UNIT 5 – READING AND LEARNING GUIDE
TOPICS TO KNOW:
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Explain how the laws of thermodynamics govern metabolic processes
Explain how free energy changes in chemical reactions and relate these changes to metabolic
processes
Define metabolism and relate to transformations of energy and matter
Distinguish between anabolic and catabolic processes
Analyze free energy changes in energy coupling that uses ATP hydrolysis
Describe the role of ATP in energy-coupling reactions
Explain how ATP hydrolysis performs cellular work
Describe how organisms use food molecules as fuel
Explain the role of cellular respiration in the catabolism of fuel molecules and release of energy
for cellular work
Relate glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to catabolic and anabolic processes
Explain how cellular respiration controls the energy release from glucose and ultimately
transfers energy to ATP
Describe how redox reactions change the potential energy of electrons and explain their use in
cellular respiration
Describe the details of oxidative phosphorylation
Explain how oxidative phosphorylation transforms energy of electrons by using concentration
gradients and ATP synthase
Describe how glycolysis catabolizes glucose to release energy and form pyruvate
Distinguish between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes
State the main purpose and location of fermentation
Give examples of fermentation
Explain how cellular components help to capture and convert energy in a cell.
Explain the difference between the efficiency of aerobic respiration and fermentation.
Explain the ecological importance of photosynthesis
Explain the role of photosynthesis in the evolution of aerobic life
Describe the main purpose, location and main process of photosynthesis
Explain the process of the light reaction
Explain the process of the Calvin cycle
Describe the types and structure of plant tissues and organs.
Explain how the structure of these tissues and organs support their function.
Describe how vascular plants have adapted to allow for the transport of water and nutrients
throughout the plant
Describe root adaptations that allow plants to obtain nutrients from the soil
Describe the role of plasmodesmata in plant transport
Explain how pressure gradients lead to bulk flow in plants when they transport organic matter
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Explain how minerals and water move through a plant via the xylem
Describe how stomata regulate water flow through a plant
Distinguish between the different mechanisms of transport in plants
Describe how plants sense light
Name processes in plants that are influenced by the presence of light
Explain the blooming of long-day and short-day plants with examples
Explain what metabolism is and how we measure it.
Name and describe factors that influence the metabolic rate of organisms
Explain how diet provides chemical energy to an animal and what the animal does with that
energy.
Describe and define the various types of essential nutrients.
Describe various evolutionary adaptations to diverse diets.
Predict outcomes when diets are deficient in providing chemical energy, nutrients, or life’s
building blocks.
Name and define the four basic stages of food processing.
Describe how food is mechanically and chemically digested.
Describe the role of accessory organs in digestion.
Describe the processes of chemical digestion and absorption that occur in the small intestine.
Relate digestive tract adaptations to dietary needs.
Describe how both animals and the microbes they harbor can benefit one another.
Describe the purposes of a circulatory system in a complex organism.
Identify the basic components of the circulatory system.
Compare and contrast open and closed circulatory systems.
Distinguish between single and double circulation.
Explain the significance of multi-chambered hearts
Explain the affinity of hemoglobin and myoglobin to oxygen
TEXT BOOK SECTIONS:
MODULES 23-31; 113; 115-117; 123; 144-145, 147, 151
ON-LINE SOURCES:
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Great animation from leaf structure to photosynthesis:
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf
Photosynthesis: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htm and
http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosystemII/movie.htm
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Oxidative phosphorylation animation:
http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie.htm
And http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/movie.htm
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Circulatory system:
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http://www.argosymedical.com/Circulatory/samples/animations/Heart/index.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOiyjNFB0as
Bozeman Biology: http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-biology/ #’s 012, 013
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http://www.bozemanscience.com/cellular-respiration
http://www.bozemanscience.com/013-photosynthesis-and-respiration
http://www.bozemanscience.com/plant-nutrition-transport
http://www.bozemanscience.com/circulatory-system
http://www.bozemanscience.com/digestive-system
http://www.bozemanscience.com/respiratory-system
MATH:
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Water potential
Standard error
Standard deviation
Temperature coefficient calculations
Mean, median, mode
LABS:
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Laboratory Investigation: 5 – Photosynthesis
Laboratory Investigation 6 – Cellular Respiration
(Laboratory Investigation 11 – Transpiration only as a handout)