of waves travel through different mediums
Explain how the Law of Conservation of Energy is supported in different energy transfer situations.
How can you change the state of a state of matter? From solid to liquid to gas or from Gas to liquid to solid.
Describe the transformation of energy from one form to another in various situations.
Give evidence to support the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Describe and give examples that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones
until they reach the same temperature.
Practice and vocabulary:
Online interactive practice:
Energy Flow:
http://www.alliantenergykids.com/FunandGames/OnlineGames/KIDS_GAME_FLOW_OF_ENERGY
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-skate-park
Waves: http://www.tryscience.org/experiments/experiments_japan_online.html
Study the information above for a 10 question quiz tomorrow 
QUIZ SCORE_____/10
Day 4: Force, Motion, and Graphing motion
Bellwork: Use the data in the table to create a graph that charts the motion of each object listed. Explain
whether the object is increasing speed, decreasing speed, or traveling at a constant speed.
Powerpoint Review Guided Notes:
Differentiate between contact and non-contact forces.
Explain how non-contact forces like electrical, magnetic, and gravitational force act on an object.
What two things does the law of gravity depend on?
Explain how gravity changes when mass or the distance between two objects changes.
Explain how motion happens.
Describe how unbalanced forces acting on an object will affect its speed and/or direction of motion.
Practice and vocabulary:
Online interactive practice:
Roller Coaster Force and Motion: http://www.funderstanding.com/slg/coaster/
Graphing Motion: http://www.learner.org/workshops/force/mouselab.html
Study the information above for a 10 question quiz tomorrow 
QUIZ SCORE_____/10